<!-- Pramāṇa, a library of Indian primary sources · https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45 -->

[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Purāṇas](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana) › [Padmapurana](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma) › 1.45

# Padmapurana 1.45: paṃcacatvāriṃśattamo'dhyāyaḥ

Padmapurāṇa 1.45

- **Language:** Sanskrit

## Contents

- [1.45.197](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.197) — 1 part

### paṃcacatvāriṃśattamo'dhyāyaḥ

### [1.45.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.1)

bhīṣmauvācaidānīṃśrotumicchāmihiraṇyakaśiporvadham  
narasiṃhasyamāhātmyaṃtathāpāpavināśanam

### [1.45.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.2)

pulastyauvācapurākṛtayugerājanhiraṇyakaśipuḥ prabhuḥ  
daityānāmādipuruṣaścakārasumahattapaḥ

### [1.45.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.3)

daśavarṣasahasrāṇidaśavarṣaśatānica  
jalavāsīsamabhavatsnānamaunadhṛtavrataḥ

### [1.45.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.4)

vṛtaḥśamadamābhyāṃcabrahmacaryeṇacaivahi  
brahmāprītobhavattasyatapasāniyamenaca

### [1.45.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.5)

tataḥ svayaṃbhūrbhagavānsvayamāgatyatatrahi  
vimānenārkavarṇenahaṃsayuktenabhāsvatā

### [1.45.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.6)

ādityairvasubhiḥsādhyairmarudbhirdaivataissaha  
rudrairviśvasahāyaiścayakṣarākṣasapannagaiḥ

### [1.45.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.7)

digbhiścaivavidigbhiścanadībhiḥsāgaraistathā  
nakṣatraiścamuhūrtaiścakhacaraiścamahāgrahaiḥ

### [1.45.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.8)

devairbrahmarṣibhiḥsārddhaṃsiddhaiḥ saptarṣibhistathā  
rājarṣibhiḥ puṇyakṛdbhirgaṃdharvāpsarasāṃgaṇaiḥ

### [1.45.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.9)

carācaraguruḥśrīmānvṛtaḥsarvairdivaukasaiḥ  
brahmābrahmavidāṃśreṣṭhodaityaṃvacanamabravīt

### [1.45.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.10)

prītosmitavabhaktasyatapasānenasuvrata  
varaṃvarayabhadraṃteyatheṣṭaṃkāmamāpnuhi

### [1.45.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.11)

hiraṇyakaśipuruvācanadevāsuragaṃdharvānayakṣoragarākṣasāḥ  
namānuṣāḥ piśācāścahanyurmāṃdevasattama

### [1.45.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.12)

ṛṣayomānavāḥśāpairnaśapeyuḥpitāmaha  
yadimebhagavānprītovaraeṣavṛtomayā

### [1.45.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.13)

naśastreṇanacāstreṇagiriṇāpādapenavā  
naśuṣkeṇanacārdreṇanasyāccānyenamevadhaḥ

### [1.45.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.14)

bhaveyamahamevārkaḥsomovāyurhutāśanaḥ  
salilaṃcāṃtarikṣaṃcanakṣatrāṇidiśodaśa

### [1.45.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.15)

ahaṃkrodhaścakāmaścavaruṇovāsavoyamaḥ  
dhanadaścadhanādhyakṣoyakṣaḥkiṃpuruṣādhipaḥ

### [1.45.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.16)

brahmovāca -  
eṣadivyovarastātamayādattastavādbhutaḥ  
sarvakāmapradovatsaprāpsyasitvaṃnasaṃśayaḥ

### [1.45.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.17)

evamuktvāsabhagavānjagāmākāśamevahi  
vairājaṃbrahmasadanaṃbrahmarṣigaṇasevitam

### [1.45.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.18)

tatodevāścagaṃdharvāṛṣibhiḥsahacāraṇāḥ  
varapradānaṃśrutvaivaṃpitāmahamupasthitāḥ

### [1.45.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.19)

devāūcuḥvarapradānādbhagavanvadhiṣyatisanosuraḥ  
tatprasādaścabhagavanvadhopyasyaviciṃtyatām

### [1.45.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.20)

bhagavānsarvabhūtānāmādikarttāsvayaṃprabhuḥ  
sraṣṭācahavyakavyānāmavyaktaprakṛtiḥparaḥ

### [1.45.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.21)

sarvalokahitaṃvākyaṃśrutvādevaḥprajāpatiḥ  
āśvāsayāmāsatadāsuśītairvacanāṃbubhiḥ

### [1.45.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.22)

avaśyaṃtridaśānenaprāptavyaṃtapasaḥphalaṃ  
tapaso'ntesyabhagavānvadhaṃviṣṇuḥkariṣyati

### [1.45.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.23)

tacchrutvāvibudhāvākyaṃsarvepaṃkajajānanāt  
svānisthānānidivyāniviprajagmurmudānvitāḥ

