[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Purāṇas](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana) › [Lingapurana](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga) › 1.20 # Lingapurana 1.20 Liṅgapurāṇa 1.20 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [1.20.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.1) ṛṣaya ūcuḥ kathaṃ pādme purā kalpe brahmā padmodbhavo 'bhavat bhavaṃ ca dṛṣṭavāṃstena brahmaṇā puruṣottamaḥ // ### [1.20.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.2) etatsarvaṃ viśeṣeṇa sāṃprataṃ vaktumarhasi āsīdekārṇavaṃ ghoram avibhāgaṃ tamomayam // ### [1.20.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.3) madhye caikārṇave tasmin śaṅkhacakragadādharaḥ jīmūtābho 'mbujākṣaś ca kirīṭī śrīpatirhariḥ // ### [1.20.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.4) nārāyaṇamukhodgīrṇasarvātmā puruṣottamaḥ aṣṭabāhurmahāvakṣā lokānāṃ yonirucyate // ### [1.20.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.5) kimapyacintyaṃ yogātmā yogamāsthāya yogavit phaṇāsahasrakalitaṃ tamapratimavarcasam // ### [1.20.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.6) mahābhogapaterbhogaṃ sādhvāstīrya mahocchrayam tasminmahati paryaṅke śete caikārṇave prabhuḥ // ### [1.20.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.7) evaṃ tatra śayānena viṣṇunā prabhaviṣṇunā ātmārāmeṇa krīḍārthaṃ līlayākliṣṭakarmaṇā // ### [1.20.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.8) śatayojanavistīrṇaṃ taruṇādityasannibham vajradaṇḍaṃ mahotsedhaṃ nābhyāṃ sṛṣṭaṃ tu puṣkaram // ### [1.20.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.9) tasyaivaṃ krīḍamānasya samīpaṃ devamīḍhuṣaḥ hemagarbhāṇḍajo brahmā rukmavarṇo hyatīndriyaḥ // ### [1.20.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.10) caturvaktro viśālākṣaḥ samāgamya yadṛcchayā śriyā yuktena divyena suśubhena sugandhinā // ### [1.20.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.11) krīḍamānaṃ ca padmena dṛṣṭvā brahmā śubhekṣaṇam savismayamathāgamya saumyasampannayā girā // ### [1.20.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.12) provāca ko bhavāñchete hy āśrito madhyamambhasām atha tasyācyutaḥ śrutvā brahmaṇastu śubhaṃ vacaḥ // ### [1.20.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.13) udatiṣṭhata paryaṅkād vismayotphullalocanaḥ pratyuvācottaraṃ caiva kalpe kalpe pratiśrayaḥ // ### [1.20.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.14) kartavyaṃ ca kṛtaṃ caiva kriyate yacca kiṃcana dyaurantarikṣaṃ bhūścaiva paraṃ padamahaṃ bhuvaḥ // ### [1.20.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.15) tamevamuktvā bhagavān viṣṇuḥ punarathābravīt kastvaṃ khalu samāyātaḥ samīpaṃ bhagavānkutaḥ // ### [1.20.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.16) kva vā bhūyaś ca gantavyaṃ kaś ca vā te pratiśrayaḥ ko bhavān viśvamūrtirvai kartavyaṃ kiṃ ca te mayā // ### [1.20.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.17) evaṃ bruvantaṃ vaikuṇṭhaṃ pratyuvāca pitāmahaḥ māyayā mohitaḥ śaṃbhor avijñāya janārdanam // ### [1.20.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.18) māyayā mohitaṃ devam avijñātaṃ mahātmanaḥ yathā bhavāṃstathaivāham ādikartā prajāpatiḥ // ### [1.20.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.19) savismayaṃ vacaḥ śrutvā brahmaṇo lokatantriṇaḥ anujñātaś ca te nātha vaikuṇṭho viśvasaṃbhavaḥ // ### [1.20.