The Law Code of Yājñavalkya 7

Bālakrīḍā 7

Language: Sanskrit

7.154

sīmno maryādāyā vivāde saṃśaye | vivādībhūtakṣetrasya sāmantāḥ sa rvataḥ samīpakṣetriṇaḥ sthavirā gaṇāśca samūhāni cāturvaidyādīni, teṣāmapi hi sīmājñātṛtvāt | yathāha bṛhaspatiḥ - 'rājā kṣetraṃ dattvā cāturvaidyavaṇigvārikasarvagrāmīṇatanmahattarasvāmipuruṣādhiṣṭhitaṃ paricchindyāt | śāsanaṃ vā kuryādi'ti | ato gaṇāḥ sīmāvivāde pramāṇam | kiñca gopāḥ gopagrahaṇaṃ sarvapaśupālopalakṣaṇārtham | tathānye sīmnaḥ kṛṣāṇaḥ vṛddhahālikāḥ | sarve ca vanagocarāḥ vyādhaśākunikādayaḥ |

7.155

tuṣāṅgārādīni pracchannacihnāni | nimnasthaladrumādīni prakāśāni | etaiḥ sīmāntaṃ praṇayeyuḥ prakarṣeṇedaṃ †samāntaṃ cihnaḥ sampādayeyuḥ | spaṣṭamanyat |

7.156

semā apakṣapatitāḥ | samāśca te grāmāśca samagrāmāḥ | vāśabdaścaśabdārthe | pūrvoktāḥ kṣetrasāmantādayaḥ samagrāmāḥ sāmantāśca | eṣāṃ madhye catvāro'ṣṭau, athavā daśa | athaveti smṛtyantaroktakalpārthaḥ | trayo dvāveko veti | te ca raktasragvasanāḥ kṣitidhāriṇo bhūtvā nayeyuḥ | raktakaravīrādipuṣpamālinaḥ raktavāsasaśca | kṣitiṃ mṛdaṃ mūrdhni kuryuḥ | aviśeṣābhidhāne'pi caitad dvijātīnāmeva | śūdrāṇāṃ tu yathāha bṛhaspatiḥ - "yadi śūdro netā syāt taṃ kaintyenālaṅkāreṇālaṅkṛtya śavabhasmanā mukhaṃ vilipyāgneyasya paśoḥ śoṇitenorasi pañcāṅgulāni kṛtvā grīvāyāmāntrāṇi pratimucya savyena pāṇinā sīmaloṣṭaṃ mūrdhni dhārayedi"ti | atra cāgneyaḥ paśuśchāgaḥ | raktakarpaṭavasanādiḥ kaintyo'laṅkāraḥ | spaṣṭamanyat |

7.157

tuśabdo niścayārthaḥ | uktacihnavyabhicārāccihnāntaradarśanādvā spaṣṭīkṛte'nṛtavāditve rājñā madhyamasāhasaṃ pañcakārṣāpaṇaśatānyekaikaśo daṇḍyāḥ | rājavacanaṃ tatsamakṣaṃ sīmānayanaṃ yathā syāt | yadā pracchannaprakāśāni
jñānacihnāni na syuḥ, tadā rājā pravartitā yadṛcchayā sīmākāraka ityarthaḥ |
yo'yaṃ kṣetrasīmāvidhimuktaḥ —

7.158

uktamaryādakṣetrādīnāṃ ca —

7.159

sāhasadaṇḍā iti śeṣaḥ | maryādābhede prathamasāhasaḥ sārdhadviśatam | kṣetraharaṇe tūttamasāhasaḥ sāśītiḥ paṇasāhasraḥ | sīmātikramaṇe madhyamaḥ |
sarvathā ca parakṣetrādyanapaharaṇaprāptāvāha —

7.160

khāta udakapravāhasya pravṛttasya mārgāntarapravartanaṃ setuḥ | kulyetyarthaḥ | kṣetramadhyena kṣetrāntaraprasecanāyānīyamāno yadyalpopaghātaḥ kṛtsnasya niṣpattibāhulyācca kalyāṇakārakaḥ | tataḥ kṣetrasvāminā na nivāraṇīyaḥ | tathā caitadāgopālaṃ prasiddhameva — ‘parabhūmiṃ haret kūpaḥ svalpakṣetro bahūdakaḥ’ iti | svalpakṣetramadhyena kṣetrāntaraprasecanārthaṃ nīyamānābhiḥ kulyābhiḥ parakīyāṃ bhūmiṃ haret kūpa iti | ataḥ pravādādidamavagacchāmaḥ seturna pratiṣedhya iti | yadvāsyānyo'rthaḥ | yasya kṣetre svalpadoṣo bahūdakaḥ khanyamānaḥ kūpaḥ syāt , tasyāsau khanyamāno rājyopakārakatvena kṣetrasvāmino bhūmiṃ harediti |
evaṃ ca sati kṣetrasvāmyananujñāyāpi setupravṛttiprasaktāvāha —

7.161

yattu svāminārpitaṃ kṣetraṃ karṣako halāṅkitaṃ kṛtvā krodhādinā na kuryāt | na kārayedvā | tatra kathamityapekṣita āha—

7.162

iti sīmāvivādaprakaraṇam |
atha svāmipālavivādaprakaraṇam | yadi tu paśupālāparādhāt svāmyaparādhādvā paśavaḥ sasyopaghātaṃ kuryuḥ, tatra katham | tatrāpi hi—

7.163

kārṣāpaṇaviṃśatibhāgo māṣaḥ | spaṣṭamanyat |
upahatya †prapalāyatāmevam | yadi tu tatraivo-viśeyuḥ, tataḥ —

7.164

bhakṣayitvopaviṣṭānāṃmavasatā pūrvoktadviguṇo daṇḍaḥ kāryaḥ | vasatāṃ tu caturguṇaḥ smṛtyantarāt | yaccaitat kṣetropaghāte nirūpitaṃ, tadeṣāṃ mahiṣyādīnāṃ vivīte'pi samam, tathaivetyarthaḥ | vivīte ca gopracārakṣetre kharoṣṭraṃ mahiṣīsamam | evaṃ pīḍānusārāndvastyādiṣvapi daṇḍakalpanā |
rājadaṇḍavacca—

