Agnipurana 158: athāṣṭapañcāśadadhikaśatatamo'dhyāyaḥ

158.p1

srāvādyaśaucam

158.p2

puṣkara uvāca

158.1

srāvāśaucaṃ pravakṣyāmi manvādimunisammatam
rātribhirmāsatulyābhirgarbhasrāve tryaheṇa yā

Puṣkara said:
I shall explain the ritual impurity from miscarriage, as agreed upon by sages such as Manu.

158.2

cāturmāsikapātānte daśāhaṃ pañcamāsataḥ
rājanye ca catūrātraṃ vaiśye pañcāhameva ca

At the end of a four-month miscarriage, [impurity lasts four days]; from the fifth month, it is ten days.
For a Kṣatriya it is four nights, and for a Vaiśya it is five days;

158.3

aṣṭāhena tu śūdrasya dvādaśāhādataḥ param
strīṇāṃ viśuddhiruditā snānamātreṇa vai pituḥ

for a Śūdra it is eight days, and beyond this it is twelve days.
Purification is declared for women [in this manner]; for the father it is indeed by a simple bath.

158.4

na snānaṃ hi sapiṇḍe syāttrirātraṃ saptamāṣṭayoḥ
sadyaḥ śaucaṃ sapiṇḍānāmādantajananāttathā

There is no bathing [required] for a sapinda [relative]; in the seventh and eighth [months], it is three nights.
Immediate purity is prescribed for sapindas [upon the death of a child] prior to the eruption of teeth.

158.5

ācūḍādekarātraṃ syādāvratācca trirātrakam
daśarātraṃ bhavedasmānmātāpitrostrirātrakam

Until tonsure, it is one night; until initiation into vows, it is three nights;
after this, it is ten nights; for the mother and father, it is three nights.

158.6

ajātadante tu mṛte kṛtacūḍe'rbhake tathā
prete nyūne tribhirvarṣairmṛte śuddhistu naiśilkī

When a child dies without erupted teeth, or an infant whose tonsure has been performed,
or if the deceased died when under three years of age, purification takes one night.

158.7

dvyaheṇa kṣatriye śuddhistribhirvaiśye mṛte tathā
śuddhiḥ śūdre pañcabhiḥ syāt prāgvivāhād dviṣaṭtvahaḥ

Purification for a Kṣatriya is in two days, and when a Vaiśya dies, in three;
purification for a Śūdra is in five; prior to marriage, it is twelve days.

158.8

yatra trirātraṃ viprāṇāmaśaucaṃ sampradṛśyate
tatra śūdre dvādaśāhaḥ ṣaṇṇava kṣatravaiśyayoḥ

Where three nights of ritual impurity are observed for Brahmins,
there it is twelve days for a Śūdra, and six and nine for a Kṣatriya and a Vaiśya [respectively].

158.9

dvyabde naivāgnisaṃskāro mṛte tannikhaned bhuvi
na codakakriyā tasya nāmni cāpi kṛte sati

When [a child] dies at two years of age, cremation is not performed; one should bury it in the ground;
and there is no rite of water for him, even if the naming rite has been performed.

158.10

jātadantasya vā kāryā syādupanayanāddaśa
ekāhācchuddhyate vipro yo'gnivedasamanvitaḥ

Or it should be performed for one whose teeth have erupted; up to the sacred thread ceremony, it is ten [days].
A Brahmin who is endowed with the sacred fires and the Veda is purified in one day.

158.11

hīne hīnatare caiva tryahaścaturahastathā
pañcāhenāgnihīnastu daśāhādbrāhmaṇavruvaḥ

For one lacking in these and further lacking, it is three days and four days respectively;
one without sacred fires is purified in five days, and a nominal Brahmin in ten days.

158.12

kṣatriyo navasaptāhācchuddhyedvipro guṇairyutaḥ
daśāhāt saguṇo vaiśyo viṃśāhācchūdra eva ca

A Kṣatriya endowed with virtues is purified in nine or seven days, a Brahmin in one,
a virtuous Vaiśya in ten days, and a Śūdra in twenty days.

158.13

daśāhācchuddhyate vipro dvādaśāhena bhūmipaḥ
vaiśyaḥ pañcadaśāhena śūdro māsena śuddhyati

A Brahmin is purified in ten days, a king in twelve days,
a Vaiśya in fifteen days, and a Śūdra is purified in a month.

