[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Purāṇas](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana) › [Naradapurana](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada) › 1.14 # Naradapurana 1.14 Nāradapurāṇa 1.14 - **Language:** Sanskrit ## Contents - [1.14.70](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.70) — 1 part - [1.14.83](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.83) — 1 part - [1.14.94](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.94) — 1 part ### [1.14.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.1) dharmarāja uvāca śrutismṛtyuditaṃ dharmaṃ varṇānāmanupūrvaśaḥ / prabravīmi nṛpaśreṣṭha taṃ śṛṇuṣva samāhitaḥ // ### [1.14.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.2) yo bhuñjāno 'śuciṃ vāpi cāṇḍālaṃ patitaṃ spṛśet / krodhādajñānato vāpiṃ tasya vakṣyāmi niṣkṛtim // ### [1.14.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.3) trirātraṃ vātha ṣaḍrātraṃ yathāsaṃkhyaṃ samācaret / snānaṃ triṣavaṇaṃ viprapañcagavyena śudhyati // ### [1.14.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.4) bhuñjānasya tu viprasya kadācajitstravate gudam / ucchiṣṭatve 'śucitve ca tasya śuddhiṃ vadāmi te // ### [1.14.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.5) pūrvaṃ kṛtvā dvijaḥ śaucaṃ paścādapa upaspṛśet / ahorātroṣito bhūtvā pañcagavyena śudhyati // ### [1.14.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.6) nigiranyadi meheta bhuktvā vā mehane kṛte / ahorātroṣito bhūtvā juhuyātsarpiṣānalam // ### [1.14.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.7) yadā bhojanakāle syādaśucirbrāhmaṇaḥ kvacit / bhūmau nidhāya taṃ grāsaṃ strātvā śuddhimavānpuyāt // ### [1.14.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.8) bhakṣayitvā tu tad āsamupavālena śuddhyati / aśitvā caiva tatsarvaṃ trirātramaśucirbhavet // ### [1.14.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.9) aśrataścedvamiḥ syādvai hyasvasthastriśrataṃ japet / svasthastrīṇi sahasrāṇi gāyatryāḥ śodhanaṃ param // ### [1.14.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.10) cāṇḍālaiḥ śvaparcaiḥ spṛṣṭo viṇmūtre ca kṛte dvijaḥ // ### [1.14.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.11) trirātraṃ tu prakurvīta bhuktocchiṣṭaḥ ṣahācaret / udakyāṃ sūtikāṃvāpi saṃspṛśedantyajo yadi // ### [1.14.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.12) trirātreṇa viśuddhiḥ syāditi śātātapo 'bravīt / rajasvalā tu saṃspṛṣṭā śvabhirmātaṅgavāyasaiḥ // ### [1.14.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.13) nirāhārā śucistiṣṭetkāle snānena śuddhyati / rajasvale yadā nāryāvanyonyaṃ spṛśataḥ kvacit // ### [1.14.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.14) śuddhete brahmakūrcena brahmakūrcena copari / ucchiṣṭena ca saṃspṛṣṭo yo na snānaṃ samācaret // ### [1.14.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.15) ṛtau tu garbhaṃ śaṅkitvā snānaṃ maithuninaḥ smṛtam / anṝtau tu striyaṃ gatvā śaucaṃ mūtrapurūṣavat // ### [1.14.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.16) ubhāvapyaśucī syātāṃ dampatī yābhasaṃgatau / śayanādutthitā nārī śuciḥ syādaśuciḥ pumān // ### [1.14.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.17) bharttuḥ śarīraśuśrūṣāṃ daurātmyādaprakurvatī / daṇḍyā dvādaśakaṃ nārī varṣaṃ tyājyā dhanaṃ vinā // ### [1.14.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.18) tyajanto patitānbagandhūndaṇḍyānuttamasāhasam / pitā hi patitaḥ kāmaṃ na tu mātā kadācana // ### [1.14.