[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Purāṇas](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana) › [Garuḍapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda) › [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt) › 1.213 # Garudapurana 1.213 English (machine translation) 1.213 - **Language:** English ## Contents - [1.213.159](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.159) — 1 part ### [1.213.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.1) The venerable Garuḍa Mahāpurāṇa — 213 / Sūta said: / O Śaunaka, as Brahmā, having heard it from Hari, spoke to Vyāsa, / so I shall tell you the conduct of brāhmaṇas and the others, which bestows everything. ### [1.213.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.2) Having understood the Śruti and Smṛti, one should perform Vedic rites. / If a Vedic rite is not specified, one should then perform a Smṛti rite. ### [1.213.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.3) If incapable of doing even that, the wise man should follow the conduct of the virtuous. / For the Śruti and Smṛti are the two eyes of brāhmaṇas for perceiving religious duties. ### [1.213.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.4) Supreme dharma is that taught in the Śruti; that found in the Smṛti texts is another; / that obtained through the conduct of the virtuous is another: these are the three eternal dharmas. ### [1.213.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.5) Truth, charity, compassion, freedom from greed, learning, sacrifice, worship, and self-restraint: / these eight purifiers are the characteristic of the conduct of the virtuous. ### [1.213.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.6) The bodies and senses of the ancients were composed of light; / they are not tainted by sin, like a lotus leaf by water. ### [1.213.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.7) The duties and conduct of the castes, based primarily on their settlements, are proclaimed: / truth, sacrifice, austerity, and charity—this is the mark of dharma. ### [1.213.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.8) Not taking what is not given, charity, study, silent recitation, / learning, wealth, austerity, purity, birth in a good family, and freedom from disease; ### [1.213.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.9) And the cause of severance from transmigration proceeds solely from dharma. / From dharma comes happiness and knowledge, and through knowledge liberation is attained. ### [1.213.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.10) Sacrifice, study, and charity according to scripture are declared / to be the eternal, common dharma of the brāhmaṇa, kṣatriya, and vaiśya. ### [1.213.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.11) Officiating at sacrifices and teaching when pure, and receiving gifts from the pure: / the sages declared these three livelihoods for the highest caste. ### [1.213.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.12) Living by weapons and protecting beings are the livelihood of the king. / Cattle-rearing, agriculture, and trade are remembered as the livelihood of the vaiśya. ### [1.213.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.13) Service to the twice-born in descending order is for the śūdra. / Living with the guru, tending the sacred fire, and Vedic recitation are for the celibate student. ### [1.213.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.14) Bathing thrice, bathing \[the teacher\], begging food, remaining with the guru until the end of life, / wearing a girdle, matted hair, carrying a staff, or shaven-headed, taking refuge in the guru; ### [1.213.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.15) Tending the Agnihotra fire, earning a livelihood through one's own duties, / and engaging in sexual union with one's lawful wife except on forbidden days; ### [1.213.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.16) Arranging worship and the like for the gods, ancestors, and guests, / and remaining steadfast in the meaning of the Śruti and Smṛti—this is the duty of the householder. ### [1.213.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.17) Wearing matted hair, maintaining the Agnihotra fire, sleeping on the ground, wearing animal hides, / dwelling in the forest, and subsisting on milk, roots, wild grain, and fruits; ### [1.213.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.18) Abstaining from forbidden things, bathing thrice daily, observing religious vows, / and worshiping deities and guests—this is the duty of the forest-dweller. ### [1.213.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.19) Abandoning all undertakings, living on begged food, dwelling at the roots of trees, / freedom from possessions, harmlessness, and equanimity toward all creatures; ### [1.213.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.20) Impartiality amid the embrace of pleasant and unpleasant, and happiness and sorrow; / inner and outer purity, restraint of speech, and devotion to meditation; ### [1.213.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.21) Withdrawing all senses, constancy in concentration and meditation, / and purity of disposition—this is declared to be the duty of the wandering mendicant. ### [1.213.