### [1.45.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.24)

labdhamātrevaresothaprajāssarvāabādhata  
hiraṇyakaśipurdaityovaradānenagarvitaḥ

### [1.45.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.25)

āśrameṣumahābhāgānmunīnvaiśaṃsitavratān  
satyadharmaparāndāntāndharṣayāmāsadānavaḥ

### [1.45.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.26)

devāṃstribhuvanasthāṃścaparājityamahāsuraḥ  
trailokyaṃvaśamānīyasvargevasatidānavaḥ

### [1.45.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.27)

yadāvaramadotsiktaścoditaḥkāladharmiṇā  
yajñiyānakaroddaityānayajñīyāṃścadaivatān

### [1.45.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.28)

tathādaityāścasādhyāścaviśvecavasavastathā  
rudrādevagaṇāyakṣādevadvijamaharṣayaḥ

### [1.45.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.29)

śaraṇyaṃśaraṇaṃviṣṇumupatasthurmahābalam  
devadevaṃyajñamayaṃvāsudevaṃsanātanam

### [1.45.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.30)

devāūcuḥnārāyaṇamahābhāgadevāstvāṃśaraṇaṃgatāḥ  
trāyasvajahidaityeṃdraṃhiraṇyakaśipuṃprabho

### [1.45.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.31)

tvaṃhinaḥparamodātātvaṃhinaḥparamoguruḥ  
tvaṃhinaḥparamodevobrahmādīnāṃsurottamaḥ

### [1.45.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.32)

viṣṇuruvācabhayaṃtyajaddhvamamarāabhayaṃvodadāmyaham  
tathaivatridivaṃdevāḥ pratipadyatamāciram

### [1.45.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.33)

enaṃhisagaṇaṃdaityaṃvaradānenagarvitam  
avadhyamamareṃdrāṇāṃdānaveṃdraṃnihanmyaham

### [1.45.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.34)

evamuktvātubhagavānviśvapoviṣṇuravyayaḥ  
hiraṇyakaśipusthānaṃjagāmaharirīśvaraḥ

### [1.45.35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.35)

tejasābhāskārākāraḥśaśīkāṃtyevacāparaḥ  
narasyakṛtvārdhatanuṃsiṃhasyārddhatanuṃtathā

### [1.45.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.36)

nārasiṃhenavapuṣāpāṇiṃsaṃgṛhyapāṇinā  
tatodadarśavistīrṇāṃdivyāṃramyāṃmanoramām

### [1.45.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.37)

sarvakāmayutāṃśubhrāṃhiraṇyakaśipoḥsabhām  
vistīrṇāṃyojanaśataṃśatamadhyarddhamāyatām

### [1.45.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.38)

vaihāyasīṃkāmagamāṃpaṃcayojanamucchritām  
jarāśokakṣamāpetāṃniṣprakampyāṃśivāṃsukhām

### [1.45.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.39)

veśmāsanavatīṃramyāṃjvalaṃtīmivatejasā  
aṃtaḥsalilasaṃyuktāṃvihitāṃviśvakarmaṇā

### [1.45.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.40)

divyavarṇamayairvṛkṣaiḥphalapuṣpapradairyutām  
nīlapītāsitaśyāmaiḥśvetairlohitakairapi

### [1.45.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.41)

avadātaistathāgulmairaktamaṃjaridhāribhiḥ  
sitābhraghanasaṃkāśāṃplavaṃtīṃcadadarśasaḥ

### [1.45.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.42)

raśmimatīsvabhāvenadivyagaṃdhamanoramā  
susukhānacaduḥkhāsānaśītānacagharmadā

### [1.45.43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.43)

nakṣutpipāseglāniṃvāprāpyatāṃprāpnuvaṃtite  
nānarūpairupakṛtāsucitraiścasubhāsvaraiḥ

### [1.45.44](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.44)

aticaṃdrātisūryātiśikhikāntisvayaṃprabhā  
dīpyatenākapṛṣṭhasthābhāsayaṃtīvibhāsurā

### [1.45.45](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.45)

sarvecakāśiretasyāṃmuditāścaivamānuṣāḥ  
rasavaccaprabhūtaṃcabhakṣyabhojyānnamuttamaṃ

### [1.45.46](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.46)

puṇyagaṃdhāsrajaścāpinityakālaphalādrumāḥ  
uṣṇeśītānitoyāniśītecoṣṇānisaṃtivai

### [1.45.47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.47)

puṣpitāgrānmahāśākhānpravālāṃkuradhāriṇaḥ  
latāvitānasaṃchannānkalpānaikṣiṣṭhasaprabhuḥ

### [1.45.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.48)

gaṃdhavaṃticapuṣpāṇirasavaṃtiphalānica  
tāniśītānicoṣṇānitatratatrasarāṃsica

### [1.45.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.49)

apaśyadbhūpatīrthānisabhāyāṃtasyasaprabhuḥ  
nalinaiḥpuṃḍarīkaiścaśatapatraiḥsugaṃdhibhiḥ

### [1.45.50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.50)

raktaiḥkuvalayaiścaivakalhārairutpalaistathā  
nānāścaryasamopetaiḥpuṣpairanyaiścasupriyaiḥ

