Garudapurana 3.16
English (machine translation) 3.16
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Contents
- 3.16.102 — 1 part
3.16.1
The glorious Garuḍa Mahāpurāṇa—16. / The glorious Kṛṣṇa said: / Hear properly, O most fortunate King of Birds, the true nature and incarnations of Mahālakṣmī, / and the ascertainment of knowledge of her.
3.16.2
Of the world other than the Lord, she is indeed the soul and the very eye; / that which she takes as its object is declared to be the knowledge of Lakṣmī.
3.16.3
The goddess who is never separated, taking refuge solely at Hari's feet, / ever-liberated, ever-enlightened, is declared to be Mahālakṣmī.
3.16.4
Lakṣmī is proclaimed to be the wife of Hari the primal source; / for she is the wife of the Puruṣa, Prakṛti, and the presiding deity over Prakṛti.
3.16.5
To produce creation with the qualities, O King of Birds, together with the Puruṣa, O lord, / and likewise to drink darkness, she was then named Prakṛti.
3.16.6
The wife of Vāsudeva is declared by the name Māyā; / the wife of Saṃkarṣaṇa is proclaimed as Jayā;
3.16.7
the wife of Aniruddha is proclaimed by the name Śāntā; / and Kṛti was the wife of Pradyumna, in order to effect creation.
3.16.8
The wife of Viṣṇu is proclaimed to be Śrīdevī, presiding over sattva; / Durgā, presiding over tamas, is proclaimed as the Maiden.
3.16.9
In the Kṛṣṇa incarnation, she is indeed the maiden, the younger sister of Nanda's son; / and Bhūdevī, presiding over rajas, is the wife of the Boar.
3.16.10
She who presides over the Vedas, O King of Birds, is proclaimed to be Annapūrṇā; / and the unborn wife of Nārāyaṇa is remembered as taking the form of Lakṣmī.
3.16.11
Dakṣiṇā is declared to be the wife of Hari named Yajña;
3.16.12
Jayantī is proclaimed to be the wife of Vṛṣabha; / while Sītā, the daughter of Videha, is proclaimed to be the wife of Rāma;
3.16.13
Rukmiṇī and Satyabhāmā are proclaimed to be the wives of Kṛṣṇa. / Thus and so forth are the distinct incarnations, endless in number,
3.16.14
belonging to Ramā, O best of the twice-born, devoid of difference from one another; / they are declared to be lesser than Viṣṇu, who possesses infinite upon infinite qualities.
3.16.15
Now, Brahmā and Vāyu are ten million times inferior to Śrī; / and I shall declare the form of Brahmā; listen, O best of the kings of birds:
3.16.16
born from Vāsudeva upon Māyā, O King of Birds, / he is called the Puruṣa, known as Viriñca.
3.16.17
From Aniruddha upon Śāntā he came to have the body of the mahat principle; / then, O King of Birds, he obtained the appellation 'Mahān Viriñca'.
3.16.18
Born here by means of rajas upon Māyā from Vāsudeva, / that Viriñca, named Vidhi, is to be understood, O best of birds.
3.16.19
The lotus-seated [Brahmā] born within the cosmic egg from Padmanābha / also attained the name Caturmukha ('Four-Faced'), O best of birds.
3.16.20
Thus the four forms of Brahmā have been declared. / I shall tell the names of Vāyu; listen, O best of the lords of birds.
3.16.21
The one who was born from Saṃkarṣaṇa in Jayā, O Garuḍa, / is to be known as the first Vāyu, celebrated as Pradhāna.
3.16.22
Because he bestows movement on the worlds, he is also celebrated by the name Sūtra. / And in order to praise with steadfastness Viṣṇu residing at Badarī,
3.16.23
Vāyu assumed the form of Dhṛti ('steadfastness'); therefore he is called Dhṛti. / He abides in the form of steadfastness within eligible devotees of Hari.