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.19) ātmānaṃ ghātayedyastu rajjvādibhirupakramaiḥ / mṛte medhyena letpavyo jīvato dviśataṃ damaḥ // ### [1.14.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.20) daṇḍyāstatputramitrāṇi pratyekaṃ pāṇikaṃ damam / prāyaścittaṃ tataḥ kuryuryathāśāstrapracoditam // ### [1.14.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.21) jalāgnyudvandhanabhraṣṭāḥ pravrajyānāśakacyutāḥ / viṣaprapatanadhvastāḥ śastraghātahatāśca ye // ### [1.14.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.22) na caite pravratyavasitāḥ sarvalokabahiṣkṛtāḥ / cāndrāyaṇena śuddhyaṃnti tatpakṛcchradvayena vā // ### [1.14.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.23) ubhayāvasitaḥ pāpaśyāmacchabalakāccyutaḥ / cāndrāyaṇābhyāṃ śuddhyeta dattvā dhenuṃ tathā vṛṣam // ### [1.14.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.24) svaśṛgālaplavaṅgādyairmānuṣaiśca ratiṃ vinā / spṛṣṭaḥ strātvā śuciḥ sadyo divā saṃdhyāsu rātriṣu // ### [1.14.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.25) ajñānādvā tu yo bhuktvā cāṇḍālānnaṃ kathañcana / gomūtrayāvakāhāro māsārddhena viśuddhyati // ### [1.14.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.26) gobrāhmaṇagṛhaṃ dagdhvā mṛtaṃ codvandhanādinā / pāśaṃ chitvā tathā tasya kṛcchramekaṃ careddijaḥ // ### [1.14.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.27) cāṇḍālapulpasānāṃ ca bhuktvā hatvā ca yoṣitam / kṛcchrārdhdamācarejjñānādajñānādaindavadvayam // ### [1.14.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.28) kopālikānnabhoktṛāṇāṃ tannārīgāmināṃ tathā / agamyāgamane vipro madyago māṃsabhakṣaṇe // ### [1.14.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.29) tatpakṛcchraparikṣitpo maurvīhomena śuddhyati / mahāpātakakarttāraścatvāro 'tha viśeṣataḥ // ### [1.14.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.30) agniṃ praviśya śuddhyantisthitvāvā mahati kratau / rahasyakaraṇo 'pyevaṃ māsamabhyasya puruṣaḥ // ### [1.14.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.31) aghamarṣaṇasūktaṃ vā śuddhyedantarjale japan / rajakaścarmakāraśca naṭo buruḍa eva ca // ### [1.14.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.32) kaivarttamedabhillāśva satpaite hyantyajāḥ smṛtāḥ / bhuktvā caiṣāṃ striyo gatvā pītvā yaḥpratigṛhyate // ### [1.14.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.33) kṛcchrārddhamācarejjñānādaindavadvayam / mātaraṃ gurupatnīṃ ca duhitṛbhaginīsnuṣāḥ // ### [1.14.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.34) saṃgamya praviśedagniṃ nānyāśuddhirvidhīyate / rājñīṃ pravrajitāṃ dhātrīṃ tathāvarṇottamāmapi // ### [1.14.35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.35) gatvākṛcchradvayaṃ kuryātsagotrāmabhigamya ca / amūṣu pitṛgotrāsu mātṛgotragatāsu ca // ### [1.14.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.36) padadāreṣu sarveṣu kṛcchrārddhaṃ tapanaṃ caret / veśyābhigamane pāpaṃ vyapohanti dvijā stathā // ### [1.14.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.37) pītvā sakṛtsutatpaṃ ca pañcarātraṃ kuśodakam / gurutalpagato kuryārdbāhmaṇo vidhivadrūtam // ### [1.14.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.38) gonghasya kecidicchanti keciccaivāvakīrṇinaḥ / daṇḍādūrdhvaṃ prahāreṇa yastu gāṃ vinipātayet // ### [1.14.