### [1.45.51](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.51)

kāraṃḍavaiścakravākaiḥsārasaiḥkurarairapi  
vimalasphaṭikābhānipāṃḍuracchadanairdvijaiḥ

### [1.45.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.52)

bahuhaṃsopagītānisārasānāṃrutānica  
gaṃdhayuktālatāstatrapuṣpamaṃjaridhāriṇīḥ

### [1.45.53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.53)

dṛṣṭavānbhagavānhṛṣṭaḥkhadirānvetasārjunān  
cūtānimbānāgavṛkṣāḥkadaṃbāvakulādhavāḥ

### [1.45.54](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.54)

priyaṃgavaḥpāṭalākhyāḥśālmalyassaharidravāḥ  
śālāstālāstamālāścacaṃpakāścamanoramāḥ

### [1.45.55](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.55)

tathaivānyevyarājaṃtasabhāyāṃpuṣpitādrumāḥ  
elākakubhakaṃkolalavalīkarṇapūrakāḥ

### [1.45.56](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.56)

madhukāḥkovidārāścabahutālasamucchrayāḥ  
aṃjanāśokaparṇāsābahavaścitrakādrumāḥ

### [1.45.57](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.57)

varuṇāścapalāśāścāpanasāssahacaṃdanaiḥ  
nīlāssumanasaścaivanīpāścāśvatthatiṃdukāḥ

### [1.45.58](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.58)

pārijātāścataravomallikābhadradāravaḥ  
aṭarūṣāḥpīlūkāścatathācaivailavālukāḥ

### [1.45.59](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.59)

maṃdārakāḥkuravakāpunnāgāḥkuṭajāstathā  
raktāḥkuravakāścaivanīlāścāgarubhiḥsaha

### [1.45.60](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.60)

kiṃśukāścaivabhavyāścadāḍimābījapūrakāḥ  
kāleyakādukūlāścahiṃgavastailavarttikāḥ

### [1.45.61](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.61)

kharjūrānālikerāścaharītakamadhūkakāḥ  
saptaparṇāścabilvāścasayāvāścaśarāvatāḥ

### [1.45.62](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.62)

asanāścatamālāścanānāgulmasamāvṛtāḥ  
latāścavividhākārāḥpuṣpapatraphalopagāḥ

### [1.45.63](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.63)

etecānyecabahavastatrakānanajādrumāḥ  
nānāpuṣpaphalopetāvyarājaṃtasamaṃtataḥ

### [1.45.64](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.64)

cakorāḥśatapatrāścamattakokilaśārikāḥ  
puṣpitānpuṣpitāgrāṃścasaṃpataṃtimahādrumān

### [1.45.65](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.65)

raktapītāruṇāstatrapādapāgragatāḥkhagāḥ  
parasparamavaikṣaṃtaprahṛṣṭājīvajīvikāḥ

### [1.45.66](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.66)

tasyāṃsabhāyāṃdaityeṃdrohiraṇyakaśipustadā  
āsīnaāsanecitredaśanalbepramāṇataḥ

### [1.45.67](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.67)

divākaranibhedivyedivyāstaraṇasaṃstṛte  
hiraṇyakaśipurdaityaāstejvalitakuṃḍalaḥ

### [1.45.68](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.68)

upacerurmahādaityāhiraṇyakaśipuṃtadā  
divyatālānigītānijagurgaṃdharvasattamāḥ

### [1.45.69](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.69)

viśvācīsahajanyācapramloceticapūjitā  
divyāthasaurabheyīcasamīcīpuṃjikasthalā

### [1.45.70](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.70)

miśrakeśīcaraṃbhācacitrabhāśrutivibhramā  
cārunetrāghṛtācīcamenakācorvaśītathā

### [1.45.71](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.71)

etāssahasraśaścānyānṛtyagītaviśāradāḥ  
upātiṣṭhaṃtarājānaṃhiraṇyakaśipuṃprabhum

### [1.45.72](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.72)

upāsatediteḥputrāḥsarvelabdhavarāstathā  
balirvirocanastatranarakaḥpṛthivīsutaḥ

### [1.45.73](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.73)

prahrādovipracittiścagaviṣṭhaścamahāsuraḥ  
surahantāduḥkhakartāsamanāssumatistathā

### [1.45.74](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.74)

ghaṭodaromahāpārśvaḥkrathanaḥpiṭharastathā  
viśvarūpasvarūpaścaviśvakāyomahābalaḥ

### [1.45.75](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.75)

daśagrīvaścavālīcameghavāsāmahāsuraḥ  
ghaṭābhoviṭarūpaścajvalanaśceṃdratāpanaḥ

### [1.45.76](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.76)

daityadānavasaṃghāstesarvejvalitakuṃḍalāḥ  
sragviṇovarmiṇaḥsarvesarvecacaritavratāḥ