3.16.24
Because Vāyu resides in the heart, he is named Dhṛti. / Having taken his seat in the heart of all, he always remembers Hari;
3.16.25
therefore, O best of birds, Vāyu received the name Sthiti ('abiding'). / Or rather, Vāyu alone constantly remembers Hari who is in Śvetadvīpa,
3.16.26
O lord of birds, and therefore he is called Smṛti ('memory'). / Having taken his seat in the heart of all, he is known through the prompting of Viṣṇu;
3.16.27
therefore he received my name Mukti ('liberation')—it is Vāyu alone, no doubt. / By my command, he bestows liberation on devotees by means of knowledge.
3.16.28
Because this Vāyu alone came to bear the name Mukti, / he, dwelling in the heart of devotees, increases their devotion to Viṣṇu.
3.16.29
Therefore he is celebrated as a devotee of Viṣṇu; there is no doubt about this. / He is indeed the consciousness itself of all living beings;
3.16.30
because Vāyu is in the form of mind, he is called Citta ('mind'). / He is the master of masters, O Garuḍa, and of his brothers in every respect;
3.16.31
therefore Vāyu alone is known as Mahāprabhu ('Great Master'). / And dwelling in the heart of all, he watches over strength, O best of beings;
3.16.32
hence he attained the designation Bala ('strength'), O son of Vinatā. / And dwelling in the heart of all, through people along with their sons, grandsons, and the like,
3.16.33
he continually performs sacrifices; therefore he is named Yaṣṭṛ ('sacrificer'). / Beginning from endless cosmic ages, right up to Vāyu,
3.16.34
there is no crookedness in yoga; he is known as Ṛju ('straight' or 'upright') and Yogya ('worthy'). / Crookedness in yoga means interested motive in the worship of Hari; / and the worship of Hari by Īśa, Rudra, and others is performed with interested motive.
3.16.35
Yet in the case of some, O lord of birds, because of that, they are called crooked.
3.16.36
Even among the sages and the rest, the worship of Hari is done with interested motive; / therefore they are not to be known as upright—what then to say of human beings?
3.16.37
As long as the best of men, as well as the sages and others, / do not abandon interested worship, which is an obstacle to liberation,
3.16.38
and the latent impression produced by action since beginningless time, / all those who are eligible for liberation perform worship of whom?
3.16.39
All that is almost destroyed through the guru, who imparts correct knowledge; / having attained yoga and practiced it, one would attain liberation in the end.
3.16.40
Worship of Viṣṇu with interested motive grants sovereignty, / but knowledge becomes perverse, and by that one goes to the deepest darkness.
3.16.41
If that is perverse, it is proclaimed to be contrary to true knowledge: / viewing stone as Viṣṇu, and likewise viewing a twice-born as Viṣṇu;
3.16.42
viewing water as a sacred bath, and likewise dust; / viewing Śiva, Sūrya, and the Six-Faced One as Viṣṇu, O lord of birds—
3.16.43
all such knowledge is recorded as perverse. / Contemplating with identity in stone and all the rest,
3.16.44
is called 'viewing [them] as Viṣṇu', and not knowing Him as residing therein. / Even throughout beginningless and endless time, worship of Hari with interested motive
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does not exist [in Vāyu]; therefore Vāyu is proclaimed to be upright and worthy. / In others, it is never absent; therefore they are not called upright.
3.16.46
He also always reveals Hari by direct perception / to those who are eligible for liberation in due time; therefore he is called Prajñā ('wisdom').
3.16.47
He also constantly reveals Hari mediately to all; / therefore, O lord of birds, Vāyu is always celebrated as Jñāna ('knowledge').
3.16.48
Because he teaches what is beneficial and what is harmful, abiding in the hearts of devotees, / that wind-god also attained the designation Guru.
3.16.49
Abiding in the heart of yogins, he meditates well on the supreme Hari; / meditating on Him distinct [from all], he is known as Mahādhyātṛ ('Great Meditator').
3.16.50
According to his eligibility, he knows the supreme Hari, / and he always knows the attributes present in Rudra and the others;
3.16.51
therefore he is indeed proclaimed as Vijña ('the Discerning One'), O best of birds. / From the abandonment of acts with interested motive, he is called Virāga ('dispassionate').