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.22) Harmlessness, truthful speech, truthfulness, purity, forgiveness, and compassion / are declared to be the common duty of members of the castes and religious orders alike. ### [1.213.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.23) Those who act as prescribed all reach the highest destination. / I shall now tell you the householder's duty from waking until sleeping. ### [1.213.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.24) One should wake in the hour of Brahman and reflect upon dharma and wealth, / the bodily afflictions arising from them, and the essential meaning of the Vedas. ### [1.213.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.25) Having risen at the end of night, purified oneself, and concentrated one's mind, / having bathed, one should attend to the twilight worship at all times without slackness. ### [1.213.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.26) One should perform the morning twilight worship after brushing the teeth. / By day, one should pass urine and feces facing north; ### [1.213.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.27) And at night one should do so facing south, and during both twilights as by day. / In shade, in darkness, at night, or by day, a twice-born, ### [1.213.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.28) may face whatever direction he must when there is danger to life or fear; / \[never\] on cow-dung, charcoal, an ant-hill, a ploughed field, or an auspicious place; ### [1.213.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.29) Nor should one pass urine and feces on a path or in shades used by others. / From within water, from a temple, from an ant-hill, from a mouse-hole, ### [1.213.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.30) from earth left over from another's purification, and from a cremation ground, one must avoid taking clay. / One should apply clay once to the penis, and twice to the left hand; ### [1.213.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.31) And two \[applications\] must be given to both hands: this is declared as the purification after urination. / One to the penis, three to the anus, and ten to the left hand; ### [1.213.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.32) Five to each foot, ten to one, and seven portions of clay to the hands. / The first portion of clay is remembered to be the measure of half a handful; ### [1.213.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.33) The second and third are declared to be half of that. / But one who is unable to pass stool and urine while sitting down, ### [1.213.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.34) he should always perform half the cleansing of his normal purification. / At night, half of the daytime purification is prescribed, or else one-quarter. ### [1.213.35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.35) A healthy man should perform as prescribed; a sick man may do so according to his strength. / Muscle fat, semen, blood, marrow, saliva, feces, urine, and earwax: ### [1.213.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.36) Phlegm, tears, eye-rheum, and sweat: these are the twelve impurities of men. / One should perform purification until one considers oneself clean. ### [1.213.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.37) The measure of purification is not determined merely by prescribed numbers. / Purification is declared to be of two kinds: external as well as internal. ### [1.213.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.38) External \[purification\] is traditionally taught as performed with clay and water, and internal \[purification\] as purity of intent. / First one should sip water three times, and then wipe the mouth twice. ### [1.213.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.39) Having wiped \[it\] with the base of the thumb, one should touch the mouth with three \[fingers\]; / immediately afterward, the nose with the thumb and the forefinger; ### [1.213.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.40) the eyes and ears repeatedly with the thumb and ring finger; / the navel with the little finger and thumb; and the chest with the palm; ### [1.213.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.41) the head with all \[fingers\]; and afterward touch the two arms with the tips \[of the fingers\]. / Reciting the Ṛc, Yajus, and Sāman \[mantras\] thrice, one should gratify \[the deities\] in order. ### [1.213.