### [1.45.77](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.77)

sarvelabdhavarāḥśūrāssarvevihitamṛtyavaḥ  
etecānyecabahavohiraṇyakaśipuṃprabhum

### [1.45.78](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.78)

upāsatemahātmānaṃsarvedivyaparicchadāḥ  
vimānairvividhākārairbhrājamānairivāgnibhiḥ

### [1.45.79](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.79)

mahendravapuṣaḥsarvevicitrāṃgadabāhavaḥ  
bhūṣitāṃgāditeḥputrāstamupāsatasarvataḥ

### [1.45.80](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.80)

eśvaryaṃdaityasiṃhasyayathātasyamahātmanaḥ  
naśrutaṃnaivadṛṣṭaṃcakasyāpibhuvanatraye

### [1.45.81](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.81)

rajatakanakacitravedikāyāṃparikṛtaratnavicitravīthikāyām  
sadadarśamṛgādhipaḥsabhāyāṃsurucirajālagavākṣaśobhitāyām

### [1.45.82](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.82)

kanakavalayahārabhūṣitāṃgaṃdititanayaṃsamṛgādhipodadarśa  
divasakarakaraprabhāṃjvalaṃtaṃditijasahasraśatairniṣevyamāṇam

### [1.45.83](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.83)

tatodṛṣṭvāmahābhāgaṃkālacakramivāgatam  
nārasiṃhavapuśchannaṃbhasmacchannamivānalam

### [1.45.84](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.84)

hiraṇyakaśipoḥputraḥprahrādonāmavīryavān  
divyenavapuṣāsiṃhamapaśyaddevamāgatam

### [1.45.85](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.85)

taṃdṛṣṭvārukmaśailābhāmapūrvāṃtanumāśritam  
vismitādānavāḥsarvehiraṇyakaśipuścasaḥ

### [1.45.86](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.86)

prahrādauvācamahārājamahābāhodaityānāmādisaṃbhava  
naśrutaṃnaivamedṛṣṭaṃnārasiṃhamidaṃvapuḥ

### [1.45.87](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.87)

avyaktaṃparamaṃdivyaṃkimidaṃrūpamāgatam  
daityāṃtakaraṇaṃghoraṃśaṃsatīvamanomama

### [1.45.88](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.88)

asyadevāḥśarīrasthāḥsāgarāḥsaritastathā  
himavānpāriyātraścayecānyekulaparvatāḥ

### [1.45.89](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.89)

caṃdramāssahanakṣatrairādityāraśmibhiḥsaha  
dhanadovaruṇaścaivayamaḥśakraḥśacīpatiḥ

### [1.45.90](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.90)

marutodevagaṃdharvāṛṣayaścatapodhanāḥ  
nāgāyakṣāḥpiśācāścarākṣasābhīmavikramāḥ

### [1.45.91](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.91)

brahmādevāḥpaśupatirlalāṭasthābhramaṃtihi  
sthāvarāṇicasarvāṇijaṃgamānitathaivaca

### [1.45.92](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.92)

bhavāṃścasahitosmābhiḥsarvairdaityagaṇairvṛtaḥ  
vimānaśatasaṃkīrṇāsarvāyābhavataḥsabhā

### [1.45.93](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.93)

sarvaṃtribhuvanaṃrājanlokadharmaścaśāśvataḥ  
dṛśyatenarasiṃhesmiṃstathedaṃnikhilaṃjagat

### [1.45.94](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.94)

prajāpatiścātramanurmahātmāgrahāścayogāścamahīnabhaśca  
utpātakālaścadhṛtirmatiścaratiścasatyaṃcatapodamaśca

### [1.45.95](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.95)

sanatkumāraścamahānubhāvoviśvecadevāṣayaścasarve  
krodhaścakāmaścatathaivaharṣodarpaścamohaḥpitaraścasarve

### [1.45.96](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.96)

prahrādasyavacaḥśrutvāhiraṇyakaśipuḥprabhuḥ  
uvācadānavānsarvāngaṇāṃścasagaṇādhipaḥ

### [1.45.97](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.97)

mṛgeṃdrogṛhyatāmeṣaapūrvāṃtanumāsthitaḥ  
yadivāsaṃśayaḥkaścidvadhyatāṃvanagocaraḥ

### [1.45.98](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.98)

tedānavagaṇāssarvemṛgeṃdraṃbhīmavikram  
parikṣipaṃtomuditāstrāsayāmāsurojasā

### [1.45.99](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.99)

siṃhanādaṃvimucyāthanarasiṃhomahābalaḥ  
babhaṃjatāṃsabhāṃsarvāṃvyāditāsyaivāṃtakaḥ

### [1.45.100](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.100)

sabhāyāṃbhajyamānāyāṃhiraṇyakaśipuḥsvayam  
cikṣepāstrāṇisiṃhasyaroṣavyākulalocanaḥ

### [1.45.101](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.101)

sarvāstrāṇāmathaśreṣṭhaṃdaṃḍamastraṃsudāruṇam  
kālacakraṃtathāghoraṃviṣṇucakraṃtathāparaṃ

