[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Purāṇas](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana) › [Garudapurana](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda) › 1.68 # Garudapurana 1.68 Garuḍapurāṇa 1.68 - **Language:** Sanskrit ## Contents - [1.68.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.52) — 1 part ### [1.68.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.1) śrīgaruḍamahāpurāṇam- 68 sūta uvāca / parikṣāṃ vacmiratnānāṃ balo nāmāsuro 'bhavat / indrādyā nirjitāstena vijetuṃ tairna śakyate // > Śrī Garuḍa Mahāpurāṇa — \[Chapter\] 68 > Sūta said: > I shall explain the testing of gems. There was once an asura named Bala; > Indra and the other gods were vanquished by him, and they were unable to defeat him. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.2) varavyājena paśutāṃ yācitaḥ sa surairmakhe / balo dadau sa (sva) paśutāmatisattva surairhataḥ // > Under the guise of a boon, he was begged by the gods in a sacrifice to become their sacrificial animal; > Bala, of immense noble strength, offered his own beast-hood and was slain by the gods. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.3) paśuvatsa viśastastaiḥ svavākyāśaniyantritaḥ / balo lokoparāya devānāṃ hitakāmyayā // > Bound by the thunderbolt of his own word, he was slaughtered by them like a sacrificial beast; > Bala did so for the welfare of the world, out of a desire for the gods' good. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.4) tasya sattvaviśuddhasya viśuddhena ca karmaṇā / kāyasyāvayavāḥ sarve ratnabījatvamāyayuḥ // > Of him whose noble nature was pure, and because of his pure deed, > all the limbs of his body turned into the seeds of gems. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.5) devānāmatha yakṣāṇāṃ siddhānāṃ pavanāśinām / ratnabījaṃsva(jama)yaṃ grāhaḥ sumahānabhavattadā // > Then, among the gods, the yakṣas, the siddhas, and the serpent-eaters, > there arose a great struggle to seize the gem-seeds. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.6) teṣāṃ tu patatāṃ vegādvimānena vihāyasā / yadyatpapāta ratnānāṃ bījaṃ kracana kiñcana // > As they flew swiftly through the sky in celestial chariots, > whatever gem-seed fell anywhere, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.7) mahodadhau sariti vā pavarta kānane 'pi vā / tattadākaratāṃ yātaṃ sthānamādheyagauravāt // > whether into the great ocean, a river, a mountain, or a forest, > that place became a mine \[for that gem\], through the majesty of what had been deposited there. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.8) teṣu rakṣoviṣavyālavyādhighnānyaghahāni ca / prādurbhavanti ratnāni tathaiva viguṇāni ca // > In those places gems manifest—those that destroy rākṣasas, poisons, wild serpents, and diseases, and remove sins, > as well as those that are defective. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.9) vajraṃ muktāmaṇayaḥ sapadmarāgāḥ samarakatāḥ proktāḥ / api cendranīlamaṇivaravaidūryāḥ puṣparāgāśca // > Diamond, pearls, rubies, and emeralds are mentioned, > as well as sapphires, superior cat's-eyes, and topazes, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.10) karketanaṃ sapulakaṃ rudhirākhyasamanvitaṃ tathā sphaṭikam / vidrumamaṇiśca yatnāduddiṣṭaṃ saṃgrahe tajjñaiḥ // > chrysoberyl, garnet, the stone called carnelian, and likewise quartz crystal, > and coral—these have been carefully listed by experts in their compendia. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.11) ākāravarṇau prathamaṃ guṇadoṣau tatphalaṃ parīkṣā ca / mūlyaṃ ca ratnakuśalairvijñeyaṃ sarvaśāstrāṇām // > First the shape and colour, then virtues and flaws, their effects, examination, > and value must be known by those skilled in gems according to all the treatises. