[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Polity, Pleasure & Law](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti) › [Law and Social-Religious Duty](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma) › [Minor extant smṛtis](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti) › [Devalasmṛti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala) › [The old Devala law-book — fragments](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments) › 5 # The Law Code of Devala 5: Vratāni kālo dānaṃ ca Devalasmṛti (fragments) 5 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### Vratāni kālo dānaṃ ca ### [5.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.1) yāṃ tithiṃ samanuprāpya udayaṃ yāti bhāskaraḥ | sā tithiḥ sakalā jñeyā snānadānavratādiṣu || yāṃ tithiṃ samanuprāpya astaṃ yāti hi bhāskaraḥ | sā tithiḥ sakalā jñeyā snānadānavratādiṣu > I shall explain the penance in detail, O great sages. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) > The lunar day on which the sun rises is to be taken as the whole day for bathing, gifts, vows and the like; the lunar day on which the sun sets is (likewise) to be taken as the whole day for bathing, gifts, vows and the like. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.2) saṅkaṭe viṣame prāpte dvādaśyāṃ pārayet katham > When a difficult and critical situation arises, how should one break the fast on the twelfth? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.3) nakṣatradarśanān naktaṃ gṛhasthasya budhaiḥ smṛtam | yater dināṣṭame bhāge tasya rātrau niṣidhyate > For the householder the wise hold the 'night-meal' (nakta) to begin at the sight of the stars; for the ascetic it is in the eighth part of the day, since for him (eating) at night is forbidden. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.4) dinārdhasamaye 'tīte bhujyate niyamena yat | ekabhaktam iti proktaṃ nyūnaṃ grāsatrayeṇa tu > What is eaten under a vow when half the day has passed, less by three mouthfuls, is called the single meal (ekabhakta). > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.5) daśamyām ekabhaktas tu māṃsamaithunavarjitaḥ | ekādaśīm upavaset pakṣayor ubhayor api > Eating one meal on the tenth, avoiding meat and intercourse, he should fast on the eleventh in both fortnights. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.6) abhuktvā prātarāhāraṃ snātvācamya samāhitaḥ | sūryādidevatābhyaś ca nivedya vratam ācaret > Without taking the morning meal, having bathed and sipped water, composed, he should announce it to the Sun and the other deities and then undertake the vow. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.7) upavāsaḥ praṇaśyeta divāsvapnākṣamaithunaiḥ | atyaye cāmbupāne tu nopavāsaḥ praṇaśyati > A fast is destroyed by sleeping by day, by dice and by intercourse; but by drinking water in an emergency the fast is not destroyed. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.8) brahmacaryaṃ tathā śaucaṃ satyam āmiṣavarjanam | vrateṣv etāni catvāri variṣṭhānīti niścayaḥ > Chastity, purity, truthfulness and abstaining from meat: these four are the most important things in vows; this is settled. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.9) sarvabhūtabhayaṃ vyādhiḥ pramādo guruśāsanam | avrataghnāni paṭhyante sakṛd etāni śāstrataḥ > Fear of any creature, illness, inadvertence and a teacher's command: these, once, are declared by the treatises not to break a vow. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.10) āhitāgnir anaḍvāṃś ca brahmacārī ca te trayaḥ | aśnanta eva sidhyanti naiṣāṃ siddhir anaśnatām > One who keeps the sacred fires, a draught-ox and a student: these three succeed only by eating; there is no success for them by fasting. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.11) saṃkrāntisamayaḥ sūkṣmo durjñeyaḥ piśitekṣaṇaiḥ | tadyogāc cāpy adhaś cordhvaṃ triṃśan nāḍyaḥ pavitritāḥ > The moment of the solar transit is subtle and hard to know for fleshly eyes; thirty nāḍīs before and after its occurrence are sanctified. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.12) yathā snānaṃ ca dānaṃ ca sūryasya grahaṇe divā | somasyāpi tathā rātrau snānaṃ dānaṃ vidhīyate > As bathing and giving are prescribed at an eclipse of the sun by day, so at an eclipse of the moon at night. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.13) gaṅgā ca yamunā caiva plakṣajātā sarasvatī | rajasā nābhibhūyante ye cānye nadasaṃjñakāḥ > The Gaṅgā, the Yamunā, the Sarasvatī that rises at the Plakṣa, and the others called nada (male rivers) are not defiled by the (rivers') menses. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.14) mahāniśā tu vijñeyā madhyasthaṃ praharadvayam | tasyāṃ snānaṃ na kurvīta kāmyanaimittikād ṛte > The 'great night' is to be known as the two middle watches; in it one should not bathe, except for optional and occasional rites. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.15) tṛtīyā rohiṇīyuktā vaiśākhasya sitā śubhā | maghābhiḥ sahitā yā tu nabhasye tu trayodaśī || yugādayaḥ smṛtā hy etā dattasyākṣayakārakāḥ > The auspicious bright third of Vaiśākha joined with Rohiṇī, the thirteenth of Nabhasya joined with Maghā … these are held to be the beginnings of the ages, making what is given imperishable. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.16) athāto dānavidhiṃ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ | arthānām udite pātre śraddhayā pratipāditam | dānam ity abhinirdiṣṭaṃ vyākhyānaṃ tasya vakṣyate > Now we shall explain the rule of giving. Wealth bestowed with faith on a worthy recipient who has been named is called a gift; its explanation will be given. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.17) sarveṣām eva dānānām annadānam anuttamam | ko 'nyo 'sti prāṇadād asmād viśiṣṭo hy annadāt paraḥ > Of all gifts the gift of food is the highest; who else is better than the giver of food, the giver of life? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.18) pañcadaśyāṃ caturdaśyām aṣṭamyāṃ ca viśāradaḥ | tailaṃ māṃsaṃ vyavāyaṃ ca kṣuraṃ ca parivarjayet > On the fifteenth, the fourteenth and the eighth a wise man should avoid oil, meat, intercourse and the razor. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5.19) yaugapadye tu tīrthānāṃ viprādikramaśo vrajet | rakṣaṇārtham aputrāṇāṃ grahaṇakramaśo 'pi ca > When (many) come to the holy places together, they should go (to bathe) in the order of Brahmins and the rest; and, to protect those without sons, in the order of their arrival. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ## Translations (2) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments~en-mt.5.1) — English, machine translation - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala~en-mt.5) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (40) - [Vīramitrodaya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.viramitrodaya.22) — Mitramiśra 1610, Sanskrit - [Navarātrapradīpa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.vrata.durgotsava.navaratrapradipa.115_248) — Nandapaṇḍita 1543, Sanskrit - [Kālanirṇaya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala) - [Maithila and Gauḍa śrāddha nibandhas](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.sraddha.mithila_bengal) - [Mahānibandha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha) - [Pratāpārka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.prataparka.11.p113) — Viśveśvarabhaṭṭa 1766, Sanskrit - [Jayasīṃhakalpadruma](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.jayasimhakalpadruma.5.p14.4) — Ratnākara 1688, Sanskrit - [Gadādharapaddhati](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.gadadharapaddhati.3.p21) — Gadādhara Rājaguru 1725, Sanskrit - [Kālasāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.kalasara.5.p15) — Gadādhara (Pāraskara commentator), Sanskrit - [Bhagavantabhāskara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.bhagavantabhaskara.19.p19) — Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita 1625, Sanskrit - [Kṛtyakalpataru](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.krtyakalpataru.15.p65) — Lakṣmīdhara Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit - [Nirṇayasindhu](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.nirnayasindhu.2.2.21) — Kamalākarabhaṭṭa 1612, Sanskrit - [Kālanirṇaya (Kālamādhavīya)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.kalamadhaviya.4.p50) — Mādhava, Sanskrit - [Smṛtimuktāphala](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtimuktaphala.1.30.5) — Vaidyanātha Dīkṣita 1575, Sanskrit - [Varṣakriyākaumudī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.varsakrtya.varsakriyakaumudi.1.p62) — Govindānanda Kavikaṅkaṇa 1510, Sanskrit - [Smṛtikaustubha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtikaustubha.1.31.p1.4) — Anantadeva 1638, Sanskrit - [Kriyākaumudī (Govindānanda)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.krtya.kriyakaumudi.1.p32) — Govindānanda 1500, Sanskrit - [Tithyarka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.tithi.tithyarka.4.p1.34) — Divākarabhaṭṭa 1658, Sanskrit - [Caturvargacintāmaṇi](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.caturvargacintamani.1.p169) — Hemādri, Sanskrit - [Samayapradīpa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.samayapradipa.p139) — Viṭhṭhaladīkṣita, Sanskrit - [Cakranārāyaṇīyanibandha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.cakranarayaniyanibandha.1.p11) — Viśvambharatrivedin 1600, Sanskrit - [Smṛtitattva](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrtitattva.1.p2.79) — Raghunandana Bhaṭṭācārya 1520, Sanskrit - [Śrāddhamañjarī (Bāpūbhaṭṭa Kelakāra)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.sraddha.sraddhamanjari.7.1.4) — Bāpūbhaṭṭa Kelakāra 1785, Sanskrit - [Vratodyāpanakaumudī (Śaṅkara)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.vrata.udyapana.vratodyapanakaumudi-sankara.p3) — Śaṅkara 1728, Sanskrit - [Smṛticandrikā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.smrticandrika.24.p36) — Devaṇṇabhaṭṭa, Sanskrit - [Dānasāgara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.danasagara.79.16) — Ballālasena, Sanskrit - [Saṃskāraratnamālā (Gopīnātha Dīkṣita Oka)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.samskara.samskararatnamala.50.p5.12) — Gopīnātha Dīkṣita Oka, Sanskrit - [Kālatattvavivecana](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.kalatattvavivecana.1.p35) — Raghunātha Vājapeyin 1595, Sanskrit - [Ācārasāra (Gadādhara)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.acara.acarasara-gadadhara.10.p321) — Gadādhara (Pāraskara commentator), Sanskrit - [Vratakāṇḍa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.vrata.vratakanda.1.p19) — Lakṣmīdhara, Sanskrit - [Kālaviveka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.kalaviveka.77.1.10) — Jīmūtavāhana, Sanskrit - [Saṃvatsaradīdhiti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.varsakrtya.samvatsaradidhiti.21.1-3.3) — Anantadeva 1650, Sanskrit - [Madanapārijāta](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.madanaparijata.9.1.1) — Viśveśvarabhaṭṭa, Sanskrit - [Abdadīdhiti](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.krtya.abdadidhiti.7.p16) — Anantadeva 1645, Sanskrit - [Parāśaramādhavīya (Vidvanmanoharā)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.parasara!madhava.p60) — Mādhava, Sanskrit - [Saṃskārabhāskara (Siddheśvara)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.samskara.samskarabhaskara-siddhesvara.1.p45.106) — Siddheśvara 1630, Sanskrit - [Dānamayūkha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.dana.danamayukha.1.p2.2) — Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita 1600, Sanskrit - [Nṛsiṃhaprasāda](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.nrsimhaprasada.p161) — Dalapatirāja 1511, Sanskrit - [Dānacandrikā (Divākarabhaṭṭa)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.dana.danacandrika-divakara.1.1-2.1) — Divākarabhaṭṭa 1658, Sanskrit - [Dharmapradīpa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.dharmapradipa.8.p1) — Bhoja, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.devala*fragments.5) · Pramāṇa