[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Polity, Pleasure & Law](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti) › [Law and Social-Religious Duty](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma) › [Vaishnava Dharmashastra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.visnu) › 23.52 # Vaishnava Dharmashastra 23.52 Vaiṣṇava Dharmaśāstra 23.52 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [23.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.visnu.23.52) makṣikā vipruṣaś chāyā gaur gajāśvamarīcayaḥ rajo bhūr vāyur agniś ca mārjāraś ca sadā śuciḥ // > Flies, saliva dropping from the mouth, a shadow, a cow, an elephant, a horse, sun-beams, dust, the earth, air, fire, and a cat are always pure. > — Julius Jolly 1880, The Institutes of Vishnu - [Previous: 23.51](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.visnu.23.51) - [Next: 23.53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.visnu.23.53) - [Up: 23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.visnu.23) ## Translations (1) - [The Institutes of Vishnu](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.visnu~en-jolly.23.52) — Julius Jolly 1880, English --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.visnu.23.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.visnu.23.52) · Pramāṇa