158.14

guṇotkarṣe daśāhāptau tryahamekāhakaṃ tryahe
ekāhāptau sadyaḥ śaucaṃ sarvatraivaṃ samūhayet

Where ten days apply, through excellence of virtues it is three days; where three days apply, it is one day;
where one day applies, it becomes immediate purity; one should deduce similarly everywhere.

158.15

dāsāntevāsibhṛtakāḥ śiṣyāścaikatra vāsinaḥ
svāmitulyamaśaucaṃ syānmṛte pṛthak pṛthagbhavet

Slaves, resident pupils, hired servants, disciples, and those residing here
have ritual impurity equal to the master's; upon death, each should be separate.

158.16

maraṇādeva kartavyaṃ saṃyogo yasya nāgnibhiḥ
dāhādūrdhvamaśaucaṃ syādyasya vaitāniko vidhiḥ

[Impurity] is to be reckoned from death itself for one who has no connection with the [sacred] fires;
for one who follows the solemn rites of the Veda, ritual impurity begins after cremation.

158.17

sarveṣāmeva varṇānāntribhāgāt sparśanambhavet
tricatuḥpañcadaśabhiḥ spṛśyavarṇāḥ krameṇa tu

For all castes, touching is allowed after a third [of the impurity period has passed];
the castes become touchable after three, four, five, and ten [days] in order.

158.18

caturthe pañcame caiva saptame navame tathā
asthisañcayanaṃ kāryaṃ varṇānāmanupūrvaśaḥ

On the fourth, fifth, seventh, and ninth [day] respectively,
the collection of bones should be performed for the castes in order.

158.19

ahastvadattakanyāsu pradattāsu tryahaṃ bhavet
pakṣiṇī saṃskṛtāsveva svasrādiṣu vidhīyate

In the case of unbetrothed maidens, it is one day; for betrothed ones, it is three days.
A day and two nights is prescribed for married women, sisters, and the like.

158.20

pitṛgotraṃ kumārīṇāṃ vyūḍhānāṃ bhartṛgotratā
jalapradānaṃ pitre ca udvāhe cobhayatra tu

Unmarried girls belong to the lineage of the father; married women belong to the lineage of the husband.
The offering of water is to the father, but at marriage it is to both.

158.21

daśāhopari pitrośca duhiturmaraṇe tryaham
sadyaḥ śaucaṃ sapiṇḍānāṃ pūrvaṃ cūḍākṛterdvija

Upon the death of a daughter after ten days [of life], it is three days for the parents.
Prior to the tonsure rite, O twice-born, there is immediate purity for sapindas.

158.22

ekāhato hyāvivihādūrdhvaṃ hastodakāt tryaham
pakṣiṇī bhrātṛputrasya sapiṇḍānāṃ ca sadyataḥ

[Ritual impurity lasts] for one day prior to marriage, but for three days after the ritual pouring of water on the bride's hand; / for a brother's son it lasts a day and a night with the intervening night or day, and for sapindas [it terminates] immediately.

158.23

daśāhācchuddhyate vipro janmahānau svayoniṣu
ṣadbhistribhirahaikena kṣatraviṭśūdrayoniṣu

A Brahmin is purified after ten days in the event of birth or death among his own kin,

158.24

etajjñeyaṃ sapiṇḍānāṃ vakṣye cānaurasādiṣu
anauraseṣu putreṣu bhāryāsvanyagatāsu ca

This is to be known regarding sapindas; and I shall state [it] regarding non-aurasa sons and others: / in the case of non-aurasa sons, and wives who have gone to another,

158.25

parapūrvāsu ca strīṣu trirātrācchuddhiriṣyate
vṛthāsaṅkarajātānāṃ pravrajyāsu ca tiṣṭhatām

and in the case of women who previously had another husband, purification is prescribed after three nights. / For those born of improper miscegenation, and those residing in the ascetic life,

158.26

ātmanastyāgināñcaiva nivartetodakakriyā
mātraikayā dvipitarau bhrātarāvanyagāminau

and for those who commit suicide, the water-libation rite ceases. / Two brothers with different fathers by one mother, who have gone to another,

158.27

ekāhaḥ sūtake tatra mṛtake tu dvyaho bhavet
sapiṇḍānāmaśaucaṃ hi samānodakatāṃ vade

in that case have [ritual impurity of] one day upon birth, but upon death there would be two days. / Indeed, I shall now declare the ritual impurity of sapindas and samānodakas.