7.165

atrāpavādaḥ —
iticchedaḥ | grāmānte vivītānte vā yat kṣetraṃ, tatra pramādādavatīrṇeṣu mahiṣyādiṣu nāparādhaḥ || abhiprāyovataraṇe tvāha -

7.166

pālaḥ svāmī vā | yaddrobhāvapi |
uktagrāmasamīpādivyatirekeṇāpi -

7.167

pālo yeṣāṃ daivarājapariplutaḥ, te mocyā iti vyavahitakalpanā | spaṣṭamanyat |
ayaṃ ca svāmipālayoranyonyaniyamaḥ -

7.168

paricchinnavetanò dattavetanò vā gopaḥ prātaryathārpitān sāyaṃ pratyarpayet | arpaṇavacanāccāsamarpitapraṇāśe nāparādhaḥ gopavacanaṃ ca paśūnityupa kramāt sarvapaśupālopalakṣaṇārtham | pramādenopekṣayā mṛtāḥ pranaṣṭā vā ye paśavaḥ, te ca pālenaiva deyāḥ |
rājanyaniveditasya pūrvoktam | āvedane punaḥ -

7.169

pāladoṣādatra vināśaḥ saṃvṛtta ityevaṃ rājanyyāvedite'rdhatrayodaśapaṇo daṇḍaḥ pālasya | svalpāśaṅkāyāṃ ca vidhīyate ityuktam |
kiñca-

7.170

spaṣṭārthaḥ ślokaḥ |
kiñca-

7.171

7.172

velāhīne ca taskaraḥ | kretā syādityarthaḥ | tathāca nāradaḥ"dravyamasvāmivikrītaṃ dravyasvāmī samāpnuyāt | prakāśakrayataḥ śuddhiḥ kretuḥ steyaṃ rahaḥkṛte || asvāmyanumatād dāsādasataśca janād rahaḥ | hīnamūlyamavelāyāṃ krīṇaṃstaddoṣabhāg bhavet ||" iti |
kiñca-

7.173

naṣṭaṃ vāpahṛtaṃ vā dravyamanyena gṛhītamāsādyopalabhya dravyagrāhiṇaṃ hartrāyamiti vyapadiśya rājapuruṣairvyavahāranirṇayāya grāhayet | yadi tu rājakīyāsannidhānaṃ deśakālātipattiścāśaṅkyeta, tadā svayameva gṛhītvā rājñe hartāramarpayet | nanvetat svabhāvasiddhatvādevāvācyam | satyam | svātantryeṇa gṛhṇataḥ stenaṃ ca dadato doṣābhāvajñāpanārthametat | anyā vyākhyā - naṣṭāpahṛtamāsādya krītvā svāminā prārthyamāne hartāraṃ grāhayet | mūlyamarpayedityarthaḥ | deśakālātipattau vā prakāśakrayeṇāpi gṛhītvā svayamarpayet | tathāpyadoṣa ityabhiprāyaḥ |
hartṛtayā ca rājanyāveditasya-

7.174

7.175

āgamena lekhyādinā prakāśamaskhalitacirabhogena vā naṣṭaṃ dravyamanyahastagataṃ madīyamityevaṃ bhāvyam | ataḥ prakāradvayādanyathā madīyamiti vadato vivādyībhūtadravyāt pañcabandhaḥ pañcamo bhāgo damaḥ syāt | tacca dravyamitareṇāpi pūrvoktaprakāradvayenātmīyamityabhāvyaṃ rājagāmyavaseyam |
yataścaitadevam, ataḥ -

7.176

spaṣṭārthaḥ ślokaḥ |
kiñca -

7.177

arvāk saṃvatsarāt svāmī gṛhṇīyāt | parato nṛpatirgṛhṇīyāt |
pāritoṣikān rājñe -

7.178

ityasvāmivikrayaprakaraṇam | atha dattāpradānikaprakaraṇam | pāritoṣikadānaprasaṅgenādṛṣṭārtho'pi dānasādhāraṇo vidhirucyate -

7.179

svaśabdo vibhaktaputrādinivṛttyarthaḥ | avirodhaśca grāsācchādanamātrasampallakṣaṇo vijñeyaḥ | dārasutagrahaṇaṃ ca sarvajñātidharmopanatādilakṣaṇārtham | nānvaye sati sarvasvaṃ pṛthak kuṭumbatayāvasthite'pītyarthaḥ | deyaṃ yaccetyatra deyaṃ pratyarpaṇīyaṃ nikṣepādi | anyasaṃśritaṃ sādhāraṇaṃ parādhīnaṃ vā svameva | asya pāṭhāntaram - 'yacca pratiśrutam' iti | deyatvenānyasmai pratiśrutamityarthaḥ | tathāca nāradaḥ - "anvāhitaṃ yācitakamādhiḥ sādhāraṇaṃ ca yat | nikṣepaṃ putradāraṃ ca sarvasvaṃ cānvaye sati || āpadyapi ca kaṣṭāyāṃ vartamānena dehinā | adeyānyāhurācāryā yaccānyasmai pratiśrutam || iti |
adeyavyatiriktānāṃ tu deyānāṃ -

7.180

yattvaprakāśaṃ dānamiti, tad dānaviṣayam, idaṃ tu pratigrahaviṣayamityavirodhaḥ | spaṣṭamanyat |
iti dattāpradānikaprakaraṇam | asvāmivikrayo nirūpitaḥ | svāmivikraya ca -