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.20) kautūhalānmahāyogī praviṣṭo brahmaṇo mukham imānaṣṭādaśa dvīpān sasamudrān saparvatān // ### [1.20.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.21) praviśya sumahātejāś cāturvarṇyasamākulān brahmaṇastambhaparyantaṃ saptalokān sanātanān // ### [1.20.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.22) brahmaṇastūdare dṛṣṭvā sarvānviṣṇurmahābhujaḥ aho 'sya tapaso vīryam ityuktvā ca punaḥ punaḥ // ### [1.20.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.23) aṭitvā vividhāṃllokān viṣṇurnānāvidhāśrayān tato varṣasahasrānte nāntaṃ hi dadṛśe yadā // ### [1.20.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.24) tadāsya vaktrānniṣkramya pannagendraniketanaḥ nārāyaṇo jagaddhātā pitāmahamathābravīt // ### [1.20.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.25) bhagavānādiraṅkaś ca madhyaṃ kālo diśo nabhaḥ nāhamantaṃ prapaśyāmi udarasya tavānagha // ### [1.20.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.26) evamuktvābravīdbhūyaḥ pitāmahamidaṃ hariḥ bhagavānevamevāhaṃ śāśvataṃ hi mamodaram // ### [1.20.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.27) praviśya lokān paśyaitān anaupamyānsurottama tataḥ prāhlādinīṃ vāṇīṃ śrutvā tasyābhinandya ca // ### [1.20.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.28) śrīpaterudaraṃ bhūyaḥ praviveśa pitāmahaḥ tāneva lokān garbhasthān apaśyat satyavikramaḥ // ### [1.20.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.29) paryaṭitvā tu devasya dadṛśe 'ntaṃ na vai hareḥ jñātvā gatiṃ tasya pitāmahasya dvārāṇi sarvāṇi pidhāya viṣṇuḥ vibhurmanaḥ kartumiyeṣa cāśu sukhaṃ prasupto 'hamiti pracintya // ### [1.20.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.30) tato dvārāṇi sarvāṇi pihitāni samīkṣya vai sūkṣmaṃ kṛtvātmano rūpaṃ nābhyāṃ dvāramavindata // ### [1.20.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.31) padmasūtrānusāreṇa cānvapaśyatpitāmahaḥ ujjahārātmano rūpaṃ puṣkarāccaturānanaḥ // ### [1.20.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.32) virarājāravindasthaḥ padmagarbhasamadyutiḥ brahmā svayaṃbhūrbhagavāñ jagadyoniḥ pitāmahaḥ // ### [1.20.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.33) etasminnantare tābhyām ekaikasya tu kṛtsnaśaḥ vartamāne tu saṃgharṣe madhye tasyārṇavasya tu // ### [1.20.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.34) kuto 'pyaparimeyātmā bhūtānāṃ prabhurīśvaraḥ śūlapāṇirmahādevo hemavīrāṃbaracchadaḥ // ### [1.20.35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.35) agacchadyatra so 'nanto nāgabhogapatir hariḥ śīghraṃ vikramatastasya padbhyām ākrāntapīḍitāḥ // ### [1.20.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.36) udbhūtāstūrṇamākāśe pṛthulāstoyabindavaḥ atyuṣṇaścātiśītaś ca vāyustatra vavau punaḥ // ### [1.20.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.37) taddṛṣṭvā mahadāścaryaṃ brahmā viṣṇumabhāṣata abbindavaś ca śītoṣṇāḥ kampayantyaṃbujaṃ bhṛśam // ### [1.20.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.38) etanme saṃśayaṃ brūhi kiṃ vā tvanyaccikīrṣasi etadevaṃvidhaṃ vākyaṃ pitāmahamukhodgatam // ### [1.20.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.39) śrutvāpratimakarmā hi bhagavānasurāntakṛt kiṃ nu khalvatra me nābhyāṃ bhūtamanyatkṛtālayam // ### [1.20.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.40) vadati priyamatyarthaṃ manyuścāsya mayā kṛtaḥ ityevaṃ manasā dhyātvā pratyuvācedamuttaram // ### [1.20.