158.28

bāle deśāntarasthe ca pṛthakpiṇḍe ca saṃsthite
savāsā jalamāplutya sadya eva viśuddhyati

When a child, or one residing in a distant country, or a relative offering separate funerary cakes dies, / one becomes purified immediately upon bathing in water together with one's clothes.

158.29

daśāhena sapiṇḍāstu śuddhyanti pretasūtake
trirātreṇa sukulyāstu snānāt śuddhyanti gotriṇaḥ

Sapindas are purified in ten days upon birth or death; / relatives of good family [are purified] in three nights, and clan-members are purified through bathing.

158.30

sapiṇḍatā tu puruṣe saptame vinivartate
samānodakabhāvastu nivartetācaturdaśāt

The status of sapinda ceases in the seventh generation, / but the status of samānodaka ceases up to the fourteenth [generation],

158.31

janmanāmasmṛte vaitat tatparaṃ gotramucyate
vigatantu videśasthaṃ śṛṇuyādyo hyanirdaśam

or when the birth and name are forgotten; beyond that, it is merely called a gotra. / If one hears of a deceased person living abroad before ten days have elapsed,

158.32

yaccheṣaṃ daśarātrasya tāvadevāśucirbhavet
atikrānte daśāhe tu trirātramaśucirbhavet

he remains impure only for whatever is left of the ten nights; / but if the ten days have elapsed, he remains impure for three nights.

158.33

saṃvatsare vyatīte tu spṛṣṭvaivāpo viśuddhyati
mātule pakṣiṇo rātriḥ śiṣyartvigbāndhaveṣu ca

When a year has elapsed, he is purified simply by touching water.

158.34

mṛte jāmātari prete dauhitre bhaginīsute
śyālake tatsute caiva snānamātraṃ vidhīyate

When a son-in-law dies, or a daughter's son, or a sister's son, / or a brother-in-law, or his son, mere bathing is prescribed.

158.35

mātāmahyāṃ tathācārye mṛte mātāmahe tryaham
durbhikṣe rāṣṭrasampāte āgatāyāṃ tathāpadi

Upon the death of a maternal grandmother, or likewise a teacher, or a maternal grandfather, [it lasts] three days. / In a famine, a calamity in the kingdom, or when a sudden disaster has arrived,

158.36

upasargamṛtānāñca dāhe brahmavidāntathā
satrivrati brahmacārisaṅgrāme deśaviplave

at the cremation of those who died of a pestilence, and likewise of knowers of the Veda, / during a sacrifice, an observance, for a student of the Veda, in battle, in the devastation of the land,

158.37

dāne yajñe vivāhe ca sadyaḥ śaucaṃ vidhīyate
vipragonṛpahantṝṇāmanuktaṃ cātmaghātinām

in making a gift, at a sacrifice, and during a marriage, immediate ritual purity is prescribed. / None is declared for the killers of Brahmins, cows, or kings, or for suicides.

158.38

asādhyavyādhiyuktasya svādhyāye cākṣamasya ca
prāyaścittamanujñātamagnitoyapraveśanam

For one afflicted with an incurable disease and unable to perform sacred study, / entering into fire or water is permitted as an expiation.

158.39

apamānāttathā krodhāt snehātparibhavādbhayāt
udbadhya mriyate nārī puruṣo vā kathañcana

If out of insult, anger, attachment, humilation, or fear, / a woman or a man dies by hanging in any way,

158.40

ātmaghātī caikalakṣaṃ vasetsa narake śucau
vṛddhaḥ śrautasmṛterluptaḥ parityajati yastvasūn

such a suicide will dwell for one hundred thousand [years] in a terrifying hell. / An elderly person, whose Vedic and traditional duties have lapsed, who abandons his life,

158.41

trirātraṃ tatra cāśaucaṃ dvitīye cāsthisañcayam
tṛtīye tūdakaṃ kāryaṃ caturthe śrāddhamācaret

in that case there is ritual impurity for three nights, collection of the bones on the second [day], / water offering to be performed on the third, and on the fourth one should perform the ancestral rite.

158.42

vidyudagnihatānāñca tryahaṃ śuddhiḥ sapiṇḍake
pāṣaṇḍāśritā bhartṛghnyo nāśaucodakagāḥ striyaḥ

For those killed by lightning or fire, purification among sapindas takes three days. / Women who have taken refuge in heretical sects or who are husband-slayers are not entitled to rites of ritual impurity or water libations.