3.16.52
Or rather, that wind-god, always dwelling in the heart of yogins, / produces detachment; therefore he is called Virāga.
3.16.53
For the gods, through merit and demerit, there is only increasingly higher happiness; / and that happiness of the superior ones extends right up to Vāyu.
3.16.54
Because Vāyu produces a portion of happiness for gods, sages, / and the best of men, he is named Sukha ('happiness').
3.16.55
He always enjoys it, O lord of birds; there the wind-god is principal. / A little suffering, sorrow, and the like occurs to the gods, O lord;
3.16.56
know without doubt that this is due to possession by asuras. / That happens slightly to the individual soul, and to the daityas it happens gradually.
3.16.57
Because Kali has it in excess, he is called Duḥkhin ('the suffering one'). / For the daityas, through merit and demerit, there is only increasingly higher suffering;
3.16.58
and that suffering of the subsequent ones extends right up to Kali. / He always experiences it, O lord of birds; therefore he is known as Kali.
3.16.59
A little happiness, joy, and the like occurs to the daityas, O lord; / that is due to possession by the gods; no hesitation should be entertained here.
3.16.60
There is no hell for the gods; for the daityas, O son of Vinatā, / that essential nature of happiness does not exist, nor even that arising from sense objects, O twice-born.
3.16.61
Whatever [pleasure] arises from sense objects is declared to be due to possession by the gods; / for the gods there is no darkness at all, nor is there sorrow in their essential nature.
3.16.62
The great sorrow that arises from sense objects never exists for the gods; / whatever sorrow, grief, and the like occur, arise from possession by the asuras.
3.16.63
Therefore Kali is ever sorrowful, while Vāyu is ever joyful; / but for humans and ṛṣis, O Lord of Birds, there is both joy and sorrow.
3.16.64
That [pair] arises through merit and demerit, and Māruta enjoys merit; / Kali's dissolution is the destruction of suffering; about this no deliberation should be made.
3.16.65
The nineteen portions, beginning with breath and ending with happiness, / have entered into the worlds and exist distinctly, O Lord of Birds.
3.16.66
Listen to the incarnations of Māruta, O best of bird monarchs: / among the fourteen indras, the second one, who is Virocana,
3.16.67
is declared to be that Vāyu among Indra and the rest, O Lord of Birds; / in all the truths concerning Hari, his sight is pervasive.
3.16.68
Therefore, he is celebrated by the name Rocana as a portion of the Wind god. In the incarnation of Rāma, [he was] Hanumān, the accomplisher of Rāma's mission; / and he himself was born on earth as the mighty Bhīmasena.
3.16.69
In the incarnation of Kṛṣṇa, he is known and proclaimed as a portion of the Wind god.
3.16.70
Then there will be an asura named Maṇimat, known as Saṃkara, / who will undoubtedly cause confusion among all.
3.16.71
Because of that, he will be named Saṃkara, O Lord of Birds; / he destroys completely all the Bhāgavata dharmas.
3.16.72
Then on earth Vāsudeva will appear, without a doubt, / equal to whom in matters of sacrifice there is none in the fourteen worlds.
3.16.73
Therefore he will be full of wisdom, without a doubt. / The three incarnations of Vāyu have the purpose of [establishing] the doctrine called Bhāgavata.
3.16.74
Establishment [of dharma] and subduing the wicked—only these two are the purposes; / there is no other purpose for Vāyu, nor likewise for him whose nature is Virocana.
3.16.75
In the triad of incarnations, O lord of birds, the suffering arising from the womb and so forth / does not exist at all for Vāyu, nor likewise for Virocana and the rest.
3.16.76
Indeed, in the four incarnations there is no connection with semen and blood; / it does not exist at all, O king of birds, because no inauspiciousness exists there.
3.16.77
Having previously dried up the womb, at the time of birth, / the goddess of the gods manifests in the four incarnations.
