[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Polity, Pleasure & Law](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti) › [Law and Social-Religious Duty](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma) › [Minor extant smṛtis](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti) › [Devalasmṛti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala) › [The old Devala law-book — fragments](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments) › 3 # The Law Code of Devala 3: Vivāhaḥ kulaṃ ca Devalasmṛti (fragments) 3 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### Vivāhaḥ kulaṃ ca ### [3.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.3.1) ete vivāhāś catvāro dharmyās toyapradānikāḥ | aśulkā brāhmaṇārhāś ca tārayanti dvayoḥ kulam || etān saśulkān sāmānyān vivāhāṃś caturo viduḥ | kevalaṃ kṣatriyasyaiva praśastatvāc ca rākṣasaḥ > How should their bathing, how their cleansing, how their penance be? / What conduct should they adopt? Tell us that in full detail.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > These four marriages, (given) with a libation of water, are lawful, without bride-price, fit for Brahmins, and save both families. The four (others) they know as marriages with bride-price, common (to all); the Rākṣasa only for the Kṣatriya, as approved (for him). > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [3.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.3.2) tato vinītāṃ kalyāṇīṃ kanyāṃ kulavayo'nvitām | alaṃkṛtyārhate dadyād vivāho brāhma ucyate > When one adorns a well-bred, virtuous maiden of good family and right age and gives her to a worthy man, that marriage is called Brāhma. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [3.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.3.3) śulkaṃ pradāya kanyāyāḥ supradānaṃ vidhānataḥ | vittahetur vivāho 'yam āsuraḥ ṣaṣṭha ucyate > When the maiden is given duly after a bride-price has been paid, this marriage for money is called the sixth, the Āsura. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [3.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.3.4) suptān mattāc ca kanyāyā harati vyasanād api | pramādahetuḥ paiśāco vivāho 'ṣṭama ucyate > When one carries off a maiden asleep or intoxicated, or in distress, that marriage by negligence is called the eighth, the Paiśāca. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [3.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.3.5) gāndharveṣu vivāheṣu punar vaivāhiko vidhiḥ | kartavyaś ca tribhir varṇaiḥ samayenāgnisākṣikaḥ > In Gāndharva marriages the wedding rite is to be performed again by the three classes, by agreement, with the fire as witness. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [3.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.3.6) tisraḥ kanyā vidhivad dattvā yathānyāyaṃ pālayitvā niveśya ca | na pitā narakaṃ yāti nārī vā strīprasūtinī > A father who duly gives three daughters in marriage, having brought them up and settled them properly, does not go to hell, nor does a woman who has borne only daughters. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [3.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.3.7) yaḥ svadārān ṛtusnātān susthaś cen nopagacchati > If one who is well does not approach his wife when she has bathed after her season … > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [3.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.3.8) yasya jātasya yamayoḥ paśyanti prathamaṃ mukham | santānaḥ pitaraś caiva tasmiñ jyaiṣṭhyaṃ pratiṣṭhitam > Of twins, the one whose face they see first when born: in him are established the line, the ancestors and seniority. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [3.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.3.9) ete dvādaśa putrās tu santatyartham udāhṛtāḥ | ātmajāḥ parajāś caiva labdhā yādṛcchikās tathā | teṣāṃ ṣaḍ bandhudāyādāḥ pūrve 'nye pitur eva ṣaṭ > These twelve sons are declared for the continuance of the line: born of oneself, born of another, acquired, and come by chance; of them the first six are kinsmen and heirs, the other six (heirs) of the father only. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [3.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.3.10) sarve hy anaurasasyaite putrā dāyaharāḥ smṛtāḥ | aurase punar utpanne teṣu jyaiṣṭhyaṃ na vidyate > All these sons of a man without a son of his body are held to be heirs; but when a son of his body is born, seniority does not belong to them. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ## Translations (2) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments~en-mt.3.1) — English, machine translation - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala~en-mt.3) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (22) - [Dattaka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.vyavahara.dattaka) - [Kṛtyakalpataru](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.krtyakalpataru.3.p85) — Lakṣmīdhara Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit - [Gṛhastharatnākara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.acara.ahnika.grhastharatnakara.5.p13) — Caṇḍeśvara, Sanskrit - [Vivādaratnākara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.vyavahara.vivada.vivadaratnakara.21.p12) — Caṇḍeśvara, Sanskrit - [Saṃskāraratnamālā (Gopīnātha Dīkṣita Oka)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.samskara.samskararatnamala.33.p1.20) — Gopīnātha Dīkṣita Oka, Sanskrit - [Nirṇayasindhu](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.41.2-2) — Kamalākarabhaṭṭa 1612, Sanskrit - [Dāyabhāga](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.dayabhaga.9.7) — Jīmūtavāhana, Sanskrit - [Hiraṇyakeśidharmasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.dharma.hiranyakesi.38.165.p1) — Hiraṇyakeśin, Sanskrit - [Bhagavantabhāskara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.bhagavantabhaskara.52.p8) — Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita 1625, Sanskrit - [Caturvargacintāmaṇi](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.caturvargacintamani.124.p36) — Hemādri, Sanskrit - [Smṛtiratnākara (Vivādaratnākara, Kṛtyaratnākara…)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtiratnakara.20.p18) — Caṇḍeśvara Ṭhakkura, Sanskrit - [Ujjvalā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.dharma.apastamba!haradatta.48.2.4) — Haradatta (dharmasūtra commentator), Sanskrit - [Ācārasāra (Gadādhara)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.acara.acarasara-gadadhara.10.p323) — Gadādhara (Pāraskara commentator), Sanskrit - [Bālambhaṭṭī (Lakṣmīvyākhyāna)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.yajnavalkya!mitaksara!balambhatti.22.289) — Bālambhaṭṭa Pāyaguṇḍe 1740, Sanskrit - [Lakṣmīvyākhyāna](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.yajnavalkya!mitaksara!balakrsna.22.289) — Bālakṛṣṇa 1730, Sanskrit - [Vivādārṇavasetu](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.vyavahara.vivada.vivadarnavasetu.2.p34) — Several paṇḍits 1748, Sanskrit - [Dīpakalikā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.yajnavalkya!sulapani.1.34.9) — Śūlapāṇi, Sanskrit - [Smṛtiratnākara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.acara.smrtiratnakara.5.p15.2) — Veṅkaṭanātha, Sanskrit - [Dānamayūkha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.dana.danamayukha.3.p66.1) — Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita 1600, Sanskrit - [Vivādacintāmaṇi](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.vivadacintamani.2.p181.3) — Vācaspatimiśra (Maithila smārta), Sanskrit - [Dānacandrikā (Divākarabhaṭṭa)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.dana.danacandrika-divakara.2.32.3) — Divākarabhaṭṭa 1658, Sanskrit - [Dāyatattva](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.vyavahara.daya.dayatattva.1.p18) — Raghunandana, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.3) · Pramāṇa