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.39) dviguṇaṃ govrataṃ tasya prāyaścitaṃ viśodhayet / aṅguṣṭhamātrasthūlastu bāhumātraghapramāṇakaḥ // ### [1.14.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.40) sārdrakaḥsapālāśca godaṇḍaḥ parikīrttitaḥ / gavāṃ nipātane caiva garbho 'pi saṃbhavedyadi // ### [1.14.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.41) ekaikaśaśvaretkṛcchraṃ eṣā gonghasya niṣkṛtiḥ / bandhane rodhane caiva poṣaṇe vā gavāṃ rujām // ### [1.14.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.42) saṃpadyate cenmaraṇaṃ nimittenaiva lipyate / mūrcchitaḥ patito vāpi daṇḍenābhihatastataḥ // ### [1.14.43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.43) utthāya ṣaṭpadaṃ gacchetsatpa pañcadaśāpi vā / grāsaṃ vā yadi gṛhṇīyāttoyaṃ vāpi pibedyadi // ### [1.14.44](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.44) sarvavyādhipranaṣṭānāṃ prāyaścittaṃ na vidyate / kaṣṭaloṣṭāśmabhirgāvaḥ śastrairvā nihatā yadi // ### [1.14.45](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.45) prāyaścittaṃ smṛtaṃ tatra śastre nigadyate / kāṣṭe sāntapanaṃ proktaṃ prājāpatyaṃ tu loṣṭake // ### [1.14.46](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.46) tatpakṛcchraṃ tu pāṣāṇe śastre cāpyatikṛcchrakam / auṣadhaṃ snehamāhāraṃ dadyādgobrāhmaṇeṣu ca // ### [1.14.47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.47) dīyamāne vipattiḥ syātprāyaścittaṃ tadā nahi / tailabheṣajapāne ca bheṣajānāṃ ca bhakṣaṇe // ### [1.14.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.48) niśalyakaraṇe caiva prāyaścittaṃ na vidyate / vatsānāṃ kaṇṭhabandhena kriyayābheṣajena tu // ### [1.14.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.49) sāyaṃ saṃgopanārthaṃ ca tvadoṣo roṣabandhayoḥ / pāde caivāsya romāṇi dvipāde śmaśru kevalam // ### [1.14.50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.50) tripāde tu śikhāvartaṃ mūle sarvaṃ samācaret / sarvānkeśānsamuddhṛtya chedayedaṅguladvayam // ### [1.14.51](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.51) evameva tu nārīṇāṃ muṇḍanaṃ śirasaḥ smṛtam / na stiyā vapanaṃ kāryaṃ na ca vīrāsanaṃ smṛtam // ### [1.14.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.52) na ca goṣṭe nivāso 'sti na gacchantīmanuvrajet / rājā vā rājaputragho vā brāhmaṇo vā bahuśrutaḥ // ### [1.14.53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.53) akṛtvā vapanaṃ teṣāṃ prāyaścittaṃ vinirddiśet / keśānāṃ rakṣaghaṇārthaṃ ca dviguṇaṃ vratamādiśet // ### [1.14.54](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.54) dviguṇe gatu vrate cīrṇe dviguṇā vratadakṣiṇā // ### [1.14.55](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.55) pāpaṃ na kṣīyate hanturdātā ca narakaṃ vrajet / aśrautasmārtavihitaṃ prāyaścittaṃ vadanti ye // ### [1.14.56](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.56) tāndharmavinghakartṝṃśca rājā daṇḍena pīḍayet / na caitānpīḍayedrājā kathañcitkāmamohitaḥ // ### [1.14.57](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.57) tatpāpaṃ śatadhābhūtvā tameva parisarpati / prāyaścitte tataścīrṇe kuryādbrāhmaṇabhojanam // ### [1.14.58](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.58) viṃśatirgā vṛṣaṃ caikaṃ dadyātteṣāṃ ca dakṣiṇām / krimibhistṛṇa saṃbhūtairmakṣikādinipātitaiḥ // ### [1.14.59](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.59) kṛcchrārddhaṃ sa prakurvīta śaktyā dadyāñca dakṣiṇām / prāyaścittaṃ ca kṛtvā vai bhojayitvā