3.16.78
Of the twenty-three forms of Vāyu, O Lord of Birds, / and with the straight forms of Brahmā Parameṣṭhin,
3.16.79
it is indeed true, there is no doubt, regarding eternal bliss, happiness, and so on; / thus alone should one understand it, never otherwise in any way.
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Merely from hearing this, they attain liberation, without a doubt. / Next I shall speak of those born after him; listen, O best of bird monarchs.
3.16.81
In the Kṛta age, when [the two] were born from Pradyumna, O Lord of Birds, / there were two twin women; of the two, the one who
3.16.82
is designated Vāṇī, O lord of birds, they know as Brahmāṇī; / she is considered the wife named Sāvitrī of Viriñca named Puruṣa, / and the wife of the Four-Faced [Brahma] is celebrated as Sarasvatī.
3.16.83
Thus the threefold form of Vāṇī should be known, O best of birds; / I will declare the incarnations of Bhāratī; listen with concentrated mind.
3.16.84
Because she presides over all Vedas, she is remembered as consisting of all Vedas; / she is celebrated as the wife of Vāyu, the great meditator.
3.16.85
She is celebrated as the wife of Vāyu, whose form is knowledge; / because her essential nature is ever joy, Bhāratī consists of joy.
3.16.86
She is celebrated as the wife of Vāyu, whose essential nature is joy; / Vāyu indeed is declared to be the guru, and she is the virtuous wife devoted to him.
3.16.87
Therefore eternal Bhāratī is remembered as devotion to the guru; / she is indeed celebrated as the wife of Vāyu, the great guru.
3.16.88
And because of being endowed with affection for Hari, she is remembered as love for Hari; / she is celebrated as the wife of Vāyu, whose form is fortitude.
3.16.89
Because she presides over all mantras, she is remembered as consisting of all mantras; / she is indeed celebrated as the wife of Vāyu, the great lord.
3.16.90
All enjoyments are enjoyed only for the sake of pleasing Viṣṇu; / therefore Bhāratī is known and proclaimed by the name Bhujī.
3.16.91
She is celebrated as the wife of Vāyu, whose form is manifold; / and the wife of Rocanendra is celebrated as Śraddhā.
3.16.92
Then Hanumān was born in the Tretā age, O best of birds; / then she, remembered as Bhāratī, was born from a brāhmaṇa named Śiva.
3.16.93
She was not Bhāratī alone, but united with Śacī and others; / all of them, born in her, attained union with their respective husbands.
3.16.94
She is to be known as going to another, a maiden named Tanmati; / at the end of the Tretā age, that same one, O king of birds, united with Śacī and others,
3.16.95
was born to Damayantī from Nala, and is called Indrasenā; / because she brought joy to Nala, she is called Nalanandinī.
3.16.96
There she did not obtain union with her own husband, O Lord of Birds; / there, going to another should be understood [as occurring] through Vāyu residing in the man.
3.16.97
Remaining thus for a short time, as a maiden she met her death; / that same one, united with Śacī and others, [born] of high-souled Drupada,
3.16.98
arose from the middle of the altar for the sake of Bhīmasena alone; / there, there is no going to another at all, and union is with the husbands.
3.16.99
Bhāratī alone should be known as the daughter of the king of Kāśi; / she should be known by the name Kālī, ever dear to Bhīmasena.
3.16.100
Draupadī, the daughter of Drupada, united with Vāc and others, / having discarded her body, distinguished, in the village named Kāraṭī,
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will be born in the house of Saṃkara in the Kali age, O lord of birds; / for the sake of the third form of Vāyu, she passed away while still a maiden.
3.16.102
These and others are the wives of Vāyu and the wives of Brahmā, O best one; / in qualities, O king of birds, they are a hundredfold inferior to their own husbands.
3.16.102.p1
Thus ends the sixteenth chapter, entitled 'Determination of the Incarnations of Mahālakṣmī and Others', in the Brahmakāṇḍa, the third section of the latter section in the glorious and great Garuḍa Purāṇa.
Linked texts (1)
- Garuḍapurāṇa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit