[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Purāṇas](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana) › [Garuḍapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda) › [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt) › 1.205 # Garudapurana 1.205 English (machine translation) 1.205 - **Language:** English ## Contents - [1.205.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.26) — 1 part ### [1.205.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.1) Garuḍa Mahāpurāṇa, chapter 205. Kumāra said: Now I shall explain grammar in brief, O Kātyāyana, / for discerning correct words, as a cause for awakening understanding in the young. ### [1.205.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.2) A word is known as ending in sup or tiṅ; sup has seven case-endings. / Su, au, jas are called the first \[nominative\]; it occurs in the sense of the nominal base, ### [1.205.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.3) in the vocative, in gender and so forth, and when the object or the agent is expressed. / A nominal base is that which is meaningful and devoid of verbal roots and affixes. ### [1.205.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.4) Am, auṭ, śas are the second \[accusative\]; and the object is that which is performed. / The second is taught in \[the sense of\] the object, and when conjoined with antarā or antareṇa. ### [1.205.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.5) Ṭā, bhyām, bhis are the third \[instrumental\], taught for the instrument and the agent. / That by which \[an act\] is done is the instrument; the agent is he who acts. ### [1.205.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.6) Ṅe, bhyām, bhyas are the fourth \[dative\], in the case-relation of the recipient; / toward whom there is a desire to give, who owes, or who is pleased, is the recipient. ### [1.205.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.7) Ṅasi, bhyām, bhyas are the fifth \[ablative\], in the case-relation of the point of departure: / from which something departs, from which one takes, receives, or from which there is fear. ### [1.205.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.8) Ṅas, os, ām are the sixth \[genitive\], primarily in the relationship of owner \[and owned\]. / Ṅi, os, sup are indeed the seventh \[locative\], and it occurs in \[the sense of\] the locus. ### [1.205.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.9) And the locus is the substrate. By the usage of \[verbs meaning\] protecting, / that which is desired and that which is undesired is remembered as the point of departure. ### [1.205.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.10) The fifth occurs in connection with pari, apa, āṅ, itara, ṛte, anya, and words denoting direction. / In connection with ena, the second occurs, and with karmapravacanīyas. ### [1.205.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.11) Abhi is \[used\] in the sense of pervasion, a particular state, or a sign; pari and prati in the sense of a portion; / anu in these and in the sense of association; and anu and upa are spoken of in the sense of inferiority. ### [1.205.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.12) The second and fourth occur for the object of motion when physical action is meant, / if inanimate. Two case-endings occur for the object of \[the verb\] man when contempt is shown. ### [1.205.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.13) The fourth is stated in conjunction with namaḥ, svasti, svadhā, svāhā, alam, and vaṣaṭ; / and also in the sense of 'for the sake of that', from a word expressing an abstract noun with the sense of the infinitive \[-tum\]. ### [1.205.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.14) The third occurs in connection with saha, for a defective limb, and for a qualifying characteristic. / The seventh occurs in \[the sense of\] time and condition, and the sixth also in connection with these. ### [1.205.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.15) With \[words such as\] svāmin, īśvara, adhipati, sākṣin, dāyāda, and prasūta. / In selection \[from a group\], two cases \[genitive and locative\] occur; the sixth is used when a cause is expressed. ### [1.205.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.16) Likewise for the object of verbs of remembering, in the effort of the verb kṛ, / in the usage of words meaning injury, and with primary noun affixes (kṛt) for the object and the agent. ### [1.205.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.17) The sixth does not apply to the agent and the object with the two niṣṭhā affixes, \[nor\] in the nominal base. / The nominal base is of two kinds: the noun and likewise the verbal root. ### [1.205.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.18) After verbal roots beginning with bhū, tiṅ replaces l; ten lakāras are remembered. / Tip, tas, jhi are the third person; the middle \[second person\] is sip, thas, tha; the first person ### [1.205.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.19) is mip, vas, mas for parasmaipada; and for the ātmanepada verbs: / ta, ātām, jha are the third person; the middle is thās, āthām, dhvam; and the first person ### [1.205.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.20) are the substitutes iṭ, vahi, mahi from the root, and then after affixes such as ṇic. / Even when a noun is being employed, the third person is used. ### [1.205.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.21) The second person is taught with yuṣmad; the first person is with asmad. / The roots are said to begin with bhū, and then end with san and so forth. ### [1.205.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.22) Laṭ is taught in the present, and with sma in the past, after a verbal root. / In the non-recent past is laṅ; or loṭ in benediction, after a verbal root. ### [1.205.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.23) Loṭ is approved in injunction and the like; it is to be expressed in deliberation, / invitation, direction, inquiry, request, and likewise benediction. ### [1.205.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.24) Liṅ is used in the past unperceived; liṭ is in the past; lṛṭ is in the future. / It occurs similarly in the non-recent \[past, namely luṅ\], but in the future \[lṛṭ\] from a verbal root. ### [1.205.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.25) Lṛṅ is from a root when an action fails to materialize; leṭ is proclaimed in the sense of liṅ. / The primary suffixes (kṛt) operate in all three: in the abstract action, the object, and the agent. ### [1.205.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.26) Similar are tavyat, anīyar, ṇyat, yat, and affixes beginning with tṛc. ### [1.205.26.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205.26.p1) Thus ends the two hundred and fifth chapter, entitled 'Exposition of Grammar', in the section on conduct, within the first part of the first section of the glorious Garuḍa Mahāpurāṇa. ## Linked texts (1) - [Garuḍapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.205.1) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.205) · Pramāṇa