dvijottamān // ### [1.14.60](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.60) suvarṇamānikaṃ dadyāttataḥ śuddhirvidhīyate / cāṇḍālaśvapacaiḥ spṛṣṭe niśi snānaṃ vidhīyate // ### [1.14.61](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.61) na vasettatra rātrau tu sadyaḥ snānena śuddhyati / vasedatha yadā rātrāvajñānādavicakṣaṇaḥ // ### [1.14.62](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.62) tadā tasya tu tatpāpaṃ śatadhā parivartate / udgacchanti ca nakṣatrāṇyupariṣṭācca ye grahāḥ // ### [1.14.63](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.63) saṃspṛṣṭe raśmibhisteṣāmudakasnānamācaret / yāścāntarjalavalmīkamūṣikoṣaravartmasu // ### [1.14.64](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.64) śmaśāne śaucaśeṣe ca na grāhyāḥ satpa mṛttikāḥ / iṣṭāpūrtaṃ tu karttavyaṃ brāhmaṇena prayatnataḥ // ### [1.14.65](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.65) iṣṭena labhate svargaṃ mokṣaṃ pūrttena cānpuyāt / vittakṣepo bhavediṣṭaṃ taḍāgaṃ pūrttamucyate // ### [1.14.66](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.66) ārāmaśca viśeṣeṇa devadroṇyastathaiva ca / vāpīkūpataḍāgāni devatāyatanāni ca // ### [1.14.67](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.67) patitānyuddharedyastu sa pūrvaphalamaśnute / śuklāyā āharenmūtraṃ kṛṣṇāyā goḥ śakṛttathā // ### [1.14.68](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.68) tāmrāyāśca payo grāhyaṃ śvetāyāśca dadhi smṛtam / kapilāyā ghṛtaṃ grāhyaṃ mahāpātakanāśanam // ### [1.14.69](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.69) kuśaistīrthanadītauyaiḥ sarvadravyaṃ pṛthak pṛthak / āhṛtya praṇavenaiva utthāpya praṇavena ca // ### [1.14.70](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.70) praṇavena samāloḍya praṇavenaiva saṃpibet / pālāśe madhyame parṇe bhāṇḍe tāmramaye śubhe // ### [1.14.70.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.70.p1) pibetpuṣkaraparṇe vā mṛnmaye vā kuśodakam / ### [1.14.71](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.71) sūtake tu samutpanne dvitīye samupasthite // ### [1.14.72](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.72) dvitīye nāsti doṣastu prathamenaiva śudhyati / jātena śudhyate jātaṃ mṛtena mṛtakaṃ tathā // ### [1.14.73](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.73) garbhasaṃstravaṇe māse trīṇyahāni vinirdiśet // ### [1.14.74](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.74) rātribhirmāsatulyābhirgarbhastrāve viśuddhyati / rajasyuparate sādhvī snanena strī rajasvalā // ### [1.14.75](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.75) svagotrādbhṛśyate nārī vivāhātsatpame pade / svāmigotreṇa karttavyāstasyāḥ piṇḍodakakriyāḥ // ### [1.14.76](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.76) uddeśyaṃ piṇḍadāne syātpiṇḍe piṇḍe dvināmataḥ / ṣaṇṇāṃ deyāstrayaḥ piṇḍā evaṃ dātā na muhyati // ### [1.14.77](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.77) svena bhartrā sahasrābdaṃ mātābhuktā sudaivatam / pitāmahyapi svenaiva svenaiva prapitāmahī // ### [1.14.78](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.78) varṣe tu kurvīta mātāpitrostu satkṛtim / adaivaṃ bhojayecchrāddhaṃ piṇḍamekaṃ tu nirvapet // ### [1.14.79](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.79) nityaṃ naimittikaṃ kāmyaṃ vṛddhiśrāddhamathāparam / pārvaṇaṃ ceti vijñeyaṃ śrāddhaṃ pañcavidhaṃ budhaiḥ // ### [1.14.80](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.80) grahoparāge saṃkrāntau parvotsa vamalālaye / nirvapertrīnnaraḥ piṇḍānekameva mṛte 'hani // ### [1.14.81](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.81) anūḍha na pṛthakkanyā piṇḍe gotre ca sūtake / pāṇigrahaṇamantrābhyāṃ svagotrādbhraśyate tataḥ // ### [1.14.82](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.82) yena yena tu varṇena yā kānyā pariṇīyate / tatsamaṃ sūtakaṃ yāti tathāpiṇḍodake 'pi ca // ### [1.14.83](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.83) vivāhe caiva saṃvṛtte caturthe 'hanirātriṣu / ekatvaṃ sā vrajedbhartuḥ piṇḍe gotre ca sūtake // ### [1.14.83.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.83.p1) prathame 'ṅni dvitīye vā tṛtīye vā caturthake / ### [1.14.84](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.84) asthisaṃcayanaṃ kāryaṃ bandhubhirhitabuddhibhiḥ // ### [1.14.85](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.85) caturthe pañcame caiva satpame navame tathā / asthisaṃcayanaṃ proktaṃ varṇānāmanupūrvaśaḥ // ### [1.14.86](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.86) ekādaśāhe pretasya yasya cotsṛjyate vṛṣaḥ / mucyate pretalokātsa svargaloke mahīyate // ### [1.14.87](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.87) nābhimātre jale sthitvā hṛdayena tu cintayet / āgacchantu me pitaro gṛhṇantvetāājāñjalīn // ### [1.14.88](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.88) hastau kṛtvā tu saṃyuktau pūracitvā jalena ca / gośṛṅgamātramuddhṛtya jalamadhye viniḥ kṣipet // ### [1.14.89](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.89) ākāśe ca kṣipedvāri vāristho dakṣaghiṇāmukhaḥ / pitṝṇāṃ sthānamākāśaṃ dakṣiṇādik tathaiva ca // ### [1.14.90](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.90) āpo devagaṇāḥ proktā āpaḥ pitṛgaṇāstathā / tasmādasya jalaṃ deyaṃ pitṝṇāṃ hitamicchatā // ### [1.14.91](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.91) divāsūryāṃśusaṃtatpaṃ rātrau nakṣatramārutaiḥ / madhyayorapyubhābhyāṃ ca pavitraṃ sarvadā jalam // ### [1.14.92](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.92) svabhāvayuktamavyaktamamedhyena sadā śuciḥ / bhāṇḍasthaṃ dharaṇīsthaṃ vā pavitraṃ sarvadā jalam // ### [1.14.93](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.93) devatānāṃ pitṝṇāṃ ca jalaṃ dadyājjalāñjalīn / asaṃskṛtapramītānāṃ sthale dadyādvicakṣaṇaḥ // ### [1.14.94](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.94) śraddhe havanakāle ca dadyādekena pāṇinā / ubhābhyāṃ tarpaṇe dadyādeṣa dharmo vyavasthitaḥ // ### [1.14.94.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14.94.p1) iti śrībṛhannāradīyapurāṇe pūrvabhāge prathamapāde dharmaśāntinirdeśo nāma caturdaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ## Linked texts (4) - [Laghuyamasmṛti (99-verse version)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.yama*laghu.2) — Sanskrit - [Brahmāṇḍapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.brahmanda.2.12.35) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Smṛtīnāṃ Samuccayaḥ](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.upasmrti.smrtisamuccaya.41.2) — Sanskrit - [Kṛtyasārasamuccaya (Amṛtanātha Jhā Śarman)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.krtya.krtyasarasamuccaya.2.p292) — Amṛtanātha Jhā Śarman 1800, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada.1.14) · Pramāṇa