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.42) First he wipes twice the Atharvan and Aṅgiras, then easily \[gratifies\] / the Itihāsas, Purāṇas, and Vedāṅgas in due order: ### [1.213.43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.43) \[gratifying\] space in the mouth, wind in the two nostrils, the sun in the two eyes, the quarters in the two ears; / then one should touch the knot of the breath, the navel, and Brahmā at the heart; ### [1.213.44](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.44) touching Rudra on the head, one then pleases the sages at the topknot; / and on the arms: Yama, Indra, Varuṇa, Kubera, the Earth, and Fire. ### [1.213.45](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.45) Sprinkling the two feet, \[one pleases\] Viṣṇu; on the two hands, Indra and Viṣṇu; / on the joints of the fingers, Fire, Wind, the Sun, the Moon, and the Mountains; ### [1.213.46](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.46) and the Gaṅgā and other rivers upon the lines running across the palms. / When the dawn has arrived, having performed purification properly according to the rules, ### [1.213.47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.47) one should then take a bath preceded by brushing the teeth. / When the mouth remains unwashed, a man is always impure; ### [1.213.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.48) therefore, with every effort, one should indeed brush the teeth. / Kadamba, bilva, khadira, karavīra, vaṭa, arjuna, ### [1.213.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.49) yūthī, bṛhatī, jātī, karañja, arka, atimuktaka, / jambū, madhūka, apāmārga, śirīṣa, udumbara, asana, ### [1.213.50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.50) milky and thorny trees, and the like, are praised for tooth-brushing; / astringent, bitter, and pungent ones bestow wealth, health, and happiness. ### [1.213.51](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.51) Having washed \[the tooth-stick\], used it, and discarded it in a clean place, one should then sip water. / On the new moon, the sixth day, the ninth day, and the first day \[of a lunar fortnight\], ### [1.213.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.52) as well as on Sunday, one should avoid the tooth-stick. / In the absence of a tooth-stick, and likewise on a forbidden lunar day, ### [1.213.53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.53) one should cleanse the mouth with twelve mouthfuls of water. / They praise the morning bath as producing visible and invisible benefits and being wholesome. ### [1.213.54](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.54) One who bathes in the morning, whose self is purified, is eligible for all \[rites\], recitation, and the like. / The body is extremely impure, endowed with nine openings; ### [1.213.55](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.55) it discharges \[filth\] day and night; the morning bath is its purifier. / It produces clarity of mind, increases beauty and good fortune, ### [1.213.56](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.56) and allays sorrow and grief; one should perform it like a bath in the Gaṅgā: / "Today, under the Hasta asterism, on the tenth day of the bright half of Jyeṣṭha, ### [1.213.57](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.57) which removes ten sins: the taint of not giving charity, / improper conduct, violence, resorting to another's wife, ### [1.213.58](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.58) harshness, falsehood, malicious gossip, incoherent chatter, / coveting another’s property, and harbouring ill intent in the mind— ### [1.213.59](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.59) to destroy these ten sins, I take a bath in the Gaṅgā." / The morning bath is brief for the forest hermit and the householder; ### [1.213.60](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.60) for the ascetic, bathing is at the three junctures of the day; for the celibate student, it is once. / Having sipped water and invoked the sacred ford, one should bathe while remembering the imperishable Hari. ### [1.213.61](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.61) Thirty million rākṣasas, known by the name Mandehas, / wicked in nature, desire to devour the rising sun. ### [1.213.62](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.62) He who does not perform worship at twilight slays the sun; / \[the performers\] burn them with water purified by mantras, which takes the form of fire. ### [1.213.63](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.63) The junction of day and night is indeed the twilight. / Twilight lasts two nāḍikās, as long as \[the stars or sun\] remain visible. ### [1.213.64](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.64) At the conclusion of the twilight rites, one should perform the fire offering oneself; / the fruit of an offering made by oneself is not produced through another. ### [1.213.65](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.65) An officiating priest, a son, a guru, a brother, a nephew, or a son-in-law: / whatever is offered by these is considered offered by oneself indeed. ### [1.213.66](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.66) Brahmā is the Gārhapatya fire; the Three-Eyed \[Rudra\] is the Dakṣiṇa fire; / Viṣṇu is the Āhavanīya fire; Kumāra is called the true \[Sabhya fire\]. ### [1.213.67](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.67) Having performed the fire offering at the proper time, one should then recite the solar mantras; / with a concentrated mind, \[one should recite\] the Sāvitrī and the praṇava as prescribed. ### [1.213.68](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.68) For one constantly devoted to the praṇava, to the seven sacred utterances, / and to the three-footed Sāvitrī, there is no fear