### [1.45.102](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.102)

paitāmahaṃmahātyugraṃtrailokyanirmitaṃmahat  
vicitrāmaśaniṃcaivaśuṣkārdraṃcāśanidvayam

### [1.45.103](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.103)

raudraṃtathograśūlaṃcakaṃkālaṃmusalaṃtathā  
astraṃbrahmaśiraścaivabrāhmamastraṃtathaivaca

### [1.45.104](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.104)

nārāyaṇāstramaiṃdraṃcaāgneyaṃśaiśiraṃtathā  
vāyavyaṃmathanaṃcaivakapālamathakiṃkaram

### [1.45.105](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.105)

tathāpratihatāṃśaktiṃkraucamastraṃtathaivaca  
mohanaṃśoṣaṇaṃcaivasaṃtāpanavilāpane

### [1.45.106](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.106)

kaṃpanaṃśātanaṃcaivamahāstraṃcaivarodhanam  
kālamudgaramakṣobhyaṃtāpanaṃcamahābalam

### [1.45.107](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.107)

saṃvartanaṃmohanaṃcatathāmāyādharaṃvaram  
gāndharvamastraṃdayitamasiratnaṃcanaṃdakam

### [1.45.108](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.108)

prasvāpanaṃpramathanaṃvāruṇaṃcāstramuttamam  
astraṃpāśupataṃcaivayasyāpratihatāgatiḥ

### [1.45.109](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.109)

etānyastrāṇidivyānihiraṇyakaśipustadā  
asṛjannarasiṃhasyadīptasyāgnerivāhutim

### [1.45.110](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.110)

astraiḥprajvalitaiḥsiṃhamāvṛṇodasurottamaḥ  
vivasvāngharmasamayehimavaṃtamivāṃśubhiḥ

### [1.45.111](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.111)

sahyamarṣānilodbhūtodaityānāṃsainyasāgaraḥ  
kṣaṇenāplāvayatsarvaṃmainākamivasāgaraḥ

### [1.45.112](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.112)

prāsaiḥpāśaiścakhaḍgaiścagadābhirmusalaistathā  
vajrairaśanibhiścaivabahuśākhairmahādrumaiḥ

### [1.45.113](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.113)

mudgaraiḥkūṭapāśaiścaśilolūkhalaparvataiḥ  
śataghnībhiścadīptābhirdaṃḍairapisudāruṇaiḥ

### [1.45.114](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.114)

tedānavāḥpāśagṛhītahastāmaheṃdratulyāśanitulyavegāḥ  
samaṃtatobhyudyatabāhukāyāḥsthitāḥsaśīrṣāivanāgapotāḥ

### [1.45.115](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.115)

suvarṇamālākulabhūṣitāṃgāḥsutīkṣṇadaṃṣṭrākulavaktragartāḥ  
sphuratprabhāstecasaśṛṃgadehāścīnāṃśukābhāṃtiyathaivahaṃsāḥ

### [1.45.116](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.116)

sosṛjaddānavomāyāmagniṃvāyuṃsamīritam  
tamiṃdrastoyadaiḥsārdhaṃsahasrākṣomahādyutiḥ

### [1.45.117](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.117)

mahatātoyavarṣeṇaśamayamāsapāvakam  
tasyāṃpratihatāyāṃtumāyāyāṃyudhidānavaḥ

### [1.45.118](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.118)

asṛjadghorasaṃkāśaṃtamastīvraṃsamaṃtataḥ  
tamasāsaṃvṛtelokedaityeṣvāttāyudheṣuca

### [1.45.119](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.119)

svatejasāparivṛtodivākaraivodgataḥ  
triśikhāṃbhrukuṭīmasyadadṛśurdānavāraṇe

### [1.45.120](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.120)

lalāṭasthāṃtrikūṭasthāṃgaṃgāṃtripathagāmiva  
tataḥsarvāsumāyāsuhatāsuditinaṃdanāḥ

### [1.45.121](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.121)

hiraṇyakaśipuṃdaityāviṣaṇṇāśśaraṇaṃyayuḥ  
tataḥprajvalitaḥkrodhātpradahannivatejasā

### [1.45.122](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.122)

tasminkruddhetudaityeṃdretamobhūtamabhūjjagat  
āvahaḥpravahaścaivavivahothasamīraṇaḥ

### [1.45.123](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.123)

parāvahassaṃvahaścaudvahaścamahābalaḥ  
tathāparivahaḥśrīmānutpātabhayaśaṃsinaḥ

### [1.45.124](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.124)

ityevaṃkṣubhitāḥsaptamarutogaganecarāḥ  
yegrahāssarvalokasyakṣayeprādurbhavaṃtihi

### [1.45.125](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.125)

tesarvegaganehṛṣṭāvyacaraṃścayathāsukham  
ayogataścāpyacaradyogaṃniśiniśācaraḥ

### [1.45.126](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.126)

sagrahaḥsahanakṣatraistārāpatirariṃdama  
vivarṇatāṃcabhagavāngatodividivākaraḥ

### [1.45.127](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.127)

kṛṣṇaḥkabaṃdhaścatadālakṣyatesumahāndivi  
asṛjaccāsitāṃsūryodhūmavattāṃvibhāvasuḥ