7.181

parīkṣākālāccordhvaṃ krītaṃ vikrītaṃ vā syād yat tadanupahatam | yattu svāyambhuvaṃ - "krītvā vikrīya vā dravyaṃ yasyehānuśayo bhavet | so'ntardaśāhāt tad dravyaṃ dadyāccopādadīta vā ||" iti, tat parīkṣya krīte draṣṭavyam | daśāhādikrameṇa bījādīnāṃ kramaśaḥ parīkṣākālāḥ | daśāho bījānāṃ godhūmādīnām | ekāhaścāyasaḥ | ayograhaṇaṃ sarvatāmrādilakṣaṇārtham | evaṃ vāhyādiṣvapi yojyam | vāhyaṃ balīvardādayaḥ | ratnāni maratakādīni | striyo dāsadyādyāḥ | dohyaṃ gavādi | pumāṃso dāsādayaḥ |
kiñca -

7.182

āvartanāyāgnau kṣiptaṃ suvarṇamakṣīśaṃ, tāvadevetyarthaḥ | rajatādau palaśatād dvipalādikaḥ kṣayaḥ | anena prakāreṇopakṣīśaṃ suvarṇakārādayo na dāpanīyāḥ |
taulikādibhistu vastranirmāṇārthārpite sūtre -

7.183

palaśate daśapalānyaurṇakārpāsikayorvṛddhiḥ sthūle sūtre syāt | madhyame tūktavṛddhitaḥ pañcapalahānyā vṛddhirityarthaḥ | sūkṣme tu tripalā vṛddhiḥ | tathā ca nārado daśapalāṃ vṛddhimūktavāha - "sthūlasūtravatāmeṣāṃ madhyānāṃ pañcakaṃ śatam | tripalaṃ tu susūkṣmāṇāṃ" iti |
asya viśeṣe'pavādaḥ-

7.184

7.185

svadeśotpannaṃ paradeśotpannaṃ cirantanamalpakālikaṃ bhuktamabhuktaṃ durlabhamadurlabhaṃ vetyevaṃ naṣṭe dravye balābalaṃ jñātvā dravyāṇāṃ balābalajñānakuśalā 'yanmūlyaṃ brūyuḥ, tannirvicāraṃ nāśayitāṃ dadyāt | rājñā cādadad dāpyaḥ | evaṃ parīkṣya krīte kreturvyabhicārato rājadaṇḍādiprasaṅgaḥ | na ca vikretā vyabhicarannapi vikrītaṃ prāpnuyāditi sthitam | tathāca svāyambhuvaṃ - "pareṇa tu daśāhasya na dadyānnāpi dāpayet | ādadāno dadaccaiva daṇḍyo rājñā śatāni ṣaṭ ||" iti |
iti krītānuśayaprakaraṇam | athābhyupetyāśuśrūṣāprakaraṇam | asyāpavādārthamāha -

7.186

dāsyakāraṇagṛhajātavādyabhāve balād yo dāsīkṛtaḥ, caurairvā'nyahaste dāsatvena vikrītaḥ, sa moktavyaḥ | nātra kreturdoṣaprasaṅgaḥ | yasyāpi hi dāsatvakāraṇamasti, so'pi hi svāminaṃ prāṇasaṃśayāt svaprāṇatyāga-
niścayāvaṣṭambhena mokṣayitvā dāsyānmucyate | yastu bhaktaḥ bhaktadāsaḥ, sa tatyāgānniṣkrayādvā mucyate| apiśabdāt svāmiprasādādiparigrahaḥ|
evaṃ dāsyānnirmocanaprāptāvayampavādaḥ-

7.187

pravrajya pratinivṛtto rājño dāsaḥ syāt | na cātra svāmiprāṇarakṣaṇenāpi mokṣaḥ | brāhmaṇo'pi ca pravrajyāvasito rājño dāsaḥ syāt prātilomyenāpi | ato'nyatra tu varṇānāmānulomyena dāsyam | yathā ‘mokṣito mahattaścarṇādi’tyevamādau na prātilomyena prayetavyam | smṛtyantarācca dāsatvanimittāni gṛhajatvādīni dāsyanirmocanaprakārāścānveṣyāḥ | sarvathā prātilomyena dāsyābhāva iti sthitam | yatra pāribhāṣikamubhayoranumate dāsyamanyadvā tat tathaiva kartavyam |
yataścaitadevam, ataḥ-

7.188

śilpaśikṣaṇārthaṃ pratipannaśiṣyabhāvo'ntevāsī | sa yadā paribhāṣyeyantaṃ kālaṃ tvadgṛhe mayā śilpavidyāśikṣayā vastavyamityāste, antarāle'pi kṛtavidyaḥ syāt, tadāpi hi kṛtaṃ pāribhāṣikaṃ kālaṃ gurorgṛhe nivaset | guruṇāpi ca tasya bhojanaparidhānādikaṃ deyam | yaccāsau śilpenārjayet , tad gurorevārpayedityavaseyam |
ityabhyupetyāśuśrūṣāprakaraṇam | atha saṃvidvyatikramaprakaraṇam | pāribhāṣikasya cānanyathākaraṇaprasaṅgena bhūyaḥ samayānapākaraṇārthe samūhakriyāmupodghātatvenāha-

7.189

yaduktaṃ - "tatra durgāṇi kurvīta janakośātmavṛddhaye" iti, tadguṇavidhānāyaivāyamārambhaḥ | rājā kṛtvā pure durge sthānaṃ sthalīṃ bhāvikālasaṃrakṣaṇārthaṃ brāhmaṇān nyasya samudāyatvenāvasthāpya traividyam ṛgyajuḥsāmapāragaṃ sadācārabrāhmaṇātmakaṃ vṛttimat kṛtvā brūyāt svadharmaḥ pālyatāmiti | vartanaheturvṛttiḥ, tadyuktaṃ vṛttimad grāmagṛhakṣetrākṣayanidhyādisthāpitamarthaṃ dattvetyarthaḥ | svadharmo varṇāśramadharmasthityavyabhicāraḥ, rājñaścānyathāpravṛttāvupadeśena sanmārgāvatāraṇam | spaṣṭamanyat |
kiñca -

