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# Skandapurana 1.4.48: adhyāyaḥ 50

Skandapurāṇa 1.4.48

- **Language:** Sanskrit

### adhyāyaḥ 50

### [1.4.48.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.1)

.. atithiruvāca .. ..

> The guest said:  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.2)

sādhvabālamate bāla kamaṭhaitattvayocyate ..

> "O boy of mature intellect, O Kamaṭha, this which is spoken by you is well spoken.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.3)

śarīralakṣaṇaṃ śrotuṃ punaricchāmi tadvada .. 1 ..

> I desire to hear further the characteristics of the body; tell of that!"  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.4)

.. kamaṭha uvāca .. ..

> Kamaṭha said:  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.5)

yathaitadveda brahmāṃḍaṃ śarīraṃ ca tathā śṛṇu ..

> "Know this cosmic egg, and hear how the body is likewise:  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.6)

pādamūlaṃ ca pātālaṃ prapadaṃ ca rasātalam .. 2 ..

> The soles of the feet are Pātāla, and the forefeet are Rasātala;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.7)

talātalaṃ tathā gulphau jaṃghe cāsya mahātalam ..

> likewise the ankles are Talātala, and his shanks are Mahātala;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.8)

jānunī sutalaṃ corū vitalaṃ cātalaṃ kaṭim .. 3 ..

> the knees are Sutala, the thighs Vitala, and the hips Atala.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.9)

nābhiṃ mahītalaṃ prāhurbhuvarlokamathodaram ..

> They declare the navel to be the earth's surface, and the belly Bhuvarloka;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.10)

uraḥsthalaṃ ca svarlokaṃ mahargrīvā mukhaṃ janam .. 4 ..

> the chest Svarloka, the neck Maharloka, the mouth Janaloka;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.11)

netre tapaḥ satyalokaṃ śīrṣadeśaṃ vadaṃti ca ..

> the two eyes Tapas, and they say the region of the head is Satyaloka.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.12)

tadyathā sapta dvīpāni pṛthivyāṃ saṃsthitāni ca .. 5 ..

> Just as there are seven continents situated on the earth,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.13)

tathātra dhātavaḥ sapta nāmatastānnibodha me ..

> so there are seven bodily tissues here; learn them by name from me:  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.14)

tvagasṛṅmāṃsa medo'sthimajjāśukrāṇi dhātavaḥ .. 6 ..

> skin, blood, flesh, fat, bone, marrow, and semen are the tissues.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.15)

asthnāmatra śatāni syustrīṇi ṣaṣṭyadhikāni ca ..

> In this \[body\] there are three hundred and sixty bones,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.16)

triṃśacchatasahasrāṇi nāḍīnāṃ kathitāni ca .. 7 ..

> and three million channels are spoken of,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.17)

ṣaṭpaṃcāśatsahasrāṇi tathānyāni navaiva tu ..

> and fifty-six thousand and nine others.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.18)

tā vahaṃti rasaṃ dehe jalaṃ nadyo yathā bhuvi ..8..

> They carry bodily fluid in the body, just as rivers carry water on the earth.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.19)

sārdhābhistisṛbhiśchannaṃ samaṃtādromakoṭibhiḥ ..

> It is covered on all sides with thirty-five million body hairs,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.20)

śarīraṃ sthūlasūkṣmābhirdṛśyādṛśyā hi tāḥ smṛtāḥ ..9..

> gross and subtle; for they are traditionally considered visible and invisible.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.21)

ṣaḍaṃgāni pradhānāni kathyamānāni me śṛṇu ..

> Hear from me the six principal limbs being declared:  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.22)

dvau bāhū sakthinī dve ca mūrdhā jaṭharameva ca .. 1.2.50.10 ..

> two arms, two thighs, the head, and the belly.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.23)

aṃtrāṇyatra tathā trīṇi sārdhavyāmatrayāṇi ca ..

> Here the intestines measure three fathoms and a half,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.24)

trivyāmāni tathā strīṇāmāhurvedavido dvijāḥ .. 11 ..

> and three fathoms for women, so declare the twice-born knowers of the Veda.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.25)

ūrdhvanālamadhovaktraṃ hṛdi padmaṃ prakīrtyate ..

> The lotus in the heart is renowned as having its stalk above and its face downward;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.26)

hṛtpadmavāmataḥ plīho dakṣiṇe syāttathā yakṛt .. 12 ..

> to the left of the heart-lotus is the spleen, and on the right is the liver.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.27)

majjāto medasaścaiva vasāyāśca tathā dvija ..

> Of marrow, fat, and lipid, O twice-born,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.28)

mūtrasya caiva pittasya śleṣmaṇaḥ śakṛtastathā .. .. 13 ..

> and of urine, bile, phlegm, and feces,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.29)

raktasya caramasyātra gartā dvyaṃjalayaḥ smṛtāḥ ..

> and of the final blood, the receptacles here are said to hold two handfuls;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.30)

geyaḥ pravartamānāste dehaṃ saṃdhārayaṃtyuta .. 14 ..

> flowing forth, they sustain the body.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.31)

sīvanyaśca tathā sapta paṃca mūrdhānamāsthitāḥ ..

> Likewise there are seven sutures, five located in the head,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.32)

ekā meḍhraṃ gatā caikā tathā jihvāṃ gatā dvija .. 15 ..

> one extending to the penis, and one extending to the tongue, O twice-born.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.33)

nāḍyaḥ sarvāḥ pravartaṃte nābhipadmāttathātra ca ..

> All the channels proceed from the navel-lotus here;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.34)

yāsāṃ śreṣṭhā śiro yātā suṣumneḍā'tha piṃgalā .. 16 ..

> the best among them, going to the head, are the suṣumnā, the iḍā, and the piṅgalā.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.35)

nāsikādvāramāsādya saṃsthite dehavardhane ..

> Reaching the aperture of the nostrils, they abide in sustaining the body.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.36)

vāyuragniścaṃdramāśca paṃcadhā paṃcadhātra ca .. 17 ..

> Wind, fire, and the moon are each fivefold here.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.37)

prāṇāpānasamānāśca udāno vyāna eva ca ..

> Prāṇa, apāna, samāna, udāna, and vyāna:  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.38)

paṃca bhedāḥ smṛtā vāyoḥ karmārṇyeṣāṃ vadaṃti ca .. 18 ..

> these are declared to be the five divisions of the wind; and they describe their functions.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.39)

ucchvāsaścaiva niḥśvāso hyannapānapraveśanam ..

> Inhalation, exhalation, and the ingestion of food and drink,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.40)

ākaṃṭhācchīrṣasaṃsthāsya prāṇakarma prakīrtitam .. 19 ..

> residing from the throat to the head—this is celebrated as the function of prāṇa.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.41)

tyāgo viṇmūtraśukrāṇāṃ garbhavisravaṇaṃ tathā ..

> The expulsion of feces, urine, and semen, and the delivery of the fetus:  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.42)

apānakarma nirdiṣṭaṃ sthānamasya gudopari .. 1.2.50.20 ..

> this is specified as the function of apāna; its abode is above the anus.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.43)

samāno dhārayatyannaṃ vivecayati cāpyatha ..

> Samāna holds the food and separates it;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.44](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.44)

rasayaṃścaiva carati sarvaśroṇiṣvavāritaḥ .. 21 ..

> and assimilating it, it moves unimpeded through all the hip-joints.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.45](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.45)

vākpravṛttipradodgāre prayatne sarvakarmaṇām ..

> Bestowing the arising of speech, in belching, and in exertion in all actions,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.46](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.46)

ākaṃṭhasurasaṃsthānamudānasya prakīrtyate .. 22 ..

> the location of udāna is proclaimed as extending up to the throat and chest.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.47)

vyāno hṛdi sthito nityaṃ tathā dehacaropi ca ..

> Vyāna is constantly situated in the heart and moves through the whole body;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.48)

dhātuvṛddhipradaḥ svedalālonmeṣanimeṣakṛt .. 23 ..

> it causes the growth of tissues and produces sweat, saliva, and the opening and closing of the eyes.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.49)

pācako rajakaścaiva sādhakālocakau tathā ..

> Pācaka (digestive), rañjaka (coloring), sādhaka (accomplishing), ālocaka (illuminating),  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.50)

bhrājakaśca tathā dehe pañcadhā pāvakaḥ sthitaḥ .. 24 ..

> and bhrājaka (radiating): thus fire is stationed in the body in a fivefold manner.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.51](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.51)

pācakastu pacatyannaṃ nityaṃ pakvāśaye sthita. ...

> Pācaka digests food, constantly residing in the lower stomach;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.52)

āmāśayastho'pi rasaṃ raṃjakaḥ kurute tvasṛk .. 25 ..