anywhere. ### [1.213.69](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.69) The man who, rising at dawn, constantly recites the Gāyatrī / is not stained by sin, just as a lotus leaf is not moistened by water. ### [1.213.70](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.70) She is described as white in complexion, dressed in silken garments, / holding a rosary, seated on a lotus, and auspicious. ### [1.213.71](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.71) Having invoked her according to the rule with the Yajus formula beginning "Thou art brilliance", / this Yajus was formerly \[perceived\] by the gods who sought a vision \[of her\]. ### [1.213.72](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.72) Dwelling within the orb of the sun and also residing in the world of Brahmā, / having invoked her there and recited \[the prayer\], one should dismiss her with a salutation. ### [1.213.73](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.73) In the forenoon itself, one should perform the worship of the deities; / there is no deity higher than Viṣṇu, therefore one should always worship him. ### [1.213.74](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.74) The wise person should not view Brahmā, Viṣṇu, and Śiva as separate deities. / In this world there are eight auspicious things: a brāhmaṇa, a cow, fire, ### [1.213.75](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.75) gold, clarified butter, the sun, water, and the king as the eighth; / one should constantly look upon these, venerate them, and circumambulate them. ### [1.213.76](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.76) First studying the Veda, then reflecting upon it, repeatedly practising it, reciting it, / and imparting it to pupils: the study of the Veda is indeed fivefold. ### [1.213.77](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.77) He who, having had texts on the meaning of the Veda, sacrificial treatises, and treatises on dharma / transcribed for payment, donates them, attains the Vedic realm. ### [1.213.78](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.78) He who, having transcribed the Itihāsas and Purāṇas, gives them away, / obtains merit equal to the gift of the Veda, doubled. ### [1.213.79](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.79) And in the third part \[of the day, one should engage in\] the acquisition of wealth for the group of dependants: / mother, father, guru, brother, offspring, the destitute, those who rely on one, ### [1.213.80](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.80) a visitor, a guest, and the sacred fire are declared to be the group of dependants. / Maintaining the group of dependants is praised as the means to achieve heaven. ### [1.213.81](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.81) Therefore, one should maintain the group of dependants with effort. / That one excellent man lives, upon whom many depend for their livelihood; ### [1.213.82](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.82) other men who merely fill their own bellies are dead while still alive; / even a dog is capable of filling its own belly. ### [1.213.83](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.83) From wealth, moreover, grown large and collected here and there, / all undertakings proceed, just as rivers from mountains. ### [1.213.84](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.84) The earth, which is a mine of all jewels, grains, cattle, and women— / because of their suitability for purpose, each is designated as 'wealth' (artha). ### [1.213.85](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.85) Without harming living beings at all, or else with very little harm, / adopting that livelihood, a brahmin should live in times free from distress. ### [1.213.86](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.86) Wealth is to be known as threefold: white, speckled, / and black; its division is to be understood as separately sevenfold. ### [1.213.87](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.87) Acquired by succession, given out of love, and obtained along with a wife— / this is the threefold wealth common to all castes without distinction. ### [1.213.88](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.88) The specific wealth of a brahmin is seen to have three characteristics: / constantly \[earned\] by officiating at sacrifices and teaching, and gifts received from pure persons. ### [1.213.89](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.89) They declare a threefold specific wealth for the kṣatriya as well: / that which is gained through taxes for pure governance, that acquired through fines, and likewise that produced by victory. ### [1.213.90](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.90) The specific wealth of a vaiśya is also seen to be distinctive: / agriculture, cattle-rearing, and trade; while that of a śūdra is from the favour of these \[three castes\]. ### [1.213.91](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.91) One may undertake usury, agriculture, and trade in person in an emergency; / in a time of distress, a twice-born performing \[them\] himself is not joined with sin. ### [1.213.92](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.92) Many