7.190

śrutismṛtyukto nijadharmaḥ, tadavirodhenārthāyanuguṇaḥ, tadanuguṇo vā yo'pi sāmayikaḥ svaparibhāṣākṛto bhaved yathoktamadhyakāhūtānāgamanadaṇḍādikaḥ, so'pi rājñā prayatnena samyag rakṣaṇīyaḥ | kiñca dharmo rājakṛtaśca yaḥ yathaiva svaniveśitasthāne, tathaiva rājāntarakṛtasthānāntareṣvapi brahmaśālāniveśayātrotsavādikaḥ | tathāca nāradaḥ - "yo dharmaḥ karma yaccaiṣāmupasthānavidhiśca yaḥ | yaccaiṣāṃ vṛttyupādānamanumanyeta tat tathā ||" iti | dharmo rājakṛta ityatra punardharmavacanaṃ na rājāntarakṛtatvāt pālanīyam | kiṃ tarhi dharmānuguṇyena dharmata evetyabhiprāyaḥ | tathāca nāradaḥ samūhadharmānupasaṃharannāha - "doṣavat karaṇaṃ yat syādanāmnāyaprakalpitam | pravṛttamapi tad rājā śreyaskāmo nivartayet ||" iti |
pālanavyājena -

7.191

yo gaṇadravyaṃ hared, dharmāvirodhinīṃ saṃvidaṃ paribhāṣāṃ samūhakṛtā laṅghayet, tamapahṛtya sarvasvaṃ rāṣṭrād rājā vipravāsayet | taccāpahṛtya samūhāyaivārpayet | natu svayaṃ gṛhṇīyāt | kṛtveti vacanāt kartaiva rājā na grahīteti gamyate | svāyambhuve'pyevamabhiprāyaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ — “na jātu brāhmaṇaṃ hanyāt sarvapāpeṣvavasthitam | rāṣṭrāt tvenaṃ bahiṣkuryāt samagradhanamakṣatam || iti | ataḥ samūhārpaṇamanavadyam | evamanyatrāpi samūhāthaṃ daṇḍadānādi yojyam |
nanvayaṃ bhinnābhiprāyapuruṣādhīnatvāt samūhadharmo duḥśliṣṭa eva | maivam | kāryāpekṣayaikābhiprāyatvopapatteḥ | kiñca —

7.192

rājñā samūhāyaivetyarthaḥ | mahatā hi prayatnena rājñā samūhadharmaḥ pālanīyaḥ, dharmābhivṛddhyā samūhasya rājopakāritvāt |
yataścaitadevam, ataḥ —
kṣipraṃ kāryāntarāṇi parihāpyāpīti śeṣaḥ |

7.193

nanuca parasvatvāpattiparyantatvād dānasya samūhināṃ ca pratyekaṃ svatvāyo break gyatvād vyatiriktasvatvāpattikṣamasamūhalakṣaṇetvābhāvāt samūhadānamanupapannameva | ataevaca gaṇadravyaṃ prārthyamānā vaktāro bhavanti — nedamadyāpyasmadīyaṃ bhavatīti | tathācartvijāmapi na pariṣadaṃ pratyutsarga iṣyate | ato'yamutsargamātre gauṇo dānavyapadeśa iti kecit | tathāca sati tu samūhadravyaharaṇe na doṣaḥ syād, iṣyate ca, daṇḍadarśanāt | ato vaktavya-
metat | tatrānye paṇḍitammanyāḥ pāṣaṇḍādivad 'dṛṣṭaprayojanānyeva daṇḍādivacanānī'ti varṇayanti | tathāpica dharmārthaḥ samūhadānādivyavahāro'nālambana eva syāt | atrocyate | satyaṃ samudāyināṃ svatvābhāvaḥ | samudāyasya tu svatvasambandhaḥ kena vāryate | yattu vyatiriktaḥ samudāyo netyuktam | tathaiva tat | samudāyina evaikakāryāvacchedenetaretarāpekṣāḥ samudāyatāṃ pratipadyante | śakyate caivamekaikasyetaretarāpekṣasya svatvasaṃbandha iti vaktum| na caivaṃbhūtānāṃ dānacodanā nāsti | gavādīnāmavibhaktadakṣiṇāvacanād anyatra bahūnāmapi dānasaṃbandha iti gamyate| brāhmāṇāya ca dānaṃ coditam| na ca sāpekṣatvena deyamiti | na ceyaṃ svatvābhimānabhrāntiḥ, bādhānupalambhāt | tatraitat syāt | sarvasamudāyyasānnidhāne kathaṃ dānopapattiriti | tadapyasat | grahītṛṇāmitaretarāpekṣāṇāmeva svatvayogāt samayasāmarthyāccartvigyajamānānāmiva śarīrendriyamanaḥsādhāraṇyāt pravasadyājamānavacca samayabalena manaḥsānnidhyācchāstracoditatvācca samūhasthiteṛtvigyajamānasāmyameva | yattu samudāyināmanātmīyatvābhidhānam | tannirapekṣyābhiprāyam | vibhāgavidhānāccartvijāṃ pariṣadaṃ pratyutsargo nyāyāānapekṣatve'pyavyāhata eva | ye tu samudāyidānāsambhavād ṛtvijāṃ dakṣiṇāvibhāgaṃ manyante teṣāmaśvo dakṣiṇetyevamādau dravyaikatvena vibhāgāsambhavānmūlyadānāyogācca duḥśliṣṭataivetyalaṃ prasaṅgena |
imameva nyāyaṃ manasi kṛtvāha --