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.12) kulagneṣūpajāyante yāni copahate 'hani / dauṣaistānyapiyujyante hīyante guṇasampadā // > Gems that are mined at inauspicious times and on ill-fated days > become afflicted with defects and lose their wealth of virtues. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.13) parīkṣāpariśuddhānāṃ ratnānāṃ pṛthivībhujā / dhāraṇaṃ saṃgraho vāpi kāryaḥ śriyamabhīpsatā // > A king who desires prosperity should wear or collect > gems that have been thoroughly verified through testing. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.14) śāstrajñaḥ kuśalāścāpi ratnabhājaḥ parīkṣakāḥ / ta eva mūlyamātrāyā vettāraḥ parikīrtitāḥ // > Gem testers who know the treatises, are skilled, > and possess gems are celebrated as the only ones who know their true value. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.15) mahā prabhāvaṃ vibudhairyasyamādvajramudāhṛtam / vajrapūrvā parīkṣeyaṃ tato 'smābhiḥ prakīrtyate // > Because diamond is proclaimed by the wise to possess great power, > this examination begins with diamond as expounded by us. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.16) tasyāsthileśo nipapāta yeṣu bhuvaḥ pradeśeṣu kathañcideva / vajrāṇi vajrāyudhanirjigīṣorbhavanti nānākṛtimanti teṣu // > Wherever particles of the bone of that \[asura\], who desired to conquer the wielder of the thunderbolt, happened to fall upon the regions of the earth, > diamonds of diverse forms came to be in those places. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.17) haimamātaṅgasaurāṣṭrāḥ pauṇḍrakāliṅgakosalāḥ / veṇvātaṭāḥ sasauvīrā vajrasyāṣṭa vihārakāḥ // > The Himālayas, Mātaṅga, Saurāṣṭra, Pauṇḍra, Kaliṅga, Kosala, > the banks of the Veṇvā, and Sauvīra: these are the eight birthplaces of diamond. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.18) ātāmrā himaśailajāśca śaśibhā veṇvātaṭīyāḥ smṛtāḥ sauvīre tvasitābjameghasadṛśāstābhrāśca saurāṣṭrajāḥ / kāliṅgāḥ kana kāvadātarucirāḥ pītaprabhāḥ kosale śyāmāḥ puṇḍrabhavā mataṅgaviṣaye nātyantapītaprabhāḥ // > Those originating in the snowy mountains are reddish; those from the banks of the Veṇvā are moon-bright; > those in Sauvīra are like a dark lotus or a cloud; those born in Saurāṣṭra are coppery; > those from Kaliṅga are lustrous and pure like gold; those in Kosala shine yellow; > those born in Puṇḍra are dark; and those in the realm of Mataṅga are not intensely yellow. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.19) atyarthaṃ laghu varṇataśca guṇavatpārśveṣu samyak samaṃrekhābindukalaṅkakākapadakatrāsādibhirvarjitam / loke 'sminparāmāṇumātramapi yadvajraṃ kraciddṛśyate tasmindevasamāśrayo hyavitathastīkṣṇāgradhāraṃ yadi // > If a diamond seen anywhere in this world, even if only the size of an atom, > is exceedingly light, endowed with qualities in colour, perfectly symmetrical on its facets, > free from lines, spots, blemishes, crow's-feet, flaws, and the like, > and has sharp edges and corners, it is truly an abode of the gods. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.20) vajreṣu varṇayuktyā devānāmapi vigrahaḥ proktaḥ / varṇebhyaśca vibhāgaḥ kāryo varṇāśrayādeva // > The forms of the deities are also stated in diamonds according to their colour; > and the classification \[of diamonds\] into castes should be made on the basis of their colour. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.21) haritasitapītapiṅgaśyāmāstāmrāḥ svabhāvato rucirāḥ / harivaruṇaśakrahutavahapitṛpatimarutāṃ svakā varṇāḥ // > Green, white, yellow, reddish-brown, dark, and copper-coloured by nature are lustrous; > they are the respective colours of Hari, Varuṇa, Indra, Agni, Yama, and the Maruts. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.22) viprasya śaṅkhakumudasphaṭikāvadātaḥ syātkṣattriyasya śaśababhruvilocanābhaḥ / vaiśyasya kāntakadalīdalasannikāśaḥ śūdrasya dhautakaravālasamānadīptiḥ // > The brāhmaṇa's \[diamond\] should be white like a conch, a white water-lily, or rock crystal; the kṣatriya's should shine like the eyes of a hare or a mongoose; > the vaiśya's resembles a lovely plantain leaf; the śūdra's has the lustre of a polished sword. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.23) dvau vajravarṇau pṛthivīpatīnāṃ sadbhiḥ pradiṣṭau na tu sārvajanyau / yaḥ syājjavāvidrumabhaṅgaśoṇo yo vā haridrārasannikāśaḥ // > Two colours of diamond are prescribed by the virtuous for rulers of the earth and not for the common people: > that which is red like a broken China rose or coral, and that which resembles turmeric juice. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.24) īśatvātsarvavarṇānāṃ guṇavatsārbavarṇikam / kāmato dhārayedrājā na tvanyo 'nyatkathañcana // > Because he is sovereign over all castes, a king may at will wear > a quality diamond suited to any caste; but another person must never wear that of another caste. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.25) adharottaravṛttayā hi yādṛk syādvarṇasaṅkaraḥ / tataḥ kaṣṭataro vajravarṇānāṃ saṅkaro mataḥ // > Just as confusion of castes arises from inverted courses of conduct, > a confusion of diamond colours is considered even more grievous than that. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.26) na ca mārgavibhāgamātravṛttyā viduṣā vajraparigraho vidheyaḥ / guṇavadguṇasampadāṃ vibhūtirviparīto vyasanodayasya hetuḥ // > A wise man should not acquire a diamond merely by the classification of its type; > a virtuous one brings abundance of blessings, but an adverse one is the cause of the rise of misfortune. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.27) ekamapi yasya śṛṅgaṃ vidalitamavalokyate viśīrṇaṃ vā / guṇavadapi tanna dhāryaṃ vajraṃ śreyo 'rthibhirbhavane // > If even a single point of a diamond is seen to be split or chipped, > even if it has \[other\] good qualities, it must not be kept in the house by those seeking well-being. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.28) sphuṭitāgnivi śīrṇaśṛṅgadeśaṃ malavarṇaiḥ pṛṣatairupetamadhyam / na hi vajrabhṛto 'pi vajramāśu śriyamapyāśrayalālasāṃ na kuryāt // > A diamond whose points are cracked or broken, or whose centre is filled with dirty-coloured specks, > would quickly deprive even the wielder of the thunderbolt of his fortune, despite his longing to retain it. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.29) yasyaikadeśaḥ kṣatajāvabhāso yadvā bhavellohitavarṇacitram / na tanna kuryāddhriyamāṇamāśu svacchandamṛtyorapi jīvitāntam // > A diamond of which one part resembles blood, or which is variegated with red, > would not fail, when worn, quickly to put an end to the life even of one who dies only at his own will. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.30) koṭyaḥ pārśvani dhārāśca ṣaḍaṣṭau dvādaśeti ca / uttuṅgasamatīkṣṇāgrāḥ vajrasyākarajā guṇāḥ // > Six corners, eight facets, and twelve edges, > prominent, symmetrical, and sharp-pointed, are the native virtues of a diamond. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.31) ṣaṭkoṭi śudvamamalaṃ sphuṭatīkṣṇadhāraṃ varṇānvitaṃ laghu supārśvamapetadoṣam / indrāyudhāṃśuvisṛticchuritāntarikṣamevaṃvidhaṃ bhuvi bhavetsulabhaṃ na vajram // > Endowed with six points, pure, spotless, with clear, sharp edges, rich in colour, light, with good facets, and free from defects, > such a diamond, streaking the sky with rainbow rays, is not easily obtained on earth. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.32) tīkṣṇāgraṃ vimalamapetasarvadoṣaṃ dhatte yaḥ prayatatanuḥ sadaiva vajram / vṛddhistaṃ pratidinameti yāvadāyuḥ strīsampatsutadhanadhānyagodaśūnām // > Whoever, with a restrained body, constantly wears a diamond that is sharp-pointed, spotless, and free from all defects, > experiences daily increase in women, prosperity, sons, wealth, grain, cattle, and horses as long as he lives. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.33) vyālavahniviṣavyāghrataskarāmbubhayāni ca / dūrāttasya nivartante karmāṇyātharvaṇāni ca // > Fears of serpents, fire, poison, tigers, thieves, and water, > as well as hostile spells from the Atharvaveda, turn away from him from afar. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.34) yadi vajramapetasarvadoṣaṃ bibhṛyāttaṇḍulaviṃśatiṃ gurutve / maṇiśāstravido vadanti tasya dviguṇaṃ rūpakalakṣamagramūlyam // > If a diamond free from all flaws should weigh twenty rice-grains, > experts in gemology state its highest price to be two hundred thousand coins. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.35) tribhāgahīnārdhatadardhaśeṣaṃ trayodaśaṃ triṃśadator'ddhabhāgāḥ / aśītibhāgo 'tha śatāṃśabhāgaḥ sahasrabhāgo 'lpasamānayogaḥ // > Less by a third, half, the remainder of half, a thirteenth, a thirtieth, then half-shares; > an eightieth share, then a hundredth share, a thousandth share—such is the proportion for smaller \[diamonds\]. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.36) yattaṇḍulairdvādaśabhiḥ kṛtasya vajrasya mūlyaṃ prathamaṃ pradiṣṭam / dvābhyāṃ kramādvānimupāgatasya tvekāvamānasya viniścayo 'yam // > The value which was initially stated for a diamond weighing twelve rice-grains > is reduced successively by twos, or determined for a reduction by one. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.37) na cāpi taṇḍulaireva vajrāṇāṃ dharaṇakramaḥ / aṣṭābhiḥ sarṣapairgairaistaṃṇḍulaṃ parikalpayet // > Moreover, the system of weighing diamonds is not based solely on grains of rice: > one should reckon one rice-grain as eight white mustard seeds. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.38) yattu sarvaguṇairyuktaṃ vajraṃ tarati vāriṇi / ratnavarge samaste 'pi tasya dhāraṇamiṣyate // > A diamond that is endowed with all virtues and floats on water > is desired for wearing above all classes of gems. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.39) alpenāpi hi doṣeṇa lakṣyālakṣyeṇa dvaṣitam / sva (sa) mūlyāddaśamaṃ bhāgaṃ vajraṃ labhati mānavaḥ // > Even by a slight flaw, whether visible or invisible, if it is impaired, / a man receives a tenth part of its proper price for a diamond. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.40) prakaṭānekadoṣasya svalpasya mahato 'pi vā / sva (su) mūlyācchataśo bhāgo vajrasya na vidhīyate // > For one that has many obvious flaws, whether it is small or large, / not even a hundredth part of its proper price is ordained for the diamond. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.41) spaṣṭadoṣamalaṅkāre vajraṃ yadyapi dṛśyate / ratnānāṃ parikarmārthaṃ mūlyaṃ tasya bhavellaghu // > Even if a diamond seen in an ornament has an evident flaw, / its price becomes small, serving only to frame other gems. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.42) prathamaṃ guṇasampadābhyupetaṃ pratibaddhaṃ samupaiti yacca doṣam / alamābharaṇena tasya rājño guṇahīno 'pi maṇirna bhūṣaṇāya // > And that which, originally endowed with an abundance of virtues, acquires a flaw when set, / away with such an ornament for the king! Even a gem devoid of virtues does not serve as an ornament. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.43) nāryā vajramadhāryaṃ guṇavadapi sutaprasūtimicchantyā / anyatra dīrghācipiṭatryaśrādyaguṇairviyuktācca // > A diamond should not be worn by a woman wishing to give birth to a son, even if virtuous, / except one devoid of the defects of being elongated, flattened, triangular, and the like. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.44](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.44) ayasā puṣparāgeṇa tathā gomedakena ca / vaidūryasphaṭikābhyāṃ ca kācaiścāpi pṛthagvidhaiḥ // > With iron, with topaz, and also with hessonite, / with cat's-eye and rock crystal, and also with various kinds of glass, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.45](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.45) pratirūpāṇi kurvanti vajrasya kuśalā janāḥ / parīkṣā teṣu kartavyā vidvadbhiḥ suparīkṣakaiḥ // > skilful persons make imitations of diamond. / An examination of them should be performed by the wise who are proficient testers. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.46](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.46) kṣārollekhanaśāṇābhisteṣāṃ kāryaṃ parīkṣaṇam / pṛthivyāṃ yāni ratnāni ye cānye lohadhātavaḥ // > An examination of them must be carried out by means of alkali, scratching, and touchstone. / Whatever gems are upon the earth, and whatever other metallic elements, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.47) sarvāṇi vilikhedvajraṃ tacca tairna vilikhyate / gurutā sarvaratnānāṃ gauravādhārakāraṇam // > the diamond scratches them all, but it is not scratched by them. / Heaviness is the ground for respect in the case of all \[other\] gems; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.48) vajre tāṃ vaiparītyena sūrayaḥ paricakṣate / jātirajātiṃ vilikhati jātiṃ vilikhanti vajrakuruvindāḥ // > in the diamond, the wise declare it to be the contrary. / A genuine gem scratches a non-genuine one; diamond and corundum scratch genuine ones. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.49) vajrairvajraṃ vilikhati nānyena vilikhyate vajram / vajrāṇi muktāmaṇayo ye ca kecana jātayaḥ // > Diamonds scratch diamond; a diamond is not scratched by anything else. / In diamonds, pearls, and whichever are genuine stones, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.50) na teṣāṃ pratibaddhānāṃ bhā bhavatyūrdhvagāminī / tiryak kṣatatvātkeṣāñcitkathañcidyadi jāyate / tiryagvilikhyamānānāṃ sā (sa) pārśveṣu vihanyate // > their brilliance does not ascend upward when they are mounted. / If somehow it arises because of some transverse cut, / when they are scratched transversely, it is destroyed on the sides. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.51](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.51) yadyapi viśīrṇakoṭiḥ sabindurekhānvito vivarṇo vā / tadapi dhanadhānyaputrānkaroti sendrāyudho vajraḥ // > Even if it has a broken point, or is accompanied by spots and lines, or is discoloured, / a diamond that possesses the rainbow nevertheless brings wealth, grain, and sons. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.52) saudā minīvisphuritābhirāmaṃ rājā yathoktaṃ kaliśaṃ dadhānaḥ / parākramākrāntaparapratāpaḥ samastasāmantabhuvaṃ bhunakti // > A king wearing such a diamond as described, lovely with the flashes of lightning, / having overcome the valour of enemies by his prowess, enjoys the territory of all feudatories. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.68.52.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68.52.p1) iti śrīgāruḍe mahāpurāṇe pūrvakhaṇḍe prathamāṃśākhye ācārakāṇḍe ratnatadviśeṣavajraparīkṣaṇādivarṇanaṃ nāmāṣṭaṣaṣṭitamo 'dhyāyaḥ > Thus ends the sixty-eighth chapter, named ‘Description of the Examination of Gems, Their Specifics, and Diamonds,’ in the Ācārakāṇḍa, designated as the first section of the Pūrvakhaṇḍa, in the glorious Garuḍa Mahāpurāṇa. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.68.1) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (2) - [Padmapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.6.6.24) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Lakṣaṇaprakāśa (Mitramiśra)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.laksanaprakasa.1.p327.2) — Mitramiśra, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.68) · Pramāṇa