[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Purāṇas](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana) › [Garudapurana](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda) › 2.22 # Garudapurana 2.22 Garuḍapurāṇa 2.22 - **Language:** Sanskrit ## Contents - [2.22.78](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.78) — 1 part ### [2.22.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.1) śrīgaruḍamahāpurāṇam- 22 garuḍa uvāca / sambhavanti kathaṃ pretāḥ kena teṣāṃ gatirbhavet / kīdṛkteṣāṃ bhavedrūpaṃ bhojanaṃ kiṃ bhavetprabho // > Garuḍa Purāṇa, Chapter 22 > Garuḍa said: > How do ghosts arise? By what means do they obtain their path? > What is their form, and what is their food, O Lord? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.2) suprītāste kathaṃ pretāḥ kva tiṣṭhanti sureśvara / prasannaḥ kṛpayā deva praśramenaṃ vadasva me // > How do those ghosts become well pleased, and where do they dwell, O Lord of gods? > Being pleased, O Lord, kindly explain this question to me. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.3) śrībhagavānuvāca / pāpakarmaratā ye vai pūrvakarmavaśānugāḥ / jāyante te mṛtāḥ pretāstāñchṛṇuṣva vadāmyaham // > The Holy Lord said: > Those engaged in sinful acts, subject to the power of past deeds, > are born as ghosts upon death; hear of them, and I shall tell. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.4) vāpīkūpataḍāgāṃśca ārāmaṃ suramandiram / prapāṃ sadma suvṛkṣāṃśca tathā bhojanaśālikāḥ // > Stepwells, wells, and ponds, a grove, a shrine to the gods, > a water-station, a dwelling, noble trees, and also dining halls, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.5) pitṛpaitāmahaṃ dharmaṃ kikrīṇāti sa pāpabhāk / mṛtaḥ pretatvamāpnoti yāvadābhūtasaṃplavam // > and ancestral dharma—the sinner who sells these, > upon dying, attains ghosthood until the dissolution of all beings. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.6) gocaraṃ grāmasīmāṃ taḍāgārāmagahvaram / karṣayanti ca ye lobhātpretāste vai bhavanti hi // > Pasture land, the boundary of a village, a pond, a grove, or a cavern— > those who plow these out of greed indeed become ghosts. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.7) caṇḍālādudakātsarpādbrāhmaṇādbaidyutāgnitaḥ / daṃṣṭribhyaśca paśubhyaśca maraṇaṃ pāpakarmiṇām // > Death through an outcaste, water, a snake, a brāhmaṇa, lightning fire, > fangs, and wild beasts happens to doers of sinful deeds. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.8) udbandhanamṛtā ye ca viṣaśastrahatāśca ye / ātmopaghātino ye ca viṣūcyādihatāstathā // > Those who die of hanging, those killed by poison or weapons, > those who commit suicide, and those killed by cholera and the like, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.9) mahārogairmṛtā ye ca pāparogaiśca dasyubhiḥ / asaṃskṛtapramītā ye vihitācāravarjitāḥ // > those who die of severe diseases, of diseases of sin, or by robbers, > those who die without funeral rites, abandoned by prescribed practices, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.10) vṛṣotsargādiluptāścaluptamāsikapiṇḍakāḥ / yasyānayati śūdrogniṃ tṛṇakāṣṭhahavīṃṣi saḥ // > those deprived of the release of a bull and the rest, those lacking monthly rice-balls, > and one for whom a śūdra brings fire, grass, wood, or clarified butter, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.11) patanātparvatānāṃ ca bhittipātena ye mṛtāḥ / rajasvalādidoṣaiśca na ca bhūmau matāśca ye // > those who die from falling off mountains or the collapse of a wall, > those afflicted by the defects of a menstruating woman, and those who did not die upon the ground, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.12) antarikṣe mṛtā ye ca viṣṇusmaraṇavarjitāḥ / sūtakaiḥ śvādisaṃparkaiḥ pretabhāvā iha kṣitau // > those who die in mid-air, deprived of remembering Viṣṇu, > and those touched by birth-impurities or contact with dogs, exist as ghosts on this earth. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.13) evamādibhiranyaiśca kumṛtyuvaśagāśca ye / te sarve pretayonisthā vicaranti marusthale // > Those who fall under the power of a bad death through these and other causes, > all of them, abiding in the ghost-womb, wander in a desert. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.14) mātaraṃ bhaginīṃ bhāryāṃ snuṣāṃ duhitaraṃ tathā / adṛṣṭadoṣāṃ tyajati sa preto jāyatedhruvam // > He who abandons his mother, sister, wife, daughter-in-law, or daughter > though seeing no fault in her, is surely born as a ghost. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.15) bhrātṛdhrugbrahmahā goghnaḥ surāpo gurutalpagaḥ / hemakṣaumaharastārkṣya sa vai pretatvamāpnuyāt // > A betrayer of a brother, a killer of a brāhmaṇa, a cow-killer, a liquor-drinker, a violator of the teacher's bed, > and a stealer of gold and silk, O Tārkṣya, attains ghosthood. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.16) nyāsāpahartā mitradhruk paradāraratastathā / viśvāsaghātī krūrastu sa preto jāyate dhruvam // > A misappropriator of a trust, a betrayer of a friend, one devoted to another's wife, > a breaker of trust, and a cruel man—he is surely born as a ghost. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.17) kulamārgāṃśca santyajya paradharmaratastathā / vidyāvṛttavihīnaśca sa preto jāyatedhruvam // > One who abandons the ways of his family and is devoted to the dharma of another, > and one devoid of learning and good conduct—he is surely born as a ghost. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.18) atraivodāharantīmamitihāsaṃ purātanam / yudhiṣṭhirasya saṃvādaṃ bhīṣmeṇa saha suvrata / tadahaṃ kathayiṣyāmi yacchrutvā saukhyamāpnuyāt // > In this very connection they cite this ancient history, > the conversation of Yudhiṣṭhira with Bhīṣma, O you of noble vows; > that I shall tell, hearing which one attains happiness. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.19) yudhiṣṭhira uvāca / kena karmavipākena pretatvamupajāyate / kena vā mucyate kasmāttanme brūhi pitāmaha / yacchrutvā na punarmohamevaṃ yāsyā mi suvrata // > Yudhiṣṭhira said: > By what ripening of deeds does ghosthood arise, > or by what is one freed, and from what? Tell me that, O Grandfather, > hearing which, O you of noble vows, I shall not fall into delusion again. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.20) bhīṣma uvāca / yenaiva jāyate preto yenaiva sa vimucyate / prāpnoti narakaṃ ghoraṃ dustaraṃ daivatairapi // > Bhīṣma said: > \[I shall tell\] by which deed one is born a ghost, by which he is freed, > and how he reaches the terrible hell hard to cross even for gods. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.21) satataṃ śravaṇādyasya puṇyaśravaṇakīrtanāt / mānavā vipramucyante āpannāḥ pretayoniṣu // > Through constantly hearing this, through hearing and reciting holy things, > men who have fallen into the womb of ghosts are fully liberated. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.22) śrūyate hi purā vatsa brāhmaṇaḥ śaṃsitavrataḥ / nāmnā santaptakaḥ khyāta stapor'the vanamāśritaḥ // > For it is heard, O dear one, that in ancient times a brāhmaṇa of praised vows, > known by the name Santaptaka, retreated to the forest for austerity. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.23) svādhyāyayukto homena yo (yā) gayukto dayānvitaḥ / yajansa sakalānyajñānyuktyā kālaṃ ca vikṣipan // > Engaged in sacred study, with burnt offerings, devoted to sacrifice, endowed with compassion, > performing all sacrifices, he spent his time with proper method, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.24) brahāmacaryasamāyukto yuktastapasi mārdave / paralokabhayopetaḥ satyaśaucaiśca nirmalaḥ // > endowed with celibate studenthood, intent on austerity and gentleness, > possessed of fear of the next world, and stainless through truth and purity, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.25) yukto 'hi guruvākyena yuktaścātithipūjane / ātmayoge sadodyuktaḥ sarvadvandvavivarjitaḥ // > dedicated to his teacher's word, intent on honoring guests, > ever striving in the discipline of the Self, free from all pairs of opposites, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.26) yogābhyāse sadā yuktaḥ saṃsāravijigīṣayā / evaṃvṛttaḥ sadācāro mokṣakāṅkṣī jitendriyaḥ // > ever intent on the practice of yoga out of a desire to overcome worldly existence, > of such conduct, observing virtuous conduct, longing for liberation, having conquered the senses. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.27) bahūnyabdāni vijane vane tasya gatāni vai / tasya buddhistato jātā tīrthānugamanaṃ prati // > Many years passed for him in that desolate forest; > then the thought arose in him to go on a pilgrimage. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.28) puṇyaistīrthajalaireva śoṣayiṣye kalevaram / sa tīrthetvaritaṃ snātvā tapasvī bhāskarodaye / kṛtajāpyanamaskāro hyadhvānaṃ pratyapadyata // > ‘Only with the holy waters of pilgrimage shall I emaciate this body.’ > Having quickly bathed in a sacred water at sunrise, that ascetic, > having performed his prayers and salutations, set out upon the road. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.29) ekasmindivase vipro mārgabhraṣṭo mahātapāḥ / dadarśādhvani gacchansa pañca pretān sudāruṇān // > One day, having strayed from the path, that brāhmaṇa of great austerity > saw five very terrifying ghosts while traveling on the road. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.30) araṇye nirjane deśe saṃkaṭe vṛkṣavarjite / pañcaitānvikṛtākārāndṛṣṭvā vai ghoradarśanān / īṣatsantrastahṛdayo 'tiṣṭhadunmīlya locane // > In a desolate, narrow place in the wilderness, devoid of trees, > having seen these five of deformed appearance and terrible sight, > with his heart slightly terrified, he stood with his eyes wide open. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.31) avalambya tato dhairyaṃ bhayamutsṛjya dūrataḥ / papraccha madhurābhāṣī ke yūyaṃ vikṛtānanāḥ // > Then, having summoned his courage and cast fear far away, > speaking sweetly, he asked: 'Who are you of deformed faces?' > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.32) kiñcāśubhaṃ kṛtaṃ karma yena prāptāḥ stha vaikṛtam / kathaṃ vā caikataḥ karma prasthitāḥ kutra niścitam // > And what inauspicious deed was done by which you attained this deformity? / Or how is your karma united \[here\], and where are you bound, with certainty? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.33) pretarāja uvāca / svaiḥ svaistu karmabhiḥ prāptaṃ pretatvaṃ hi dvijottama / paradroharatāḥ sarve pāpamṛtyuvaśaṃ gatāḥ // > The king of pretas said: / 'Indeed, by our own respective actions has the state of a preta been attained, O best of the twice-born! / Delighting in malice against others, we have all fallen under the power of an evil death. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.34) kṣutpipāsārditā nityaṃ pretatvaṃ samupāgatāḥ / hatavākyā hataśrīkā hata saṃjñā vicetasaḥ // > Constantly afflicted by hunger and thirst, we have arrived at the condition of pretas, / with speech lost, fortune lost, consciousness lost, and destitute of mind. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.35) na jānīmo diśaṃ tāta vidiśaṃ cātiduḥ khitāḥ / kva nu gacchāmahe mūḍhāḥ piśācāḥ karmajā vayam // > We know neither the cardinal directions nor the intermediate quarters, O dear one, intensely distressed. / Where indeed can we go, bewildered piśācas born of karma? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.36) na mātā na pitāsmākaṃ pretatvaṃ karmabhiḥ svakaiḥ / prāptāḥ sma sahasā jātaduḥ khodvegasamākulam // > We have neither mother nor father; by our own deeds the state of a preta, / filled with suddenly arisen sorrow and agitation, has been attained by us. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.37) darśanena ca te brahmanmuditāpyāyitā vayam / muhūrtantiṣṭha vakṣyāmi vṛttāntaṃ sarvamāditaḥ // > And by your sight, O brāhmaṇa, we are gladdened and refreshed. / Wait for a moment; I shall narrate our whole account from the beginning. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.38) ahaṃ paryuṣito nāma eṣa sūcīmukhastathā / śīghrago rogha (ha) kaścaiva pañcamo lekhakaḥ smatṛtaḥ // > I am named Paryuṣita; so too is this one Sūcīmukha; / Śīghraga, and Rodhaka, and the fifth is known as Lekhaka. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.39) evaṃ nāmnā ca sarve vai saṃprāptāḥ pretatāṃ vayam / brāhmaṇa uvāca / pretānāṃ karmajātānāṃ kathaṃ vai nāmasambhavaḥ / kiñcitkāraṇamudiśya yena brūyāḥ svanāmakān // > Thus named, all of us have indeed attained the state of pretas.' / The brāhmaṇa said: / 'For pretas born of karma, how indeed does the origin of names arise? / Explain your names, indicating whatever cause \[is behind them\].' > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.40) pretarāja uvāca / mayā svādu sadā bhuktaṃ dattaṃ paryuṣitaṃ dvija // > The king of pretas said: / 'Delicious \[food\] was always eaten by me, but stale food was given away, O twice-born. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.41) śīghraṃ gacchati vipreṇa yācitaḥ kṣudhitena vai / etatkāraṇamuddiśya nāma paryuṣitaṃ mama // > \[And when\] begged by a hungry brāhmaṇa, I would walk away swiftly. / Referring to this cause, my name is Paryuṣita. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.42) śīghraṃ gacchati vipreṇa yācitaḥ kṣudhitena vai / etatkāraṇamuddiśya śīghrago 'yaṃ dvijottama // > He would walk away swiftly when begged by a hungry brāhmaṇa; / referring to this cause, O best of the twice-born, this one is Śīghraga. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.43) sūcitā bahavo 'nena viprā annādhikāṅkṣayā / etatkāraṇamuddiśya eṣa sūcimukhaḥ smṛtaḥ // > Many brāhmaṇas who longed for food were denounced by him; / referring to this cause, he is known as Sūcimukha. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.44](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.44) ekākī miṣṭamaśrāti poṣyavargamṛte sadā / brāhmaṇānāmabhāvena rodha (ha) kastena cocyate // > Alone, he would always eat sweets to the exclusion of his dependents, / in the absence of brāhmaṇas; therefore he is called Rodhaka. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.45](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.45) purāyaṃ maunamāsthāya yācito vilikhedbhuvam / tena karmavipākena lekhako nāma cocyate // > Formerly, taking a vow of silence when begged, this one would scratch the ground; / by that ripening of karma, he is called by the name Lekhaka. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.46](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.46) pretatvaṃ karmabhāvena prāptaṃ nāmāni ca dvija / meṣānano lekhako 'yaṃ rodha (ha) kaḥ parvatānanaḥ // > The state of pretas and our names were attained through the nature of our deeds, O twice-born: / this Lekhaka has the face of a ram; Rodhaka has a face like a mountain; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.47) śīghragaḥ puśuvaktraśca sūcakaḥ sūcivaktravān / duḥkhitā nitarāṃ svaminpaśya rūpaviparyayam // > Śīghraga has the face of a beast, and Sūcaka has a needle-like face. / We are utterly wretched, O master; behold this reversal of our form! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.48) kṛtvā māyāmayaṃ rūpaṃ vicarāmo mahītale / sarve ca vikṛtākārā lamboṣṭhā vikṛtānanāḥ // > Having assumed an illusory form, we wander upon the surface of the earth, / all of deformed shape, with pendulous lips and deformed faces. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.49) bṛhaccharīriṇo raudrā jātāḥ svenaiva karmaṇā / etatte sarvamākhyātaṃ pretatve kāraṇaṃ mayā // > Possessing huge bodies, terrifying, we have become thus solely through our own actions. / All this cause for the state of a preta has been told to you by me. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.50) jñānino 'pi vayaṃ sarve jātāḥ sma tava darśanāt / yatra te śravaṇe śraddhā tatpṛccha kathayāmi te // > Even we have become endowed with knowledge from the sight of you. / Whatever you have faith to hear, ask about that; I shall tell you.' > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.51](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.51) brāhmaṇa uvāca / ye jīvā bhuvi jīvanti sarve 'pyāhāramūlakāḥ / yuṣmākamapicāhāraṃ śrotumicchāmi tattvataḥ // > The brāhmaṇa said: / 'Whatever living beings live in the world are all rooted in food. / I desire to hear truthfully about your food as well.' > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.52) pretā ūcuḥ / yadi te śravaṇe śraddhā āhārāṇāṃ dvijottama / asmākaṃ tu mahībhāga śṛṇutvaṃ susamāhitaḥ // > The pretas said: / 'If you have faith to hear of our food, O best of the twice-born, / then, O highly fortunate one, listen with complete composure!' > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.53) brāhmaṇa uvāca / kathayantu mahāpretā āhāraṃ ca pṛthakpṛthak / ityuktāṃ brāhmaṇenemamūcuḥ pretāḥ pṛthakapṛthak // > The brāhmaṇa said: / 'Let the great pretas speak of their food, each one separately.' / Addressed thus by the brāhmaṇa, the pretas spoke to him each separately: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.54](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.54) pretā ūcuḥ / śṛṇu cāhāramasmākaṃ sarvasattbavigarhitam / yacchrutvā garhase brahman bhūyobhūyaśca garhitam // > The pretas said: / 'Hear of our food, reviled by all beings, / hearing which, O brāhmaṇa, you will revile again and again as utterly vile! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.55](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.55) śleṣmamūtrapurīṣotthaṃ śarīrāṇāṃ malaiḥ saha / ucchiṣṭaiścaiva cānyaiśca pretānāṃ bhojanaṃ bhavet // > Phlegm, urine, and faeces, together with the impurities of bodies, / along with leftover food and other such things, become the sustenance of pretas. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.56](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.56) gṛhāṇi cāpyaśaucāni prakīrṇopaskarāṇi ca / malināni prasūtāni pretā bhuñjanti tatra vai // > And houses that are impure, with household items scattered about, / dirty and \[defiled by\] childbirth—there indeed do the pretas eat. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.57](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.57) nāsti satyaṃ gṛhe yatra na śaucaṃ na ca saṃyamaḥ / patitairdasyubhiḥ saṅgaḥ pretā bhuñjanti tatra vai // > Where there is no truth in a house, no cleanliness, nor self-restraint, / and association with outcasts and robbers—there indeed do the pretas eat. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.58](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.58) balimantravihīnāni homahīnāni yāni ca / svādhyāya vratahīnāni pretā bhuñjanti tatra vai // > Those \[houses\] that are devoid of bali offerings and mantras, devoid of fire oblations, / and devoid of Vedic study and religious observances—there indeed do the pretas eat. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.59](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.59) na lajjā na ca maryādā yadātra strījito gṛhī / guravo yatra pūjyā na pretā bhuñjanti tatra vai // > Where there is neither shame nor propriety, when the householder is dominated by his wife, / and where elders are not respected—there indeed do the pretas eat. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.60](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.60) yatra lobhastathā krodho nidrā śoko bhayaṃ madaḥ / ālasyaṃ kalaho nityaṃ pretā bhuñjanti tatra vai // > Where there is greed, anger, sleep, grief, fear, arrogance, / indolence, and perpetual strife—there indeed do the pretas eat. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.61](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.61) bhartṛhīnā ca yā nārī paravīryaṃ niṣevate / bījaṃ mūtrasamāyurkta pretā bhuñjanti tattu vai // > And a woman who, having no husband, enjoys the seed of another man: / the semen mingled with urine—that indeed do the pretas eat. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.62](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.62) lajjā me jāyate tāta vadato bhojanaṃ svakam / yatstrīrajo yonigataṃ pretā bhuñjanti tattu vai // > Shame arises in me, O dear one, as I describe our own food: / the menstrual blood of a woman residing in the womb—that indeed do the pretas eat. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.63](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.63) nirviṇṇāḥ pretabhāvena pṛcchāmi tvāṃ dṛḍhavrata / yathā na bhavitā pretastanme vada tapodhana / nityaṃ mṛtyurvaraṃ jantoḥ pretatvaṃ mā bhavetkvacit // > Despondent with the state of a preta, I ask you, O man of firm observances: / tell me, O ascetic, how one will not become a preta! / Constant death is better for a creature, \[provided\] the state of a preta should never befall him!' > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.64](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.64) brāhmaṇa uvāca / upavāsaparo nityaṃ kṛcchracāndrāyaṇe rataḥ / vrataiśca vividhaiḥ pūto na preto jāyate naraḥ // > The brāhmaṇa said: / 'A man constantly devoted to fasting, intent on kṛcchra and cāndrāyaṇa penances, / and purified by various religious observances, does not become a preta. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.65](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.65) ekādaśyāṃ vrataṃ kurvañjāgareṇa samanvitam / aparaiḥ sukṛtaiḥ pūto na preto na preto jāyate naraḥ // > One who performs the religious observance on the eleventh day accompanied by an all-night vigil, / purified by other virtuous deeds, does not become a preta, does not become a preta. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.66](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.66) iṣṭvā vai vāśvamedhādīndadyāddānāni yo naraḥ / ārāmodyānavāpyādeḥ prapāyāścaiva kārakaḥ // > The man who, having sacrificed with horse-sacrifices and the like, gives gifts, / and who constructs groves, parks, ponds, and the like, as well as a water-station; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.67](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.67) kumārīṃ brāhmaṇānāṃ tu vivāhayati śaktitaḥ / vidyādo 'bhayadaścaiva na preto jāyate naraḥ // > who gives a maiden of the brāhmaṇas in marriage according to his ability, / who gives knowledge, and gives protection from fear—that man does not become a preta. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.68](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.68) śūdrānnena tu bhuktena jaṭharasthena yo mṛtaḥ / durmṛtyunā mṛto yaśca sa preto jāyate naraḥ // > However, one who dies with food from a śūdra eaten and remaining in his belly, / and one who dies by an unnatural death—that man becomes a preta. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.69](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.69) ayājyayājakaścaiva yājyānāṃ ca vivarjakaḥ / kārubhiśca rato nityaṃ sa preto jāyate naraḥ // > One who officiates for those unfit to be sacrificed for, and one who abandons those fit to be sacrificed for, / and one who constantly delights in artisans—that man becomes a preta. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.70](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.70) kṛtvā madyapasamparkaṃ madyapastrīniṣevaṇam / ajñānādbhakṣayanmāṃsaṃ sa preto jāyate naraḥ // > Having made contact with wine-drinkers, enjoying the women of wine-drinkers, / or eating meat out of ignorance—that man becomes a preta. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.71](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.71) devadravyaṃ ca brahmasvaṃ gurudravyaṃ tathaiva ca / kanyāṃ dadāti śulkena sa preto jāyate naraḥ // > \[Stealing\] property of the gods, property of a brāhmaṇa, and likewise property of a teacher, / or one who gives a daughter for a bride-price—that man becomes a preta. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.72](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.72) mātaraṃ bhaginīṃ bhāryāṃ snuṣāṃ duhitaraṃ tathāḥ / adṛṣṭadoṣāstyajati sa preto jādṛ // > One who abandons his mother, sister, wife, daughter-in-law, or daughter, / without any fault being seen—he \[becomes a preta\]. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.73](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.73) nyāsāpahartā mitradhrukparadārarataḥ sadā / viśvāsaghātī kūṭaśca sa predṛ // > One who steals a deposit, injures a friend, is ever intent on another's wife, / betrays trust, and is deceitful—he \[becomes a preta\]. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.74](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.74) bhrātṛdhrugbrahmahā goghnaḥ surāpo gurutalpagaḥ / kulamārgaṃ parityajya hyanṛtoktau sadā rataḥ / hartā hemnaśca bhūmeśca sa predṛ // > One who injures a brother, a slayer of a brāhmaṇa, a cow-killer, a drinker of liquor, one who violates the bed of a guru, / one who abandons the family path and is ever devoted to speaking untruth, / and a stealer of gold and land—he \[becomes a preta\].' > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.75](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.75) bhīṣma uvāca / evaṃ bruvati vai vipre ākāśe dundubhisvanaḥ / apatatpuṣpavarṣaṃ ca devarmuktaṃ dvijopari // > Bhīṣma said: / While the brāhmaṇa was speaking thus, a sound of kettledrums resounded in the sky, / and a shower of flowers released by the gods fell upon the twice-born. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.76](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.76) pañca devavimānāni pretānāmāgatāni vai / svargaṃ gatā vimānaiste divyaiḥ saṃpṛcchya taṃ munim // > Five celestial chariots of the gods arrived for the pretas; / taking leave of that sage, they went to heaven in those divine celestial chariots. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.77](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.77) jñānaṃ viprasya sambhāṣātpuṇyasaṃkīrtanena ca / pretāḥ pāpavinirmuktāḥ paraṃ padamavāpnuyuḥ // > Through conversation with the brāhmaṇa and through the recitation of holy knowledge, > the ghosts, freed from sin, could attain the supreme state. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.78](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.78) sūta uvāca / idamākhyānakaṃ śrutvā kampito 'śvatthapatravat / mānuṣāṇāṃ hitārthāya garuḍaḥ pṛṣṭavānpunaḥ // > Sūta said: > Having heard this narrative, trembling like an aśvattha leaf, > Garuḍa asked again for the benefit of human beings. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [2.22.78.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22.78.p1) iti śrīgāruḍe mahāpurāṇe uttarakhaṇḍe dvitīyāṃśe dharmakāṇḍe pretakalpe bhīṣma yudhiṣṭhirasaṃvāde pretatvotpattitanmuktipeñcapretopākhyāna nirūpaṇaṃ nāma dvāviṃśo 'dhyāyaḥ > Thus ends the twenty-second chapter, named 'The Explanation of the Origin of Ghosthood, Freedom from It, and the Story of the Five Ghosts', in the conversation between Bhīṣma and Yudhiṣṭhira, in the Pretakalpa of the ritual section, in the second part of the Uttarakhaṇḍa in the glorious Garuḍa Purāṇa. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.2.22.1) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (3) - [Varṣakriyākaumudī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.kala.varsakrtya.varsakriyakaumudi.5.p341) — Govindānanda Kavikaṅkaṇa 1510, Sanskrit - [Gūḍhārthadīpikā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.nirnaya.gudharthadipika.2.p531) — Vāmadeva, Sanskrit - [Śūdrācāraśiromaṇi](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.acara.sudradharma.sudracarasiromani.6.p29.3) — Kṛṣṇaśeṣa 1520, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.2.22) · Pramāṇa