means of livelihood have been proclaimed by the sages; / yet of all of them, they consider usury to be superior. ### [1.213.93](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.93) From drought, fear of the king, or calamities caused by mice and the like, / an obstruction may arise in agriculture and other pursuits, but it does not exist in usury. ### [1.213.94](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.94) During the bright fortnight as well as the dark, by night or by day, / in heat, rain, or cold, the increase \[of interest\] does not cease. ### [1.213.95](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.95) Whatever profit comes to those who have gone abroad, living by various wares, / that same \[profit\] arises for one who practises usury properly, merely while staying in place. ### [1.213.96](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.96) Having obtained gain, he should worship the ancestors, the gods, and brahmins; / they, being satisfied, quell the fault in it; there is no doubt. ### [1.213.97](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.97) A merchant who gives interest \[or\] clothing, cattle, gold, and the like, / and a farmer who gives food, drink, vehicles, beds, and seats, ### [1.213.98](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.98) Giving twenty \[parts\] to kings, \[from\] a hundred cattle, gold, and so on; / with a quarter of it, a self-controlled man should make provision for his subsistence. ### [1.213.99](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.99) With half, he should maintain himself, together with regular and occasional rites; / and with one quarter, constituting his capital, he should increase his wealth. ### [1.213.100](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.100) Knowledge, craft, wages, service, cattle-rearing, shopkeeping, farming, / a profession, begging alms, and usury are the ten means of livelihood. ### [1.213.101](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.101) One's wealth is acquired through accepting gifts for a brahmin, won by weapons for a kṣatriya, / acquired through lawful trade for a vaiśya, and acquired by service for a śūdra. ### [1.213.102](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.102) A river with abundant water, greens, clay, leaves, sacrificial kindling, and kuśa grass, / the sacred fire, and the chanting of the Veda are the supreme wealth of brahmins. ### [1.213.103](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.103) In accepting a gift that arrives unasked, there is no fault; / the gods know that to be nectar; therefore, one should never reject it. ### [1.213.104](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.104) Desiring to maintain the guru's family, or intending to honour deities and guests, / one may accept from everywhere, but one should not personally enjoy satisfaction from it. ### [1.213.105](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.105) Whether a twice-born receives \[a gift\] from a good person or from a bad person, / if endowed with virtue, the fault is slight; but one devoid of virtue sinks down. ### [1.213.106](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.106) Having thus maintained himself, even by an impermissible livelihood, / the best of the twice-born should afterwards perform purification and expiation. ### [1.213.107](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.107) And in the fourth part \[of the day\], he should collect earth for the purpose of bathing, / sesame, flowers, kuśa grass, and the like, and bathe in natural water. ### [1.213.108](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.108) Regular, occasional, optional, forming part of a ritual, removing dirt, / sprinkling, sipping water, and full immersion—an eightfold bath is proclaimed. ### [1.213.109](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.109) One who has not bathed is not entitled to recitation, oblations into the fire, and other rites; / the morning bath for that purpose is proclaimed as the regular bath. ### [1.213.110](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.110) Having touched a Cāṇḍāla, a corpse, excrement, and the like, or a menstruating woman, / when one who is fit to bathe takes a bath, that indeed is the occasional bath. ### [1.213.111](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.111) A bath such as the Puṣya-bath, prescribed according to the rules of an astrologer— / that is declared to be optional; one who does not desire \[its fruit\] should not perform it. ### [1.213.112](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.112) Desiring to recite purifying texts, intending to worship deities and guests, / the bath which one performs is proclaimed as forming part of a ritual. ### [1.213.113](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.113) The effort undertaken solely for the sake of removing dirt, and not otherwise, / in lakes, ponds made by the gods, pilgrimage sites, and rivers— ### [1.213.114](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.114) Since the bath itself is the religious action, it is known as a ritual bath beyond this; / the limbs are cleansed with water, and from a bath at