[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Purāṇas](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana) › [Garuḍapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda) › [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt) › 1.50 # Garudapurana 1.50 English (machine translation) 1.50 - **Language:** English ## Contents - [1.50.86](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.86) — 1 part ### [1.50.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.1) The glorious Garuḍa Purāṇa — \[Chapter\] 50 Brahmā said: / He who performs the daily rite day by day will attain knowledge. / Rising at the brāhma muhūrta, he should contemplate dharma and wealth; ### [1.50.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.2) He should contemplate in his heart Hari, who is bliss, unaging, seated in the lotus. / And when dawn has arrived, having performed the necessary \[bodily duties\], the wise man, ### [1.50.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.3) Having performed purification according to rule, should bathe in pure rivers. / By the morning bath even people who commit sins are purified. ### [1.50.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.4) Therefore, with every effort, one should perform the morning bath. / They praise the morning bath, for it produces visible and invisible results. ### [1.50.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.5) Saliva and other impurities continually flow from one who has slept peacefully; / Therefore, without first bathing, one must not perform rituals at all. ### [1.50.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.6) Misfortune, ill-omen, bad dreams, and ill thoughts— / Sins are washed away by the morning bath; of this there is no doubt. ### [1.50.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.7) And no rite is declared efficacious for men without a bath, / Especially in fire offering (homa) and recitation (japa); therefore one should perform the bath. ### [1.50.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.8) In case of incapacity, however, a bath without wetting the head is prescribed for him, / Or wiping the body with a damp cloth is declared to be a bodily \[cleansing\]. ### [1.50.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.9) A sixfold bath should be observed: / The brāhma, āgneya, vāyavya, divya, / Vāruṇa, and likewise the yaugika \[bath\]. ### [1.50.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.10) The brāhma bath is sprinkling with mantras using kuśa grass with drops of water; / The āgneya bath is dusting the body with ash from foot to head; ### [1.50.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.11) The vāyavya bath is declared to be the best, performed with dust \[raised by\] cows; / And the bath that is taken in rain accompanied by sunshine is called divya; ### [1.50.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.12) The vāruṇa bath is immersion \[in water\]; the mental bath is knowledge of the self; / The yaugika bath is described as meditation on Hari through yoga. ### [1.50.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.13) It is known as the sacred ford of the self (ātmatīrtha), frequented by knowers of Brahman. / Auspicious \[tooth-twigs\] are derived from milky trees, produced from the mālatī plant, ### [1.50.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.14) Apāmārga, vilva, and karavīra for cleaning \[the teeth\]; / Facing north or facing east, one should chew the tooth-cleansing twig. ### [1.50.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.15) Having washed it and chewed it, one should discard it in a clean place, composed in mind. / Having bathed, one should make libations to the gods, the ṛṣis, and the host of ancestors. ### [1.50.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.16) Having performed sipping according to rule, and constantly sipping again, restraining speech, / Cleansing oneself with mantras using kuśa grass with drops of water, ### [1.50.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.17) With the Āpo hiṣṭhā hymn, the vyāhṛtis, the Sāvitrī, and auspicious Vāruṇa hymns, / \[And\] the Gāyatrī, the mother of the Vedas, accompanied by the syllable Om and the vyāhṛtis, ### [1.50.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.18) Having recited \[it\], he should offer a handful of water to the sun with focused mind. / Then, standing upon darbha grass with tips pointed eastward, deeply concentrated, ### [1.50.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.19) Having then performed breath control, he should meditate on the twilight (sandhyā)—so says the Veda. / The twilight is the mother of the universe, beyond māyā, parts-less, ### [1.50.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.20) The sovereign, absolute power, originating from the three principles (tattva); / Having meditated on the red, white, and black Gāyatrī, the wise man should recite it. ### [1.50.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.21) Facing east, the brāhmaṇa should always perform twilight worship (sandhyopāsana); / One devoid of twilight worship is permanently impure, unfit for any ritual. ### [1.50.