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.41) kimatra bhagavānadya puṣkare jātasaṃbhramaḥ kiṃ mayā ca kṛtaṃ deva yanmāṃ priyamanuttamam // ### [1.20.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.42) bhāṣase puruṣaśreṣṭha kimarthaṃ brūhi tattvataḥ evaṃ bruvāṇaṃ deveśaṃ lokayātrānugaṃ tataḥ // ### [1.20.43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.43) pratyuvācāmbujābhākṣaṃ brahmā vedanidhiḥ prabhuḥ yo 'sau tavodaraṃ pūrvaṃ praviṣṭo 'haṃ tvadicchayā // ### [1.20.44](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.44) yathā mamodare lokāḥ sarve dṛṣṭāstvayā prabho tathaiva dṛṣṭāḥ kārtsnyena mayā lokāstavodare // ### [1.20.45](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.45) tato varṣasahasrāttu upāvṛttasya me 'nagha tvayā matsarabhāvena māṃ vaśīkartumicchatā // ### [1.20.46](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.46) āśu dvārāṇi sarvāṇi pihitāni samantataḥ tato mayā mahābhāga saṃcintya svena tejasā // ### [1.20.47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.47) labdho nābhipradeśena padmasūtrādvinirgamaḥ mā bhūtte manaso 'lpo 'pi vyāghāto 'yaṃ kathaṃcana // ### [1.20.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.48) ityeṣānugatirviṣṇo kāryāṇām aupasarpiṇī yanmayānantaraṃ kāryaṃ brūhi kiṃ karavāṇyaham // ### [1.20.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.49) tataḥ paramameyātmā hiraṇyakaśipo ripuḥ anavadyāṃ priyāmiṣṭāṃ śivāṃ vāṇīṃ pitāmahāt // ### [1.20.50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.50) śrutvā vigatamātsaryaṃ vākyamasmai dadau hariḥ na hyevamīdṛśaṃ kāryaṃ mayādhyavasitaṃ tava // ### [1.20.51](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.51) tvāṃ bodhayitukāmena krīḍāpūrvaṃ yadṛcchayā āśu dvārāṇi sarvāṇi ghāṭitāni mayātmanaḥ // ### [1.20.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.52) na te 'nyathāvagantavyaṃ mānyaḥ pūjyaś ca me bhavān sarvaṃ marṣaya kalyāṇa yanmayāpakṛtaṃ tava // ### [1.20.53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.53) asmān mayohyamānastvaṃ padmādavatara prabho nāhaṃ bhavantaṃ śaknomi soḍhuṃ tejomayaṃ gurum // ### [1.20.54](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.54) sa hovāca varaṃ brūhi padmādavatara prabho putro bhava mamārighna mudaṃ prāpsyasi śobhanām // ### [1.20.55](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.55) sadbhāvavacanaṃ brūhi padmādavatara prabho sa tvaṃ ca no mahāyogī tvamīḍyaḥ praṇavātmakaḥ // ### [1.20.56](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.56) adyaprabhṛti sarveśaḥ śvetoṣṇīṣavibhūṣitaḥ padmayoniriti hyevaṃ khyāto nāmnā bhaviṣyasi // ### [1.20.57](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.57) putro me tvaṃ bhava brahman saptalokādhipaḥ prabho tataḥ sa bhagavāndevo varaṃ dattvā kirīṭine // ### [1.20.58](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.58) evaṃ bhavatu cetyuktvā prītātmā gatamatsaraḥ pratyāsannam athāyāntaṃ bālārkābhaṃ mahānanam // ### [1.20.59](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.59) bhavamatyadbhutaṃ dṛṣṭvā nārāyaṇamathābravīt aprameyo mahāvaktro daṃṣṭrī dhvastaśiroruhaḥ // ### [1.20.60](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.60) daśabāhustriśūlāṅko nayanairviśvataḥ sthitaḥ lokaprabhuḥ svayaṃ sākṣād vikṛto muñjamekhalī // ### [1.20.61](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.61) meṇḍhreṇordhvena mahatā nardamāno 