### [1.45.128](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.128)

gaganasthaścabhagavānabhīkṣṇaṃpariviṣyate  
saptadhūmanibhāghorāḥsūryādivisamutthitāḥ

### [1.45.129](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.129)

somasyagaganasthasyagrahāstiṣṭhaṃtiśṛṃṅgagāḥ  
vāmecadakṣiṇecaivasthitauśukrabṛhaspatī

### [1.45.130](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.130)

śanaiścarolohitāṃgolohitāṃgasamadyutiḥ  
samaṃsamadhirohaṃtasarvevaigaganecarāḥ

### [1.45.131](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.131)

śṛṃgāṇiśanakairghorāyugāṃtāvarttanagrahāḥ  
caṃdramāścasanakṣatrograhaiḥsahatamonudaḥ

### [1.45.132](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.132)

carācaravināśāyarohiṇīṃnābhyanaṃdata  
gṛhītorāhuṇācandraulkābhirabhihanyate

### [1.45.133](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.133)

ulkāḥprajvalitāścaṃdrevyacaraṃtayathāsukham  
devānāmadhipodevaḥsopyavarṣataśoṇitam

### [1.45.134](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.134)

apatadgaganādulkāvidyudrūpāmahāsvanā  
akālecadrumāssarvepuṣpyaṃticaphalaṃtica

### [1.45.135](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.135)

latāścasaphalāḥsarvāyāāhurdaityanāśikāḥ  
phalephalānyajāyaṃtapuṣpepuṣpaṃtathaivaca

### [1.45.136](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.136)

unmīlaṃtinimīlaṃtihasaṃtiprarudaṃtica  
vikrośaṃticagaṃbhīraṃdhūmāyaṃtejvalaṃtica

### [1.45.137](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.137)

pratimāssarvadevānāṃkathayaṃtyomahadbhayam  
āraṇyaiḥsahasaṃsṛṣṭāgrāmyāścamṛgapakṣiṇaḥ

### [1.45.138](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.138)

cukruśurbhairavaṃtatramṛgayuddhaupasthite  
nadyaścapratikūlānivahaṃtikaluṣodakāḥ

### [1.45.139](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.139)

naprākāśaṃtacadiśoraktareṇusamākulāḥ  
vānaspatyānapūjyaṃtepūjanārhāḥkathaṃcana

### [1.45.140](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.140)

vāyuvegenahanyaṃtebhajyaṃtepraṇamaṃtica  
tathācasarvabhūtānāṃchāyānaparivarttate

### [1.45.141](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.141)

apareṇagatesūryesalokānāṃyugakṣaye  
tadāhiraṇyakaśipordaityasyopariveśmanaḥ

### [1.45.142](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.142)

bhāṃḍāgārāyudhāgāreniviṣṭamabhavanmadhu  
asurāṇāṃvināśāyasurāṇāṃvijayāyaca

### [1.45.143](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.143)

dṛśyaṃtevividhotpātāghorāghoranidarśanāḥ  
etecānyecabahavoghorarūpāḥsamutthitāḥ

### [1.45.144](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.144)

daityeṃdrasyavināśāyadṛśyaṃteraṇaśaṃsinaḥ  
medinyāṃkaṃpamānāyāṃdaityeṃdreṇamahātmanaḥ

### [1.45.145](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.145)

mahīdharānāgagaṇānipeturamitaujasaḥ  
viṣajvālākulairvaktrairvimuṃcaṃtohutāśanam

### [1.45.146](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.146)

catuḥśīrṣāḥpaṃcaśīrṣāḥsaptaśīrṣāścapannagāḥ  
vāsukistakṣakaścaivakarkoṭakadhanaṃjayau

### [1.45.147](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.147)

elāmukhaḥkāliyaścamahāpadmaścavīryavān  
sahasraśīrṣaśśuddhāṃgohematāladhvajaḥprabhuḥ

### [1.45.148](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.148)

śeṣonaṃtomahānāgohyaprakaṃpyaścakaṃpitāḥ  
dīpyaṃteṃtarjalasthānipṛthivīvivarāṇivai

### [1.45.149](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.149)

saptadaityeṃdrakopenakaṃpitānisamaṃtataḥ  
nānātejodharāścāpipātālatalacāriṇaḥ

### [1.45.150](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.150)

pātālesahasākṣubdheduṣprakaṃpyāḥprakaṃpitāḥ  
hiraṇyakaśipurdaityastadāsaṃspṛṣṭavānmahīm

### [1.45.151](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.151)

saṃdaṣṭauṣṭhapuṭaḥkruddhovarāhaivapūrvajaḥ  
gaṃgābhāgīrathīcaivakauśikīsarayūrapi