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.22) Whatever else he does, he does not partake in its fruit. / Good brāhmaṇas who have mastered the Vedas, with single-pointed minds, ### [1.50.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.23) Having worshipped the twilight according to rule, have reached the supreme goal of old. / The excellent twice-born who makes effort elsewhere in religious duties, ### [1.50.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.24) Abandoning salutation to the twilight, goes to ten thousand hells; / Therefore, with every effort, one should perform twilight worship. ### [1.50.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.25) Thereby the supreme deity, whose body is yoga, will be worshipped. / The wise man, facing east, self-controlled and pure, should recite the Gāyatrī, ### [1.50.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.26) A thousand times as the highest, a hundred times as the intermediate, and ten times as the minimum. / Then, composed in mind, he should attend upon the rising sun ### [1.50.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.27) With various solar mantras designated as ṛc, yajus, and sāman. / Having attended upon the Sun, the god of gods of great yoga, ### [1.50.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.28) He should make a prostration on the ground with his head consecrated by mantras: / 'Om, to Khakholka, the peaceful one, the cause of the three origins, ### [1.50.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.29) I offer myself; salutations to you whose form is knowledge! / You alone are the supreme Brahman, water, light, essence, nectar, ### [1.50.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.30) Bhūḥ, bhuvaḥ, svaḥ; you are the syllable Om, Sarva, Rudra, eternal.' / Having recited this Sūryahṛdaya, the supreme hymn of praise, ### [1.50.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.31) In the morning and at midday, he should bow to the Sun. / Then, returning home, the brāhmaṇa, having properly performed sipping according to rule, ### [1.50.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.32) Kindling the fire according to rule, should make offerings to Jātavedas. / An officiating priest, a son, or a wife, or a pupil, or a brother, ### [1.50.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.33) Having specifically obtained permission, may make the offering according to rule. / A rite done without a mantra bears no fruit here or hereafter. ### [1.50.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.34) He should bow down to the deities and present offerings; / He should also serve the guru and perform what is beneficial to him. ### [1.50.35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.35) Then the twice-born should diligently engage in the study of the Veda according to his capacity; / He should recite, or teach students, or memorize, or deliberate. ### [1.50.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.36) The excellent twice-born should also examine the treatises on dharma and the rest, / And the Vedic scriptures and auxiliary sciences (vedāṅgas) completely. ### [1.50.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.37) He should approach God for the attainment of acquisition and preservation (yogakṣema); / Then the twice-born should pursue various means of livelihood for the sake of his household. ### [1.50.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.38) Then, at midday, he should fetch earth for the sake of bathing, / Flowers, unbroken grain, sesame, kuśa grass, and pure cow dung. ### [1.50.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.39) He should bathe in rivers, artificial ponds made for deities, tanks, and natural lakes; / He should never bathe in \[a water reservoir\] belonging to another. ### [1.50.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.40) Without lifting up five lumps of earth, bathing is always considered tainted. / One should wash the head with one lump of earth, and above the navel with two. ### [1.50.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.41) Below \[the navel\] one should wash with three, and likewise both feet with six. / The clay is prescribed to be the size of a large myrobalan fruit. ### [1.50.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.42) The same measure is prescribed for cow dung, with which one should then smear the body. / Having rinsed and properly sipped water according to the rule, one should then bathe with a collected mind. ### [1.50.43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.43) Having smeared \[oneself\] while standing on the bank, with mantras containing the appropriate marks, / and having consecrated the water with auspicious mantras addressed to Varuṇa, ### [1.50.44](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.44) at the time of bathing one should remember Viṣṇu, because water is Nārāyaṇa. / Looking upon the sun with the syllable Oṃ, one should immerse oneself three times in the body of water. ### [1.50.45](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.45) Having sipped water, the knower of mantras should sip water again with this mantra: / 'You move within beings, inside the cave of the heart, facing in all directions; ### [1.50.46](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.46) you are the sacrifice, you are the vaṣaṭ-call, you are the waters, light, essence, and nectar.' / Or one should repeat the drupadā verse three times, accompanied by the vyāhṛtis and the praṇava, ### [1.50.47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.47) or the wise person should recite the sāvitrī and also the aghamarṣaṇa mantra. / Then one should perform sprinkling with the hymn 'āpo hi ṣṭhā mayobhuvaḥ…' \[RV 10.9.1\], ### [1.50.