> and residing in the upper stomach, rañjaka turns bodily fluid into blood.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.53)

sādhako hṛdisaṃsthaśca buddhyādyutsāhakārakaḥ ..

> Sādhaka, located in the heart, brings about intellect, enthusiasm, and the like.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.54](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.54)

ālocakaśca dṛksaṃstho rūpadarśanaśakti kṛta .. 26 ..

> And the Ālocaka \[fire\], residing in the eyes, creates the power of visual perception. (26)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.55](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.55)

tvaksaṃstho bhrājako dehaṃ bhrājayennirmalīkṛtaḥ ..

> Residing in the skin, the Bhrājaka \[fire\], when rendered pure, illumines the body.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.56](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.56)

kledako bodhakaścaiva tarpaṇaḥ śleṣmaṇastathā .. 27 ..

> The Kledaka, Bodhaka, and Tarpaṇa phlegms, as well as (27)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.57](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.57)

ālaṃbakastathā dehe paṃcadhā soma ucyate ..

> the Ālambaka—thus Soma is said to be fivefold in the body.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.58](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.58)

kledakaḥ kledayatyannaṃ nityaṃ pakvāśaye sthitaḥ ..28..

> Always situated in the digestive tract, Kledaka moistens the food. (28)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.59](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.59)

bodhako rasanāsthaśca rasānāmavabodhakaḥ ..

> Situated on the tongue, Bodhaka brings awareness of tastes.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.60](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.60)

śiraḥsthaścakṣurādīnāṃ tarpaṇāttarpaṇaḥ smṛtaḥ .. 29 ..

> Residing in the head, it is called Tarpaṇa because it nourishes the eyes and other senses. (29)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.61](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.61)

sarvasaṃdhigataścaiva śleṣmaṇaḥ śleṣmakṛttathā ..

> Located in all the joints, the phlegm produces lubrication \[there\].  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.62](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.62)

uraḥsthaḥ sarvagātrāṇi sa vai hyālaṃbakaḥ sthitaḥ ..1.2.50.30..

> Located in the chest, the Ālambaka indeed supports all the limbs. (30)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.63](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.63)

evaṃ vāyvagnisomaiśca dehaḥ saṃdhāritastvasau ..

> In this way, this body is sustained by wind, fire, and soma.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.64](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.64)

ākāśajāni srotāṃsi tathā koṣṭhaviviktatā .. 31 ..

> Arising from space are the bodily channels and the hollow interior of the viscera. (31)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.65](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.65)

pārthivānīha jānīhi ghrāṇakeśanakhāni ca ..

> Know the following here to be of earthly origin: the nose, hair, and nails, (32)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.66](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.66)

asthīni dhairyaṃ gurutā tvaṅmāṃsa hṛdayaṃ gudam .. 32 ..

> bones, firmness, heaviness, skin, flesh, heart, anus, (33)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.67](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.67)

nābhirmedo yakṛnmajjā aṃtramāmāśayaḥ śirā ..

> navel, fat, liver, marrow, entrails, stomach, blood-vessels, (34)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.68](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.68)

snāyuḥ pakvāśayaścaiva prāhurvedavido dvijāḥ .. 33 ..

> sinews, and the colon—so declare the twice-born who know the Vedas.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.69](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.69)

netrayormaḍalaṃ śuklaṃ kaphādbhavati paitṛkam ..

> The white circle of the eyes arises from phlegm and is paternal \[in origin\]; (35)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.70](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.70)

kṛṣṇaṃ ca maṇḍalaṃ vātāttathā bhavati mātṛkam .. 34 ..

> and the black circle arises from wind and is maternal. (36)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.71](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.71)

pakṣmamaṇḍalamekaṃ tu dvitīyaṃ carmamaṇḍalam ..

> The first circle is that of the eyelashes, while the second is the circle of the eyelid-skin; (37)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.72](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.72)

śuklaṃ tṛtīyaṃ kathita caturthaṃ kṛṣṇamaṇḍalam .. 35 ..

> the third is declared to be the white circle, and the fourth is the dark circle; (38)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.73](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.73)

dṛṅmaṇḍalaṃ paṃcamaṃ tu netraṃ syātpaṃcamaṇḍalam ..

> the fifth is the pupil: thus the eye has five circles. (39)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.74](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.74)

apare netrabhāge dve upāṃgo'pāṃga eva ca.. 36 ..

> The two outer parts of the eye are the upāṅga and the apāṅga. (40)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.75](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.75)

upāṃgo netraparyaṃto nāsā mūlamapāṃgakaḥ ..

> The upāṅga is the outer corner of the eye, and the apāṅga is the inner corner near the root of the nose.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.76](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.76)

vṛṣaṇau ca tathā proktau medosṛkkaphamāṃsakau .. 37 ..

> And likewise the testicles are declared to be composed of fat, blood, phlegm, and flesh. (41)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.77](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.77)

asṛṅmāṃsamayī jihvā sarveṣāmeva dehinām ..

> The tongue of all embodied beings consists of blood and flesh.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.78](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.78)

hastayoroṣṭhayormeḍhre grīvāyāṃ ṣaṭ ca kūrcakāḥ .. 38 ..

> There are six clusters \[kūrcakas\]: in the hands, lips, penis, and neck. (42)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.79](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.79)

evamatra sthite jīvo dehe'sminsaptasaptake ..

> Thus, while remaining in this body composed of seven sets of seven,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.80](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.80)

paṃcaviṃśatiko vyāpya dehaṃ vāso'sya mūrdhani .. 39 ..

> the twenty-fifth principle, the individual soul, pervades the body, having its dwelling in the head. (43)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.81](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.81)

tvagasṛgmāṃsamityāhustrikaṃ mātṛsamudbhavam ..

> They declare the triad of skin, blood, and flesh to be derived from the mother;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.82](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.82)

medomajjāsthikaṃ proktaṃ pitṛjaṃ ṣaṭca kauśikam .. 1.2.50.40 ..

> fat, marrow, and bone are declared to be derived from the father; thus is the six-sheathed \[body\]. (44)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.83](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.83)

evaṃ bhūtamayaṃ dehaṃ paṃcabhūtasamudbhavaiḥ ..

> How this body, formed of the elements, attains growth  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.84](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.84)

annairyathā vṛddhimeti tadahaṃ varṇayāmi te ..41..

> by means of food born of the five elements, that I will explain to you. (45)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.85](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.85)

tadannaṃ piṇḍakavalairgrāsairbhuktaṃ ca dehibhiḥ ..

> That food, consumed by embodied beings in lumps and mouthfuls, (46)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.86](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.86)

pūrvaṃ sthūlāśaye vāyuḥ prāṇaḥ prakurute dvidhā.. 42..

> the prāṇa wind first divides into two within the stomach.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.87](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.87)

saṃpraviśyānnamadhye tu pṛthagannapṛthagjalam..

> Entering the midst of the food, \[it sets\] the food apart and the water apart. (47)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.88](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.88)

agnerūrdhvaṃ jalaṃ sthāpya tadannaṃ tajjalopari .. 43 ..

> Placing the water above the fire, and that food upon the water, (48)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.89](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.89)

jalasyādhaḥ svayaṃ prāṇaḥ sthitvāgniṃ dhamate śanaiḥ ..

> the prāṇa itself, stationed below the water, gently fans the fire.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.90](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.90)

vāyunā dhamyamānogniratyuṣṇaṃ kurute jalam.. 44 ..

> The fire, fanned by the wind, makes the water intensely hot. (49)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.91](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.91)

tadannamuṣṇatoyena samaṃtātpacyate punaḥ ..

> That food is then thoroughly cooked on all sides by the hot water.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.92](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.92)

dvidhā bhavati tatpakvaṃ pṛthakkiṭṭaṃ pṛthagrasam .. 45 ..

> When digested, it becomes twofold: waste on one side, and nutrient fluid on the other. (50)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.93](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.93)

malairdvādaśabhiḥ kiṭṭaṃ bhinnaṃ dehādbahirvrajet ..

> Divided into twelve wastes, the refuse passes out of the body:  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.94](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.94)

karṇākṣināsikājihvādatāḥ śiśnaṃ gudaṃ nakhāḥ .. 46 ..

> the ears, eyes, nose, tongue, teeth, penis, anus, nails, (51)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.95](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.95)

romakūpāṇi caiva syurdvādaśaite malāśrayāḥ..

> and the pores of the body hair—these are the twelve receptacles of waste.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.96](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.96)

hṛtpadmapratibaddhāśca sarvā nāḍyaḥ samaṃtataḥ .. 47 ..