### [1.45.152](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.152)

yamunācāthakāverīkṛṣṇaveṇīcanimnagā  
tuṃgabhadrāmahāvegānadīgodāvarītathā

### [1.45.153](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.153)

carmaṇvatīcasiṃdhuścatathānadanadīpatiḥ  
melakaprabhavaścaivaśoṇomaṇinibhodakaḥ

### [1.45.154](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.154)

narmadācaśubhasrotāstathāvetravatīnadī  
gomatīgokulākīrṇātathāpūrvāsarasvatī

### [1.45.155](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.155)

mahākālamahīcaivatamasāpuṣpavāhinī  
jaṃbūdvīpaṃratnavaccasarvaratnopaśobhitam

### [1.45.156](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.156)

suvarṇapuṭakaṃcaivasuvarṇākaramaṃḍitam  
mahānadaścalauhityaśśailaḥkāṃcanaśobhitaḥ

### [1.45.157](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.157)

pattanaṃkośakārāṇāṃkaśaṃcarajatākaram  
magadhāścamahāgrāmāḥpuṇḍrāugrāstathaivaca

### [1.45.158](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.158)

srughnāmallāvidehāścamālavāḥkāśikosalāḥ  
bhavanaṃvainateyasyadaityeṃdreṇābhikaṃpitam

### [1.45.159](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.159)

kailāsaśikharākāraṃyatkṛtaṃviśvakarmaṇā  
ratnatoyomahābhīmolauhityonāmasāgaraḥ

### [1.45.160](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.160)

udayaścamahāśailaucchritaḥśatayojanam  
savarṇavedikaḥśrīmānmeghapaṃktiniṣevitaḥ

### [1.45.161](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.161)

bhrājamānorkasadṛśairjātarūpamayairdrumaiḥ  
sālaistālaistamālaiścakarṇikāraiścapuṣpitaiḥ

### [1.45.162](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.162)

ayomukhaścavikhyātaḥsarvatodhātumaṃḍitaḥ  
tamālavanagaṃdhaścaparvatomalayaḥśubhaḥ

### [1.45.163](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.163)

surāṣṭrāścasabāhrīkāśśūdrābhīrāstathaivaca  
bhojāḥpāṃḍyāścavaṃgāścakaligāstāmraliptakāḥ

### [1.45.164](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.164)

tathaivapauṃḍrāḥśubhrāścavāmacūḍāssakeralāḥ  
kṣobhitāstenadaityenadevāścāpsarasāṃgaṇāḥ

### [1.45.165](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.165)

agastyabhavanaṃcaivayadagastyakṛtaṃpurā  
siddhacāraṇasaṃghaiścaviprakīrṇaṃmanoharam

### [1.45.166](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.166)

vicitranānāvihagaṃsapuṣpitamahādrumam  
jātarūpamayaiḥśṛṃgairapsarogaṇasevitam

### [1.45.167](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.167)

giriḥpuṣpitakaścaivalakṣmīvānpriyadarśanaḥ  
utthitaḥsāgaraṃbhitvāviśrāmaścaṃdrasūryayoḥ

### [1.45.168](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.168)

rarājasamahāśṛṃgairgaganaṃvilikhanniva  
caṃdrasūryāṃśusaṃkāśaiḥsāgarāṃbusamāvṛtaiḥ

### [1.45.169](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.169)

vidyuttvānparvataḥśrīmānāyataḥśatayojanam  
vidyutāṃyatrasaṃpātānipātyaṃtenagottame

### [1.45.170](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.170)

ṛṣabhaḥparvataścaivaśrīmānṛṣabhasaṃsthitaḥ  
kuṃjaraḥparvataḥśrīmānagastyasyagṛhaṃśubham

### [1.45.171](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.171)

vimalākhyācadurddharṣāsarpāṇāṃmālatīpurī  
tathābhogavatīcāpidaityeṃdreṇābhikaṃpitā

### [1.45.172](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.172)

mahāsenagiriścaivapāriyātraścaparvataḥ  
cakravāṃścagiriśreṣṭhovārāhaścaivaparvataḥ

### [1.45.173](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.173)

prāgjyotiṣapuraṃcāpijātarūpamayaṃśubham  
yasminnuvāsaduṣṭātmānarakonāmadānavaḥ

### [1.45.174](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.174)

meghaścaparvataśreṣṭhomeghagaṃbhīranissvanaḥ  
ṣaṣṭistatrasahasrāṇiparvatānāṃviśāṃpate

### [1.45.175](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.175)

taruṇādityasaṃkāśomeruścaivamahāngiriḥ  
yakṣarākṣasagaṃdharvairnityaṃsevitakaṃdaraḥ

### [1.45.176](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.176)

hemagarbhomahāsenastathāmeghasakhogiriḥ  
kailāsaścaivaśaileṃdrodānaveṃdreṇakaṃpitaḥ

### [1.45.177](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.177)

hemapuṣkarasañchannaṃtenavaikhānasaṃsaraḥ  
kaṃpitaṃmānasaṃcaivahaṃsakāraṃḍavākulam