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.48) and likewise with 'idam āpaḥ pravahata…' \[RV 1.23.22\] and the vyāhṛtis. / Then the water, consecrated with the mantras beginning with 'āpo hi ṣṭhā…', ### [1.50.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.49) submerged under water facing downward, one should recite the aghamarṣaṇa three times, / or the drupadā, or the sāvitrī, or 'tad viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padam…' \[RV 1.22.20\]. ### [1.50.50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.50) Or one may repeat the praṇava, and remember Hari, the God of gods. / Taking up water in the hand and reciting \[mantras\] when the sprinkling has been done, ### [1.50.51](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.51) and placing that water on the head, one is freed from all sins. / Having performed the twilight worship and sipped water, one should constantly contemplate the Lord. ### [1.50.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.52) Then one should stand facing the sun with hollowed hands raised filled with flowers. / Offering it, one may gaze at the rising deity if possible. ### [1.50.53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.53) With the mantras 'ud u tyaṃ…' \[RV 1.50.1\], 'citraṃ…' \[RV 1.115.1\], 'tac cakṣur…' \[RV 7.66.16\], / with 'haṃsaḥ śuciṣat…' \[RV 4.40.5\], and especially with the sāvitrī, ### [1.50.54](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.54) and with other Vedic solar hymns; and thereafter one should recite the Gāyatrī / and various mantras, seated on a kuśa grass seat whose tips point eastward. ### [1.50.55](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.55) Standing and looking at the sun, one should recite with a collected mind. / With \[rosaries of\] crystal, lotus seeds, rudrākṣa, or those made of putrajīva, ### [1.50.56](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.56) a rosary should be made, which is stated to be used inwardly. / If wearing wet clothes, one should perform \[the recitation\] standing in the midst of water; ### [1.50.57](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.57) otherwise, \[one should perform it\] on pure ground, seated on darbha grass with a collected mind. / Having turned in circumambulation and then bowed down upon the ground, ### [1.50.58](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.58) and having sipped water according to the scriptures, one should perform personal Vedic study to the best of one's ability. / Then one should offer libations to the gods, the sages, and the ancestral spirits. ### [1.50.59](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.59) Uttering the syllable Oṃ at the beginning, followed by 'namaḥ' and 'tarpayāmi' at the end, / one should offer libations to the gods and the brahmanical sages with water mixed with unbroken grains; ### [1.50.60](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.60) to the ancestors, the gods, and the sages with devotion, according to the rule declared in one's own sūtra. ### [1.50.61](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.61) The wise person should satisfy the gods and sages, and the ancestors with hollowed hands of water; / wearing the sacred thread over the left shoulder for the gods, suspended around the neck for libations to sages, ### [1.50.62](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.62) and over the right shoulder for the ancestral rites, using that sacred part of the hand, O Bhārata. / Wringing out the bathing garment and sipping water with restrained speech, ### [1.50.63](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.63) one should worship the gods with their respective mantras, using flowers, leaves, and water: / Brahmā, Śaṅkara, Sūrya, and likewise Madhusūdana, ### [1.50.64](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.64) and other chosen deities with devotion, free from anger, O Hara! / Or one may offer flowers and the like with the Puruṣa Sūkta. ### [1.50.65](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.65) All deities are indeed present in the waters; they are thus fully worshipped by this. / Having meditated on the deity with the praṇava, composed in mind in the water, ### [1.50.66](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.66) one should offer flowers individually with obeisance. / For without worship, no Vedic rite produces merit. ### [1.50.67](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.67) Therefore, at the beginning, middle, and end thereof, one should hold Hari in mind / with the mantra 'tad viṣṇoḥ…' and with the Puruṣa Sūkta, ### [1.50.68](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.68) and one should dedicate oneself to Viṣṇu of spotless splendor. / With mind intent on the Supreme Self, peaceful, through the mantra 'tad viṣṇoḥ…', ### [1.50.69](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.69) \[…\] one should worship Hari with flowers. / One should perform the five sacrifices: the sacrifice to the gods, the sacrifice to the ancestors, / likewise the human sacrifice, and the sacrifice to Brahman. ### [1.50.70](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.70) If \[it is performed\] prior to the libation, how could the sacrifice to Brahman take place? / Having performed the sacrifice to humans, one should then perform personal Vedic study. ### [1.50.71](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.71) The Vaiśvadeva rite must be performed; that is remembered as the sacrifice to the gods. / That which is an offering of food to living beings should be known as the sacrifice to beings. ### [1.50.72](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.72) To dogs, outcastes, the fallen, and the like, / and to birds, the best of the twice-born should give food outside on the ground. ### [1.50.73](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.73) One should feed a single brāhmaṇa on behalf of the ancestors, O best of men; / that daily śrāddha offered on their behalf is the sacrifice to the ancestors, granting a good destination. ### [1.50.74](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.74) Or having set aside some food to the best of one's ability with a collected mind, / one should offer it to a twice-born person who knows the true meaning of the Veda. ### [1.50.75](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.75) One should always revere a guest; one should bow to and worship a twice-born person / who is peaceful, with mind, speech, and deed, welcoming them into one's home. ### [1.50.76](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.76) They say an alms-portion consists of a single mouthful of food, and four times that is a measure of food; / four times that is called a hantakāra, a bountiful offering. ### [1.50.77](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.77) One should oneself wait for a guest for the time it takes to milk a cow. / Likewise, one should honour guests who have arrived according to one's capacity. ### [1.50.78](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.78) One should give alms to a renunciant according to the rule, and to a celibate student; / free from greed, one should give food to supplicants according to one's ability. ### [1.50.79](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.79) One should eat together with kinsmen with restrained speech, not finding fault with the food. / But if a twice-born, the best of the twice-born, without having performed the five great sacrifices, ### [1.50.80](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.80) eats, that foolish person goes to the womb of an animal. / Daily study of the Veda according to ability, forgiveness, and performance of the great sacrifices, ### [1.50.81](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.81) as well as the worship of the gods, quickly destroy sins. / One who, out of delusion or laziness, eats without having performed worship of the deities, ### [1.50.82](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.82) goes to the hells and is born among swine. / I shall now declare ritual impurity: an impure person is always a sinner. ### [1.50.83](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.83) Ritual impurity arises from contact, and purification from avoiding contact. / All wise brāhmaṇas declare ritual impurity to last ten days ### [1.50.84](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.84) upon deaths or births among brāhmaṇas, O best of the twice-born. / Before the eruption of teeth \[purification is\] immediate; up to the tonsure rite, \[impurity lasts\] one night; ### [1.50.85](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.85) three nights up to the sacred thread investiture, and ten nights thereafter. / A kṣatriya becomes pure in twelve days, a vaiśya in fifteen, ### [1.50.86](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.86) and a śūdra is purified in a month; ascetics incur no taint. / In miscarriages, purification is attained in as many nights as the months \[of gestation\]. ### [1.50.86.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50.86.p1) Thus ends the fiftieth chapter, named 'Determination of Daily Rites and Impurity', in the Ācārakāṇḍa of the first part in the first section of the glorious Garuḍa Mahāpurāṇa. ## Linked texts (1) - [Garuḍapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda.1.50.1) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda~en-mt.1.50) · Pramāṇa