7.194

śāstranibandhanatvācca samūhasthiteḥ --
smṛtyantarāccatuṣṣaṣṭyādisaṅkhyāyuktāḥ|

7.195

sarvaiḥ samudāyibhiriti śeṣaḥ |
yo'yaṃ brāhmaṇānāṃ samūhavidhiṃruktaḥ —

7.196

karmakarādiśilpisamūhaḥ śreṇiḥ| sārthavāhādisamūho naigamaḥ| guggulikādisamudāyaḥ pāṣaṇḍāḥ | vaṇiksamūho gaṇaḥ, hastyārohādisamūha ityanye | pūgādilakṣaṇārtho vā gaṇaśabdaḥ| tathāca nāradaḥ — "pāṣaṇḍanaigamaśreṇipūgavrātagaṇādiṣu | saṃrakṣet samayaṃ rājā durge janapade tathā ||" iti | naigamaścātra brāhmaṇasamūhaḥ | pūgo grāmeyakādisamūhaḥ | śastrakartṛsamūho vrātaḥ| kiñca bhedaścaiṣāmanyonyaṃ samudāthināṃ vā rājñā rakṣaṇīyaḥ| caśabdādanyasaṅghātarājādivirodhivyavahāraśca | tathāca nāradaḥ — "pratikūlaṃ ca yad rājñaḥ prakṛtyavasaraṃ ca yat | bādhakaṃ ca yadarthānāṃ tat tebhyo vinivartayet || mithaḥ saṅghātakaraṇamahite śastradhāraṇam | parasparopatāpaṃ ca tebhyo rājā nivartayet ||" ityādikān virodhān nṛpaḥ pratikuryāt | pūrvakalpitāṃ ca dharmāvirodhinīṃ vṛttiṃ pālayet | caśabdāt svayaṃ ca vardhayedityabhiprāyaḥ |
iti saṃvidvyatikramaprakaraṇam |
paribhāṣāprasaṅgena svāmikarmakarayoḥ paribhāṣānusārivyavahāravyabhicāre vinayaṃ vaktumāha—

7.197

gṛhītvā vetanaṃ karma tulyaṃ na kuryāt, tato gṛhītavetanò dviguṇamāvahed dadyādityarthaḥ | agṛhīte tu vetane samaṃ yāvat pāribhāṣikaṃ vetanaṃ dattvā karma kāryaṃ kārayitavyam| sarvakarmakaraiścāsavetanairupaskaraḥ samarpito yaḥ karmakaraṇārthaṃ, sa pālanīyaḥ| tathāca nāradaḥ —
“karmopakaraṇaṃ caiṣāṃ kriyāṃ prati yadarpitam | ātmabhāvena tat pālyaṃ na jihyena kathañcana ||” tathā — “karmākurvan pratiśrutya kāryo dattvā bhṛtiṃ balāt | bhṛtiṃ gṛhītvākurvāṇo dviguṇāṃ bhṛtimāvahet ||” iti |
aparibhāṣya vetanaṃ karmaṇi kṛte yadyaparibhāṣitatvavyājena svāmī na kiñcad dātumi cchet, tatra kathamityapekṣita āha —

7.198

svayaṃ ca na dadyāditi śeṣaḥ | aparibhāṣya vāṇijyaṃ pāśupālyaṃ kṛṣiṃ vā yaḥ karoti tasya tadutpannopacayadaśamabhāgabhāktvamityavaseyam |
yathā svāminā nirdiṣṭaḥ karmakaraḥ —

7.199

svāmyuktadeśakālādiviparyayeṇānyathā vā karmaṇi kṛte bhṛtidānaṃ prati svāminaḥ svecchā | vinayātirekācca karmakarairadhike karmaṇi kṛte svāminā svecchayaivādhikaṃ deyamityavaseyam |
asamāptakarmatyāge tu vetanahāniprāptāvapavādaḥ —

7.200

yathecchayetyarthaḥ | svāmyapi śāṭhyenākārayan yathākṛtaṃ vetanaṃ dāpyaḥ smṛtyantarānusārāt |
śāṭhyenaiva ca —

7.201

karmakaravacca svāmyapi —

7.202

prakrāntādisaptamabhāgādikrameṇa tyājakaḥ svāmyapi karmakarebhyo dāpyaḥ | spaṣṭamanyat |
iti vetanādānaprakaraṇam | atha dyūtasamāhvayaprakaraṇam | visaṃvādaprasaṅgenākhilavisaṃvādaikakāraṇabhūtaṃ dyūtasamāhvayavyavahāramāha —

7.203

tuśabdo'vadhāraṇārthaḥ | glatsabhikavṛddhireva sabhikasya, nānyadapi svaparibhāṣitamukhapaṭṭādītyabhiprāyaḥ | galitaṃ nirgalitaṃ yat sabhikahastāt parājitānāṃ devanārthaṃ dravyaṃ, yacca dyūtopakaraṇamakṣādi tad glatsabhikaṃ dravyam | tadarthā vṛddhirglatsabhikavṛddhiḥ | tāṃ sabhiko dyūtasabhāyojako dhūrtamaṇḍalādhipatirgṛhṇīyāt | kiyanti | pañcakaṃ śatam | dhūrtaktivājjetuḥ dyūtopakaraṇanimittam | itarāt parājitāt prayuktasvadravyanimittaṃ daśakaṃ śatamityarthaḥ|| svārthahaitoreva ca rājñā —

7.204

yathākṛtaṃ yathāparibhāṣitaṃ yathā vā smṛtyantare nirūpitamityarthaḥ | tad yathā bṛhaspatau — ‘rājavṛddhiḥ sakitavāt sabhikād daśakaṃ śatam | yathāsamayaṃ vā syād’ iti | kiñca jitaṃ yat kitavaiḥ, tat parājitebhyaḥ sabhika udgrāhayet | jetre ca yena jitaṃ tasmai sabhika eva satyavacano bhūtvāvisaṃvādena kṣamī cānutāpavān punardyādityavaseyam |
yathākṛta eva —

7.205

. kiñca -

7.206

spaṣṭārthau ślokau | nanvetad dyūtaṃ svayambhuvā niṣiddhaṃ"prakāśametat tārskaryaṃ yad devanasamāhvayam " iti | tathā coktaṃ - "pracchannaṃ vā prakāśaṃ vā dyūtaṃ rāṣṭre nivārayed" iti ca | vede'pi "akṣairmā dīvyaḥ" iti pratiṣedhaḥ | satyam | pratiṣedhātikrameṇa pravṛttau śyenādivadayaṃ vidhirityavirodhaḥ | mānavastu daṇḍavidhirdharmavirodhitayā nānāmukhatvene veti |
prayojanāntarāpekṣayā tu -