158.43

pitṛmātrādipāte tu ārdravāsā hyupoṣitaḥ
atīte'bde prakurvīta pretakāryaṃ yathāvidhi

Upon the demise of one's father, mother, or others, having wet garments and having fasted,

158.44

yaḥ kaścittu haret pretamasapiṇḍe kathañcana
snātvā sacelaḥ spṛṣṭvāgniṃ ghṛtaṃ prāśya viśuddhyati

Whoever carries a deceased person who is not a sapinda in any manner, / having bathed with his clothes on, touched fire, and tasted clarified butter, becomes purified.

158.45

yadyannamatti teṣāntu daśāhenaiva śuddhyati
anadannannamahnyeva na vai tasmin gṛhe vaset

If he eats their food, he is purified only after ten days; / if not eating their food, [he is purified] on that very day, but he must not dwell in that house.

158.46

anāthaṃ vrāhmaṇaṃ pretaṃ ye vahanti dvijātayaḥ
pade pade yajñaphalaṃ śuddhiḥ syāt snānamātrataḥ

Whatever twice-born persons carry a deceased Brahmin who is destitute, / at every step they obtain the fruit of a sacrifice, and purity is attained merely by bathing.

158.47

pretībhūtaṃ dvijaḥ śūdramanugacchestryahācchuciḥ
mṛtasya bāndhavaiḥ sārdhaṃ kṛtvā ca paridevanam

A twice-born person who follows a Śūdra corpse becomes pure after three days, / having made lamentation together with the deceased's relatives.

158.48

varjayettadahorātraṃ dānaśrāddhādi kāmataḥ
śūdrāyāḥ prasavo gehe śūdrasya maraṇaṃ tathā

For that day and night he should intentionally avoid gifts, ancestral rites, and the like. / When there is a birth from a Śūdra woman or the death of a Śūdra in the house,

158.49

bhāṇḍāni tu parityajya tryahādbhūlepataḥ śuciḥ
na vipraṃ sveṣu tiṣṭhatsu mṛtaṃ śūdreṇa nāyayet

having abandoned the earthen vessels, one becomes pure after three days by smearing the ground. / One should not have a deceased Brahmin carried by a Śūdra when his own kin are present.

158.50

nayet pretaṃ snāpitañca pūjitaṃ kusumairdahet
nagnadehaṃ dahen naiva kiñciddehaṃ parityajet

One should carry the corpse, bathe it, and burn it after worshiping it with flowers; / one should not burn the body naked, nor leave behind any part of the body.

158.51

gotrajastu gṛhītvā tu citāṃ cāropayettadā
āhitāgniryathānyāyaṃ dagdhavyastibhiragnibhiḥ

A clan member should then take [the corpse] and raise it onto the pyre. / A maintainer of the sacred fires should be burned with the three fires according to the rule,

158.52

anāhitāgnirekena laukikenāparastathā
asmāt tvamabhijāto'si tvadayaṃ jāyatāṃ punaḥ

and one who is not a maintainer of the sacred fires with one, while another [ordinary person is burned] with the worldly fire: / "From this you were born; may this be born again from you!"

158.53

asau svargāya lokāya sukhāgniṃ pradadetsutaḥ
sakṛtprasiñcantyudakaṃ nāmagotreṇa bāndhavāḥ

For the sake of that heavenly realm, the son should present the auspicious fire. / The relatives pour water once with the name and clan name [of the deceased].

158.54

evaṃ mātāmahācāryapretānāñcodakakriyā
kāmyodakaṃ sakhipretasvasrīyaśvaśrurartvijām

Such is the water rite for a deceased maternal grandfather or teacher. / Water is optionally offered for a deceased friend, a sister's son, mother-in-law, father-in-law, or officiating priests.

158.55

apo naḥ śośucidayaṃ daśāhañca suto'rpayet
brāhmaṇe daśapiṇḍāḥ syuḥ kṣatriye dvādaśa smṛtāḥ

Reciting "apo naḥ śośucad aghaṃ", the son should offer [water] for ten days. / For a Brahmin there should be ten funerary cakes, for a Kṣatriya twelve are prescribed,

158.56

vaiśye pañcadaśa proktāḥ śūdre triṃśat prakīrtitā
putro vā putrikānyo vā piṇḍe dadyācca putravat

for a Vaiśya fifteen are stated, and for a Śūdra thirty are proclaimed. / A son, an appointed daughter, or another should offer the funerary cake like a son.