a pilgrimage site one obtains the fruit. ### [1.213.115](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.115) Through sprinkling, immersions, and mantras, sin is swiftly destroyed; / \[this applies to\] the regular, the occasional, that forming part of a ritual, and that removing dirt. ### [1.213.116](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.116) In the absence of a sacred water-place, however, it should be done with warm water or other waters; / water drawn from the ground is meritorious; more so than that is water from a spring. ### [1.213.117](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.117) Even more meritorious than that is pond-water; river-water is said to be greater than that; / the water of a pilgrimage site is more meritorious than that, but Gaṅgā water is meritorious above all. ### [1.213.118](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.118) The water of the Gaṅgā quickly purifies sins up to the end of life; / and whatever water is present at Gayā and at Kurukṣetra, ### [1.213.119](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.119) Even compared to that, one should know the other water, that of the Gaṅgā, to be supreme. / At the birth of a son, during astronomical conjunctions, and likewise at the transit of the sun, ### [1.213.120](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.120) And at the sight of Rāhu, bathing at night is praised, but not otherwise. / The bath that is taken at every dawn, at twilight, or when the sun has risen, ### [1.213.121](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.121) Is equal to a Prājāpatya penance, destroying great sins. / The fruit that would arise when a Prājāpatya penance is performed for twelve years, ### [1.213.122](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.122) One who bathes in the morning, endowed with faith, obtains that in a single year. / He who desires extensive enjoyments comparable to the lunar and solar eclipse, ### [1.213.123](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.123) Should continually bathe in the morning during the two months of Māgha and Phālguna. / But he who, having reached the month of Māgha, bathes in the morning and eats sacrificial food, ### [1.213.124](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.124) Disperses even very terrible sin in just a month. / Intending a mother, a father, a brother, a friend, or a guru, ### [1.213.125](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.125) For whose sake one immerses oneself, that person obtains a twelfth part. / Viṣṇu is pleased by āmalaka fruits, especially on the eleventh lunar day. ### [1.213.126](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.126) A man desiring prosperity should always take a bath with āmalaka fruits. / Torment, fame, short life, wealth, and indeed death, ### [1.213.127](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.127) Health, and the attainment of all desires \[result\] from an oil-massage on days beginning with Sunday. / For one who has fasted, one observing a vow, and one whose hair has been cut by barbers, ### [1.213.128](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.128) Fortune remains pleased only as long as he does not touch oil. / Having bathed thus, a man should offer libations to the ancestors, gods, and mortals. ### [1.213.129](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.129) Standing in water up to the navel, with his mind focused on strength, he should reflect: / 'May my ancestors come; may they receive this handful of water.' ### [1.213.130](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.130) He should offer three handfuls of water \[each\] into the sky and to the south, / then put on dry clothing, standing on land upon strewed kuśa grass. ### [1.213.131](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.131) Those who know the ritual should perform the water-offering, but never in a vessel. / 'Whatever cruelty or raw meat adheres to the water, whatever is impure, ### [1.213.132](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.132) whatever is restless and stained, may all that go away.' / Having taken water in his left hand with this mantra, ### [1.213.133](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.133) he should throw it into the south-western direction to destroy the rakṣasas: / 'Whatever \[evil comes\] from forbidden food, from sin, or from accepting gifts, ### [1.213.134](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.134) and whatever bad deed of mine done by speech, mind, and bodily acts, / may Indra, Varuṇa, together with Bṛhaspati, purify me of that, ### [1.213.135](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.135) and Savitṛ, Bhaga, and the sages headed by Sanaka.' / Saying, 'May the universe, from Brahmā down to a clump of grass, be satisfied,' ### [1.213.136](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.136) he should cast three handfuls of water, performing the concise water-offering. / Free from envy, he should worship the gods headed by Brahmā, ### [1.213.137](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.137) with mantras dedicated to Brahmā, Viṣṇu, Rudra, Savitṛ, Mitra, and Varuṇa, / using the mantras that