7.207

ekamukhamekamārgam ekasmin pradeśe rājakīyacārapuruṣādyadhiṣṭhitaṃ taskarādiprajākaṇṭakaparijñānārthamadharmarūpamapi dharmāntaropāyatayā mahate'bhyudayāya sampadyata iti | ataḥ kāryamevetyabhiprāyaḥ | ye vākhilasvadharmatyāgenāpadyapi dyūtaikaniratāḥ tadviṣayatayā svāyambhuve daṇḍādivacanānyavaseyāni | etena pāṣaṇḍādidharmo vyākhyātaḥ | yaścāyamakṣādyaprāṇidevane dyūtākhye vidhiruktaḥ, samāhvayasaṃjñake'pi kukkuṭameṣādibhiḥ sapaṇaprāṇidyūte'yameva vidhirjñeyaḥ sabhikādhīnatvarājavṛddhidānādika ityabhiprāyaḥ |
iti dyūtasamāhvayaprakaraṇam | atha vākpāruṣyaprakaraṇam | prāyeṇa dyūtaprabhavatvād vāgdaṇḍapāruṣyayorvināśakāraṇatvasāmānyādvā dyūtavyavahārānantaramārambhaḥ | tatrāpi daṇḍapāruṣyasyāpi kāraṇabhūtatvād vākpāruṣyameva tāvaducyate -

7.208

hīnāṅgāḥ khañjādayaḥ | hīnendriyāḥ kāṇādayaḥ | kuṣṭhādyabhibhūtā rogiṇaḥ | teṣāṃ yadyanaparādhinomeva cāpalād vidyamānendriyavaikalyādinā
satyenaiva duṣṭyā vācā kṣepaṃ kuryāt, asatyenāpi he kāṇa! ityakāṇamevādhikṣipet | anyathāstotreṇa vā sātiśayastutipadaiḥ prasiddhaṃ mūrkhaṃ he caturvedin, ityevaṃ vadan ardhatrayodaśapaṇān rājāvedane kṛte daṇḍyaḥ| smṛtyantarācca tasyāpi prasādanaṃ kāryam |
rājāvedana eva ca-

7.209

ayaṃ ca saṃvarṇānāṃ samānaguṇānāṃ ca daṇḍakalpaḥ |
guṇavarṇavaiṣamye punaḥ-

7.210

nirūpyeti śeṣaḥ | uktadaṇḍādardhatrayodaśapaṇāvadhikād varṇaguṇādyadhameṣvardhadaṇḍaḥ | dviguṇaṃ ca parastrīṣu | paraśabda utkṛṣṭārthaḥ | parairutkṛṣṭaiḥ guṇato varṇato vā pariṇītāḥ parastriyaḥ, tāsvadhikriṣṭāsu | uttameṣu ca guṇavarṇādibhiḥ puruṣeṣu strīṣu vā | ardhavacanaṃ dviguṇavacanaṃ cobhayamapi yathārhadaṇḍopalakṣaṇārthamityetad darśayati | daṇḍapraṇayanaṃ kāryamiti nyūnatayādhikyena vā yathārhaṃ varṇajātyuttarādharamālocyetyabhiprāyaḥ| jātiśabdaśca janmanimittatvād vayovacanatayā guṇalakṣaṇārtho'vaseyaḥ |
etadevodāharaṇena spaṣṭayati-

7.211

varṇāntyaḥ śūdrāḥ | teṣāṃ pratilomāpavāde brāhmaṇādikrameṇoktadaṇḍasya caturguṇādikalpanam | evaṃ vaiśyakṣatriyānulomāntaraprabhavayorguṇādyutkarṣe'pi yojyam | ānulomyena tu tasmādevārdhahānataḥ uktadaṇḍādardhāpacayena | śūdrāpavāde ardhadaṇḍo vaiśyasya, pādaḥ kṣatriyasya, ardhapādo brāhmaṇasya | evaṃ guṇādyānulomye'pi yojyam |
vadhapratijñayā tu vākpāruṣye -

7.212

7.213

vāṅmātreṇāpi vadataḥ kartumaśaktasya daśapaṇo daṇḍaḥ | śaktastu prāguktadaṇḍaṃ dāpyaḥ | trāsāpanodanāya ca samartha kṣemāya pratibhuvaṃ dāpyaḥ |
brahmahā goghno vā tvamityevamādike kṣepe -

7.214

tathā -

7.215

nṛpagrahaṇamācāryapitṛśrotriyādīnāmapi upalakṣaṇārtham | pūgaśabdaścātra gaṇamātravacanaḥ | tataśca jātipūgānāṃ jātimastorage gaṇānjātimatāṃ gaṇānāṃ kṣatriyādisamudāyānāmityarthaḥ | spaṣṭamanyat |
iti vākpāruṣyaprakaraṇam |
atha daṇḍapāruṣyaprakaraṇam | vākpāruṣyapūrvakatvād daṇḍapāruṣyasyānantaramārambhaḥ | pāṇyādinābhighātādikaṃ daṇḍapāruṣyam | tatra nirjane'bhihatya na mayāyamabhihata ityevaṃ mithyāvāditve dauṣṭyātiśayādvā kṣatādyātmanaḥ kṛtvā nirdoṣajanādhyārope kathaṃ syādityapekṣita āha -

7.216

asākṣikeḍabhihate kṣatādibhiścihnaistadvyabhicāre vā kūṭacihnakāriduṣṭapuruṣabhayād vyavahāra eva prāguktanyāyena catuṣpādyuktyāgamānusāreṇaiva vidvajjanasamakṣaṃ svayaṃ vā rājñā draṣṭavyaḥ| ayaṃ ca sarvavyavahārapadasādhāraṇaḥ ślokaḥ kāryagauravapratipattyarthamihāmnāta ityavaseyam |
kiñca —

7.217

nānabhidhānāntyānadhyavasāyaḥ kāryaḥ, kiṃ tarhi uktamanuktaṃ vā dvayorguṇādibhiranubandhādibhiśca svarūpamālocya pīḍānusāreṇa sarvatra daṇḍamānakartavyatādhyavasānamityabhiprāyaḥ |
etadevodāharaṇamātratayā prapañcayati —