158.57

vidiśya nimbapatrāṇi niyato dvāri veśmanaḥ
ācamya cāgnimudakaṃ gomayaṃ gaurasarṣapān

Restrained at the doorway of the house, chewing neem leaves, / sipping water, touching fire, water, cow dung, and white mustard seeds,

158.58

praviśeyuḥ samālabhya kṛtvāśmani padaṃ śanaiḥ
akṣāralavaṇānnāḥ syurnirmāṃsā bhūmiśāyinaḥ

they should enter, placing their foot slowly upon a stone. / They should eat food without alkaline or salt, abstain from meat, and sleep on the ground,

158.59

krītalabdhāśanāḥ snātā ādikartā daśāhakṛt
abhāve brahmacārī tu kuryātpiṇḍodakādikam

eating food that is bought or obtained [unasked], having bathed; the primary performer observes the ten days. / In the absence [of a son], a student of the Veda may perform the funerary cake, water offerings, and other rites.

158.60

yathedaṃ śāvamāśaucaṃ sapiṇḍeṣu vidhīyate
janane'pyevamevaṃ syānnipuṇāṃ śuddhimicchatām

Just as this ritual impurity from death is prescribed among sapindas, / so it should be upon a birth for those desiring complete purity.

158.61

sarveṣāṃ śāvamāśaucaṃ mātāpitrośca sūtakam
sūtakaṃ mātureva syādupaspṛśya pitā śuciḥ

For all relatives there is ritual impurity from death, but ritual impurity from birth applies to the mother and father; / ritual impurity from birth [properly] pertains only to the mother; the father is pure upon sipping water.

158.62

putrajanmadine śrāddhaṃ kartavyamiti niścitam
tadahastatpradānārthaṃ gohiraṇyādivāsasām

On the day of a son's birth, an ancestral rite must certainly be performed; / that day is for the purpose of giving gifts of cows, gold, garments, and the like.

158.63

maraṇaṃ maraṇenaiva sūtakaṃ sūtakena tu
ubhayorapi yat pūrvaṃ tenāśaucena śuddhyati

A death overlaps with a death, and a birth with a birth; / one is purified by that ritual impurity which occurred first among the two.

158.64

sūtake mṛtakaṃ cetsyān mṛtake tvatha sūtakam
tatrādhikṛtya mṛtakaṃ śaucaṃ kuryānna sūtakam

If a death occurs during [impurity from] a birth, or a birth during [impurity from] a death, / one should observe ritual purity concerning the death, not the birth.

158.65

samānaṃ laghvaśaucantu prathamena samāpayet
asamānaṃ dvitīyena dharmarājavaco yathā

One should conclude an equal or lighter ritual impurity by the first one;

158.66

śāvāntaḥ śāva āyāte pūrvāśaucena śuddhyati
guruṇā laghu bādhyeta laghunā naiva tadguru

When a death occurs within the period of ritual impurity for a death, one becomes pure by the first ritual impurity. / A lighter [period] is superseded by a heavier one; a heavier one is never [superseded] by a lighter.

158.67

mṛtake sūtake vāpi rātrimadhye'nyadāpatet
taccheṣeṇaiva suddhyeran rātriśeṣe dvyahādhikāt

If another [death] occurs during the night in the case of a death or birth, / they become pure with the remainder of that [period], or by two extra days if it falls at the end of the night.

158.68

prabhāte yadyaśaucaṃ syācchuddheraṃśca tribhirdinaiḥ
ubhayatra daśāhāni kulasyānnaṃ na bhujyate

If ritual impurity arises at dawn, they become pure after three days. / In both cases, for ten days the family's food is not to be eaten.

158.69

dānādi vinivarteta bhojane kṛtvamācaret
ajñāte pātakaṃ nādye bhokturekamaho'nyathā

Gifts and other [acts] cease; the family's food is not to be eaten. / If it is unknown, the eater incurs no sin; otherwise, [ritual impurity lasts] for one day.

158.69.p1

ityāgneye mahāpurāṇe srāvādyaśaucaṃ nāma aṣṭapañcāśadadhikaśatatamo'dhyāyaḥ