name them, and bowing to all the gods. ### [1.213.138](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.138) He should deposit flowers separately with an obeisance. / Then he should worship the Sun, and Viṣṇu, who comprises all deities. ### [1.213.139](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.139) Whoever offers flowers or water with the Puruṣasūkta, / by him this entire universe, moving and unmoving, is worshiped. ### [1.213.140](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.140) He should also worship Janārdana with other tantric mantras. / First the water for honorific welcome should be offered, and after that the ointment; ### [1.213.141](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.141) then a handful of flowers, incense, offerings, and fruits; / also the bath while immersed in water, as well as the sprinkling and sipping of water. ### [1.213.142](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.142) As for consecrating the water of a sacred bathing place, he should perform it / three times daily with the Aghamarṣaṇa hymn. ### [1.213.143](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.143) This is declared by the great-souled ones as the conduct observed in bathing. / For Brahmins, Kṣatriyas, and Vaiśyas, the bath is prescribed with mantras; ### [1.213.144](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.144) for a Śūdra, it is traditionally said to be in silence, accompanied by an obeisance. / Teaching is the sacrifice to Brahman; the water-offering is the sacrifice to the ancestors; ### [1.213.145](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.145) the fire oblation is for the gods; the food offering is for living beings; honoring a guest is the sacrifice to humanity. / \[The fruit\] is tenfold in a cow-pen, a hundred times more in a sacrificial hall, ### [1.213.146](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.146) thousands, hundreds, and tens of millions in perfected places, sacred sites, and temples, / and endless in the presence of Viṣṇu. ### [1.213.147](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.147) And in the fifth part \[of the day\] a proper distribution \[of food\] / is prescribed for the hosts of ancestors, gods, and men. ### [1.213.148](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.148) Having given the first portion to Brahmins, he who eats together with friends, / practising the giving of food, attains heaven after death. ### [1.213.149](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.149) He should eat sweet food first, salty and sour in the middle, / and pungent, bitter, and astringent, as well as milk, at the end. ### [1.213.150](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.150) He should completely avoid vegetables and whatever is on the ground at night, / and he should never become addicted to enjoying a single taste. ### [1.213.151](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.151) Food of a Brahmin is regarded as ambrosia; food of a Kṣatriya is milk; / food of a Vaiśya is simply food; and food of a Śūdra is blood. ### [1.213.152](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.152) He should dwell here on the new moon day, or for a single year. ### [1.213.153](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.153) There fortune and wealth reside, no doubt in this. / The Gārhapatya fire is in the belly, and the Dakṣiṇa fire on the back; ### [1.213.154](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.154) the Āhavanīya fire is in the mouth; truth and the joint are on the crown of the head. / He who knows these five fires is called one who maintains the sacred fires. ### [1.213.155](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.155) The body, water, and soma are declared to be various foods; / the breath of life is fire, and likewise the Sun; there is only one consumer of the three. ### [1.213.156](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.156) 'May the food bring strength to my earth, water, fire, and wind; / upon its digestion, may unbroken happiness come to me.' ### [1.213.157](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.157) Having wiped \[his mouth\] with his hand, he should chew betel leaf, / and attentive, he should listen to historical narrative. ### [1.213.158](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.158) He should spend the sixth and seventh \[parts of the day\] with narratives, Purāṇas, and the like; / then, having bathed, a man should attend to the evening twilight worship. ### [1.213.159](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.159) This daily ritual has been taught by me, O twice-born! / The wise man who recites or hears this conduct shall go to heaven; / for Keśava is traditionally remembered as the origin of conduct and the author of dharma, O twice-born! ### [1.213.159.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213.159.p1) Thus ends the two hundred and fifteenth chapter in the Ācārakāṇḍa, designated as the first section, in the Pūrvakhaṇḍa of the glorious Mahāpurāṇa called Garuḍa Purāṇa. ## Linked texts (1) - [Garuḍapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.213.1) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.213) · Pramāṇa