7.218

medhyatve'pi bhasmakardamadhūliprakṣepaṇe nirdoṣasya kṛte daśapaṇo daṇḍaḥ smṛta ityalpo'pi smaraṇānusārādaviruddha ityavaseyam | amedhyādisparśe tu tato dviguṇaḥ viṃśatipaṇa ityarthaḥ | niṣcyūtagrahaṇaṃ niṣṭhyūtasadaśāmedhyasya pratipattyartham | tathāca mūtrapurīṣādau daṇḍātirekasiddhiḥ |
yaccaitaduktaṃ —

7.219

kṛtavyākhyānametat |
ayaṃ cānyo viśeṣaḥ —

7.220

udgūrṇānipāte prathamasāhaso daṇḍaḥ | prahārāyodgūraṇenaiva visrambheṇābrāhmaṇasya brāhmaṇaśarīrasparśane'rdhadaṇḍaḥ | spaṣṭamanyat |
anutkṛṣṭaviṣayatve tu –

7.221

7.222

7.223

asṛjo lohitasyetyarthaḥ | spaṣṭamanyat |
nikṛṣṭaviṣayatve tu –

7.224

sāmye hi śastrodgūraṇamātra eva madhyamasyoktatvānnikṛṣṭaviṣayametaditi vyākhyeyam | ṛjvanyat |
tathā —

7.225

7.226

kalahāpahṛtādityarthaḥ | etaccābhihatāyaiva deyaṃ rājadaṇḍavyatirekeṇetyavaseyam | tathāca bṛhaspatiḥ —
“daṇḍastvabhihatāyaiva daṇḍapāruṣyakalpitaḥ | hṛte taddviguṇaṃ cānyad rājadaṇḍastato'dhikaḥ ||”
iti | yattu nāradīyaṃ —
“yameva hyativarterankṣete santaṃ janaṃ nṛṣu | sa eva vinayaṃ kuryānna tadvinayabhāṅ nṛpaḥ ||”
iti | etacchūdraviṣayaṃ draṣṭavyam | śūdrāṇāṃ hyutkṛṣṭāparādhe rājārthadaṇḍo na grāhyaḥ | kiṃ tarhi | anāvedya svayamevotkṛṣṭairarthadaṇḍena vinayaḥ kāryaḥ | rājñā tvāvedite vadha eva | tathācānantaramevāha —
“malā hyete manuṣyeṣu dhanameṣāṃ malātmakam | atastān ghātayed rājā nārthadaṇḍena daṇḍayet ||”
iti | spaṣṭamanyat |
kiñca -
yo duḥkhamutpādayet , tena yāvat samyagasyotthānaṃ nirduḥkhatā bhavati, tāvad yo vyayaḥ sa samutthānajo vyayaḥ, sa deyaḥ | cakārād rājāvedanapravṛtyupakṣayaśca | rājñe ca yathodāhṛto daṇḍaḥ | svayaṃ cādadad rājñā dāpyaḥ | spaṣṭamanyat |

7.228

tārikasya sthalanimittarājagrāhyaśulkagrahaṇe brāhmaṇyadarpācca yogyaprātiveśyabrāhmaṇānimantraṇe daśapaṇo daṇḍaḥ | brāhmaṇagrahaṇaṃ ca guṇārthatvāt sarvatraivarṇikārtham | darpakṛtatvāccaivamādeḥ sāhasatvam |
darpeṇaiva ca -

7.229

prātiveśikagṛhāṇāṃ daurātmyāt pāṣāṇādinābhighāte kṛte pañca paṇān dāpyaḥ | tathā bhede'bhighātasantrāsājjāte daśa paṇān dāpyaḥ | chedane tu tadvaidhībhāve kuḍyāvapātane vā viṃśatim | vyayaṃ tu vyāpannasamādhānārthaṃ gṛhiṇe dadyāt sarvatra sāhasikatvāt |
parakīye -

7.230

duḥkhotpādi dravyaṃ kaṇṭakādi | prāṇaharaṃ sarpādi | spaṣṭamanyat |

7.231

7.232

svakīye dvipaṇādimadhyamāntā yathāsthānaṃ daṇḍāḥ, parakīye tu daṇḍo mūlyaṃ ceti yojyam | mahāpaśavo gavādyaḥ | teṣāṃ prāguktaśoṇitaduḥkhotpādādiṣu sthāneṣu dvipaṇādyuktadaṇḍād dviguṇā yathāsthānaṃ daṇḍāḥ kāryāḥ|
ārāmāropitānāṃ saparigrahāṇāṃ -

7.233

7.234

cāturthikāyapanodanasamarthaḥ pippalādivṛkṣo viśrutaḥ | spaṣṭamanyat |
caityādijātānāmeva tu -

7.235

7.236

sāmānyaṃ dravyaṃ dvayoryadanyatareṇa prasabhaṃ prasahyānyataraṃ paribhūyāpahiyate, tat steyamapi prasahya haraṇāt sāhasamiti smṛtaṃ maharṣibhiryasmāt, nasmānna tatra steyadaṇḍaḥ | kiṃ tarhi apahṛtadravyamūlyād dviguṇaḥ sāhasikadaṇḍa ityabhiprāyaḥ | prasahyāpahṛtya nihnave kṛte mūlyāccaturguṇaḥ | sāmānyadravyaharaṇaṃ caudāharaṇārtham | anyadapi yat prasahya steyamanyadvā kriyate, tat sarvaṃ sāhasameva | tathāca nāradaḥ — "sahasā kriyate karma yatkiñcid baladarpitaiḥ | tat sāhasamiti proktaṃ saho balamihocyate ||" iti |
anyenārpi prayoktṛtayā —

7.237

pūrvoktād dviguṇaṃ daṇḍe kārayitā dāpyaḥ | yastvevamuktvā kārayet 'kriyatāmidaṃ yadyatra kaścid virodho bhaviṣyati, tato'hameva nirvahaṇaṃ kariṣyāmī'ti sa coktadviguṇadaṇḍāccaturguṇaṃ daṇḍya ityavaseyam |
sāhasikatvādeva ca —

7.239

spaṣṭārtho ślokau || 238, 239 || tathā —

7.243

etadapi ślokacatuṣṭayaṃ spaṣṭārthameva || 240—243 || prakṣālanārthamarpitaṃ —

7.244

7.245

sarvatra pitāputrādivirodhe'nādeyavyavahāre sākṣiṇo draṣṭāro vā ye syuḥ, sākṣivacanasya lakṣaṇārthatvāt, teṣāṃ dviśato damaḥ | yastu pitāputrādīnāṃ sāntaraḥ viśleṣakaraḥ syāt, tasyāpyaṣṭaśatam | yadvā tayoreva pitāputrayoryaḥ sāntaraḥ syād vyājavyavahartetyarthaḥ | dvayamapyetadavirodhād yuktam |
svābhipretavyavahārasiddhayarthaṃ —

7.246

śāsanagrahaṇaṃ sarvalekhyalakṣaṇārtham | mānāni setikāprasthaprabhṛtīni | spaṣṭamanyat |
jānannapi tu lobhādinā —

7.247

tuśabdaḥ suvarṇamāṇikyādāvatiriktadaṇḍajñāpanārthaḥ |
ajñānād viparyayato vā —

7.248

7.249

aprāptavyavahāro vyavahāreṇāspaṣṭīkṛtaḥ | spaṣṭamanyat |
akūṭenaiva kauśalāt-
etadapi steyadravyasāratāpekṣayā vyavasthāpanīyam | spaṣṭamanyat ||
sādṛśyādinā kreturbhramaṃ cikīrṣuḥ -
hīnaṃ hīnamūlyam | ṛjvanyat |
251 ||
kretuḥ paṇyasvarūpājñatvamabhipretya --

7.252

mṛdādīnāmajātyaṃ jātyamiti kṛtvā vikrīṇannuktaṣoḍaśapaṇādaṣṭaguṇaṃ daṇḍyaḥ | spaṣṭamanyat |
yadi tu samudgakādisthaṃ darśayitvā samudgakāntaraparivartanena karpūrādisāradravyaṃ kṛtrimakaraṇena vā kaścidādhāne vikrayaṃ vā kuryāt, tasyāpi vyājavyavahāriṇaḥ -

7.253

uktārthaḥ ślokaḥ |
kiṃ svalpaivai daṇḍakalpanā | netyāha -

7.254

anirdiṣṭaviṣaye tu dravye mūlyānusāriṇī daṇḍakalpanetyabhiprāyaḥ |
evaṃ tāvat pratyekavyatikrame'nuśāsanamuktam | idānīṃ kārukādīnāṃ sambhūyavyatikrame'nuśāsanamāha —

7.255

sambhūyaikamatyena kāruśilpināṃ sabādhaṃ pīḍākaramanyaśilpijanasya tanniṣpāditadravyasya vā kurvatāṃ kārṣāpaṇasahasraṃ daṇḍaḥ śilpārghasya hānau vṛddhau vā kartavyaḥ | ye hi bhājanādīni dravyāṇi svayameva kṛtvā vikrīṇanti, te śilpinaḥ kāṃsyakārādayaḥ | ye tu parakīyānyeva gṛhādīni niṣpādayanti, te kāravaḥ | teṣāmāgantukaśilpijanasyānavakāśārthaṃ kārayitṛjanārthitātiśayādvā arghasya hāniṃ vṛddhiṃ vā yadā kuryuḥ, tadāyaṃ daṇḍa ityavaseyam |
uktādeva hetoḥ —

7.256

kena tarhyargheṇa paṇyānāṃ vikraya iti | ucyate —
kārya iti śeṣaḥ | yaścāsau rājakulādhiṣṭhitanipuṇavaṇaṅnirūpito divasārghaḥ, tena krītānāṃ punarvikrayaḥ kasmāt, yasmācca —
smṛta iti vacanāllābhenāpi vikrayo dharma iti jñāyate |

7.258

yo yasya paṇyasya sadyaḥ krayavikrayī, sa tasya daśakaṃ pañcakaṃ vā gṛhṇīyādityarthaḥ |
rājñā tu kiṃ yadṛcchayaivāryaḥ sthāpyaḥ | netyāha -

7.259

iti sāhasaprakaraṇam |
krayavikrayaprasaṅgād vikrīyāsampradānamidānīmāha -
yadi datvānyathāmūlyaṃ kretā paṇyaṃ na gṛhṇīyāt, tadā kretureva doṣaḥ | anyathā tu vikreturevetyabhiprāyaḥ |

7.261

mamedaṃ paṇyamarpayetyevaṃ yācitasyāpyanarpayato yastatrāpacayaḥ, sa vikreturevetyuktam | yadi tu rājakṛtād vyāsedhād daivikādvā parjanyādidoṣāt paṇyaṃ doṣavat syāt, tatra yā mūlyahāniḥ, sā vikreturevetyavaseyam |
kretrā tūlasaṅkalitameva hi -

7.262

yastvanyatra kretrā tūlasaṅkalitameva vikrītamapi punarvikrīṇīyād, aduṣṭamiti vā kṛtvā duṣṭamapi, tasya dravyamūlyād dviguṇo daṇḍaḥ | kretuśca dravyamūlyaṃ vā pratyarpaṇīyam | spaṣṭamanyat |
idānīṃ krayavikrayānuśayasya viṣayaṃ pradarśayati -
candragatyādivaśena paṇyānāmardhahānirvṛddhirvā bhavati | taccaivaṃ vijānatā vaṇijā kṣayaṃ vṛddhiṃ vā nirūpyāviroghe sati krītvā vikrīyā vā nānuśaḥ kāryaḥ | kurvato vā paṇṣaḍūlpaṣaṣṭhāgo rājadaṇḍaḥ | spaṣṭamanyat |
vāṇijyaprasaṅgāt sambhūyotthānamāha -

Linked texts (1)

Yājñavalkyasmṛti — Yājñavalkya, Sanskrit