'tibhairavam kaḥ khalveṣa pumān viṣṇo tejorāśir mahādyutiḥ // ### [1.20.62](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.62) vyāpya sarvā diśo dyāṃ ca ita evābhivartate tenaivamukto bhagavān viṣṇurbrahmāṇamabravīt // ### [1.20.63](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.63) padbhyāṃ talanipātena yasya vikramato 'rṇave vegena mahatākāśe 'pyutthitāś ca jalaśayāḥ // ### [1.20.64](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.64) sthūlādbhir viśvato 'tyarthaṃ sicyase padmasaṃbhava ghrāṇajena ca vātena kampyamānaṃ tvayā saha // ### [1.20.65](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.65) dodhūyate mahāpadmaṃ svacchandaṃ mama nābhijam samāgato bhavānīśo hy anādiścāntakṛtprabhuḥ // ### [1.20.66](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.66) bhavānahaṃ ca stotreṇa upatiṣṭhāva godhvajam tataḥ kruddho 'mbujābhākṣaṃ brahmā provāca keśavam // ### [1.20.67](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.67) bhavānna nūnamātmānaṃ vetti lokaprabhuṃ vibhum brahmāṇaṃ lokakartāraṃ māṃ na vetsi sanātanam // ### [1.20.68](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.68) ko hyasau śaṅkaro nāma āvayorvyatiricyate tasya tatkrodhajaṃ vākyaṃ śrutvā harirabhāṣata // ### [1.20.69](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.69) mā maivaṃ vada kalyāṇa parivādaṃ mahātmanaḥ mahāyogendhano dharmo durādharṣo varapradaḥ // ### [1.20.70](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.70) heturasyātha jagataḥ purāṇapuruṣo 'vyayaḥ bījī khalveṣa bījānāṃ jyotirekaḥ prakāśate // ### [1.20.71](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.71) bālakrīḍanakairdevaḥ krīḍate śaṅkaraḥ svayam pradhānamavyayo yonir avyaktaṃ prakṛtistamaḥ // ### [1.20.72](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.72) mama caitāni nāmāni nityaṃ prasavadharmiṇaḥ yaḥ kaḥ sa iti duḥkhārtair dṛśyate yatibhiḥ śivaḥ // ### [1.20.73](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.73) eṣa bījī bhavānbījam ahaṃ yoniḥ sanātanaḥ sa evamukto viśvātmā brahmā viṣṇumapṛcchata // ### [1.20.74](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.74) bhavān yonirahaṃ bījaṃ kathaṃ bījī maheśvaraḥ etanme sūkṣmamavyaktaṃ saṃśayaṃ chettumarhasi // ### [1.20.75](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.75) jñātvā ca vividhotpattiṃ brahmaṇo lokatantriṇaḥ imaṃ paramasādṛśyaṃ praśnam abhyavadaddhariḥ // ### [1.20.76](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.76) asmānmahattaraṃ bhūtaṃ guhyamanyanna vidyate mahataḥ paramaṃ dhāma śivam adhyātmināṃ padam // ### [1.20.77](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.77) dvividhaṃ caivamātmānaṃ pravibhajya vyavasthitaḥ niṣkalastatra yo 'vyaktaḥ sakalaś ca maheśvaraḥ // ### [1.20.78](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.78) yasya māyāvidhijñasya agamyagahanasya ca purā liṅgodbhavaṃ bījaṃ prathamaṃ tvādisargikam // ### [1.20.79](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.79) mama yonau samāyuktaṃ tadbījaṃ kālaparyayāt hiraṇmayamakūpāre yonyāmaṇḍamajāyata // ### [1.20.80](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.80) śatāni daśa varṣāṇām aṇḍam apsu pratiṣṭhitam ante varṣasahasrasya vāyunā taddvidhā kṛtam // ### [1.20.81](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.81) kapālamekaṃ dyaurjajñe kapālamaparaṃ kṣitiḥ ulbaṃ tasya mahotsedho yo 'sau kanakaparvataḥ // ### [1.20.82](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.82) tataś ca pratisaṃdhyātmā devadevo varaḥ prabhuḥ hiraṇyagarbho bhagavāṃs tv abhijajñe caturmukhaḥ // ### [1.20.83](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.83) ā tārārkendunakṣatraṃ śūnyaṃ lokamavekṣya ca ko 'hamityapi ca dhyāte kumārāste 'bhavaṃstadā // ### [1.20.84](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.84) priyadarśanāstu yatayo yatīnāṃ pūrvajās tava bhūyo varṣasahasrānte tata evātmajāstava // ### [1.20.85](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.85) bhuvanānalasaṃkāśāḥ padmapatrāyatekṣaṇāḥ śrīmānsanatkumāraś ca ṛbhuścaivordhvaretasau // ### [1.20.86](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.86) sanakaḥ sanātanaścaiva tathaiva ca sanandanaḥ utpannāḥ samakālaṃ te buddhyātīndriyadarśanāḥ // ### [1.20.87](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.87) utpannāḥ pratibhātmāno jagatāṃ sthitihetavaḥ nārapsyante ca karmāṇi tāpatrayavivarjitāḥ // ### [1.20.88](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.88) alpasaukhyaṃ bahukleśaṃ jarāśokasamanvitam jīvanaṃ maraṇaṃ caiva saṃbhavaś ca punaḥ punaḥ // ### [1.20.89](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.89) alpabhūtaṃ sukhaṃ svarge duḥkhāni narake tathā viditvā cāgamaṃ sarvam avaśyaṃ bhavitavyatām // ### [1.20.90](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.90) ṛbhuṃ sanatkumāraṃ ca dṛṣṭvā tava vaśe sthitau trayastu trīn guṇān hitvā cātmajāḥ sanakādayaḥ // ### [1.20.91](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.91) vavartena tu jñānena pravṛttāste mahaujasaḥ tatasteṣu pravṛtteṣu sanakādiṣu vai triṣu // ### [1.20.92](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.92) bhaviṣyasi vimūḍhastvaṃ māyayā śaṅkarasya tu evaṃ kalpe tu vaivṛtte saṃjñā naśyati te 'nagha // ### [1.20.93](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.93) kalpe śeṣāṇi bhūtāni sūkṣmāṇi pārthivāni ca sarveṣāṃ hyaiśvarī māyā jāgṛtiḥ samudāhṛtā // ### [1.20.94](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.94) yathaiṣa parvato merur devaloko hyudāhṛtaḥ tasya cedaṃ hi māhātmyaṃ viddhi devavarasya ha // ### [1.20.95](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.95) jñātvā ceśvarasadbhāvaṃ jñātvā māmaṃbujekṣaṇam mahādevaṃ mahābhūtaṃ bhūtānāṃ varadaṃ prabhum // ### [1.20.96](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.96) praṇavenātha sāmnā tu namaskṛtya jagadgurum tvāṃ ca māṃ caiva saṃkruddho niḥśvāsānnirdahedayam // ### [1.20.97](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20.97) evaṃ jñātvā mahāyogam abhyuttiṣṭhanmahābalam ahaṃ tvāmagrataḥ kṛtvā stoṣyāmyanalasaprabham // ## Commentaries (1) - [Śivatosaṇī Liṅgapurāṇaṭīkā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga!ganesa.22.47) — Gaṇeśa Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit ## Linked texts (4) - [Vāyupurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.vayu.1.24.11) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Kūrmapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.kurma.1.9.24) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Critical edition (BORI)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa*crit.2.33.16) — Sanskrit - [Liṅgapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.tamil.kappiyam.lingapurana.24.1) — Ativīrarāma Pāṇṭiyar 1500, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga.1.20) · Pramāṇa