### [1.45.178](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.178)

triśṛṃgaḥparvataśreṣṭhaḥkumārīcasaridvarā  
tuṣāracayasaṃcchannomaṃdaraścāpiparvataḥ

### [1.45.179](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.179)

uśīrabījaścagirirbhadraprasthastathādrirāṭ  
prajāpatigiriścaivatathāpuṣkaraparvataḥ

### [1.45.180](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.180)

devābhaḥparvataścaivatathāvaivālukāgiriḥ  
krauṃcaḥsaptarṣiśailaścadhūmravarṇaścaparvataḥ

### [1.45.181](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.181)

etecānyecagirayodeśājanapadāstathā  
nadyaḥsasāgarāḥsarvāḥdānavenābhikaṃpitāḥ

### [1.45.182](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.182)

kapilaścamahīputrovyāghravāṃścaprakaṃpitaḥ  
khecarāścaniśāputrāḥpātālatalavāsinaḥ

### [1.45.183](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.183)

gaṇastathāparoraudromeghanāmāṃkuśāyudhaḥ  
ūddhrvagobhīmavegaścasarvaetebhikaṃpitāḥ

### [1.45.184](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.184)

gadīśūlīkarālaścahiraṇyakaśipustathā  
jīmūtaghananirghoṣojīmūtaivavegavān

### [1.45.185](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.185)

devārirditijodṛptonṛsiṃhaṃsamupādravat  
satutenatatastīkṣṇairmṛgeṃdreṇamahānakhaiḥ

### [1.45.186](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.186)

tadoṃkārasahāyenavidāryanihatoyudhi  
mahīcakālaścaśaśīnabhaścagrahāssasūryāścadiśaścasarvāḥ

### [1.45.187](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.187)

nadyaścaśailāścamahārṇavāścagatāḥprasādaṃditiputranāśāt  
tataḥpramuditādevāṛṣayaścatapodhanāḥ

### [1.45.188](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.188)

tuṣṭuvurnāmabhirdivyairādidevaṃsanātanam  
yattvayāvidhṛtaṃdevanārasiṃhamidaṃvapuḥ

### [1.45.189](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.189)

etadevārcayiṣyaṃtiparāparavidojanāḥ  
brahmovācabhavānbrahmācarudraścamaheṃdrodevasattamaḥ

### [1.45.190](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.190)

bhavānkarttāvikarttācalokānāṃprabhavovyayaḥ  
parāṃcasiddhiṃcaparaṃcasatvaṃparaṃrahasyaṃparamaṃhaviśca

### [1.45.191](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.191)

paraṃcadharmaṃparamaṃyaśaścatvāmāhuragryaṃparamaṃpurāṇam  
paraṃcasatyaṃparamaṃtapaścaparaṃpavitraṃparamaṃcamārgaṃ

### [1.45.192](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.192)

paraṃcayajñaṃparamaṃcahotraṃtvāmāhuragyraṃparamaṃpurāṇam  
paraṃśarīraṃparamaṃcabrahmaparaṃcayogaṃparamāṃcavāṇīm

### [1.45.193](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.193)

paraṃrahasyaṃparamāṃgatiṃcatvāmāhuragyraṃparamaṃpurāṇam  
evamuktvātubhagavānsarvalokapitāmahaḥ

### [1.45.194](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.194)

stutvānārāyaṇaṃdevaṃbrahmalokaṃgataḥprabhuḥ  
tatonadatsutūryeṣunṛtyaṃtīṣvapsaraḥsuca

### [1.45.195](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.195)

kṣīrodasyottaraṃkūlaṃjagāmaharirīśvaraḥ  
nārasiṃhaṃvapurdevaḥsthāpayitvāsudīptimān

### [1.45.196](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.196)

paurāṇaṃrūpamāsthāyaprayayaugaraḍadhvajaḥ  
aṣṭacakreṇayānenabhūtiyuktenabhāsvatā

### [1.45.197](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.197)

avyaktaprakṛtirdevaḥsvasthānaṃgatavānprabhuḥ

### [1.45.197.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45.197.p1)

iti śrīpādmapurāṇeprathamesṛṣṭikhaṃḍenarasiṃhaprādurbhāvonāmapaṃcacatvāriṃśattamo'dhyāyaḥ

## Linked texts (7)

- [Matsyapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.matsya.161.1) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
- [Vulgate](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.harivamsa*vulgate.3.41.2) — Sanskrit
- [Brahmapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.brahma.213.46) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
- [Adbhutasāgara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.samhita.adbhuta.adbhutasagara.2.64) — Ballālasena & Lakṣmaṇasena, Sanskrit
- [Kathāsaritsāgara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.brhatkatha.kathasaritsagara.8.7.96) — Somadeva Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit
- [Pārameśvarasaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.sampradaya.vaisnava.pancaratra.paramesvara.1.p2) — Sanskrit
- [Brahmavidyāvijaya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.visistadvaita.vadakalai.brahmavidyavijaya.2.p28) — Mahācārya 1509, Sanskrit

---
Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.padma.1.45) · Pramāṇa