> All the channels are connected entirely to the lotus of the heart. (52)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.97](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.97)

tāsāṃ mukheṣu taṃ sūkṣmaṃ vyānaḥ sthāpayate rasam ..

> At their entrances, the vyāna \[wind\] deposits that subtle nutrient fluid.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.98](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.98)

rasena tena tā nāḍīḥ samānaḥ pūrayetpunaḥ .. 48 ..

> The samāna \[wind\] then fills those channels with that nutrient fluid. (53)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.99](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.99)

tataḥ prayāṃti saṃpūrṇāstāśca dehaṃ samaṃtataḥ ..

> Then, completely filled, they circulate all around the body.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.100](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.100)

tataḥ sa nāḍimadhyastho rañjakenoṣmaṇā rasaḥ .. 49 ..

> Then, that nutrient fluid stationed in the midst of the channels, by means of the coloring heat, (54)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.101](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.101)

pacyate pacyamānastu rudhiratvaṃ bhajetpunaḥ ..

> is transformed; and as it is transformed, it takes on the state of blood.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.102](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.102)

tatastvaglomakeśāśca māṃsaṃ snāyu śirāsthi ca .. 1.2.50.50 ..

> From that, skin, body hair, head hair, flesh, sinew, vessels, bone, (55)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.103](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.103)

nakhā majjā khavaimalyaṃ śukravṛddhiḥ kramādbhavet ..

> nails, marrow, the clarity of the bodily cavities, and increase of semen come about in succession.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.104](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.104)

evaṃ dvādaśadhānnasya pariṇāmaḥ prakīrtyate .. 51 ..

> Thus the transformation of food is proclaimed to be twelvefold. (56)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.105](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.105)

evametadviniṣpannaṃ śarīraṃ puṇyahetave ..

> In this way, this body has been produced for the sake of religious merit,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.106](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.106)

yathaiva syaṃdanaḥ śubhro bhārasaṃvāhanāya ca .. 52 ..

> just like a fine chariot \[built\] to carry a burden. (57)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.107](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.107)

tailābhyaṃgādibhiryatnairbahubhiḥ pālyate na cet ..

> If it is maintained with great care by oil-massages and the like,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.108](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.108)

kiṃ kṛtyaṃ sādhyate tena yadi bhāraṃ vahenna hi .. 53 ..

> what purpose is achieved by it if it does not bear the load? (58)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.109](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.109)

evametena dehena kiṃ kṛtyaṃ bhojanottamaiḥ ..

> Likewise, what purpose is served by this body, nourished with excellent meals,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.110](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.110)

vardhitena na cetpuṇyaṃ kurute paśuvacca tat .. 54 ..

> if, like a beast, it does not perform merit? (59)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.111](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.111)

bhavaṃti cātra ślokāḥ ..

> And on this matter there are these verses:  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.112](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.112)

yasminkāle ca deśe ca vayasā yādṛśena ca ..

> At whatever time, in whatever place, and at whatever stage of life  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.113](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.113)

kṛtaṃ śubhāśubhaṃ karma tattathā tena bhujyate .. 55 ..

> an auspicious or inauspicious action is performed, it is experienced by him in exactly that manner. (60)  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.114](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.114)

tasmātsadā śubhaṃ kāryamavicchinnasukhārthibhiḥ ..

> Therefore, good deeds must always be performed by those desiring uninterrupted happiness;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.115](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.115)

vicchidyaṃte'nyathā bhogā grīṣme kusarito yathā .. 56 ..

> otherwise, enjoyments are cut off, like petty streams in summer. // 56  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.116](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.116)

yasmātpāpena duḥkhāni tīvrāṇi subahūnyapi ..

> Since intense and exceedingly numerous miseries \[arise\] from sin,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.117](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.117)

tasmātpāpaṃ na kartavyamātmapīḍākaraṃ hi tat .. 57 ..

> therefore sin must not be committed, for indeed it causes torment to oneself. // 57  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.118](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.118)

evaṃ te varṇitaḥ sādho praśno'yaṃ śaktito mayā ..

> Thus has this question been described to you by me to the best of my ability, O virtuous one.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.119](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.119)

yathā saṃjāyate prāṇī yathā śṛṇu pralīyate .. 58 ..

> Hear how a living being is born and how it dissolves: // 58  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.120](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.120)

āyuṣye karmaṇi kṣīṇe saṃprāpte maraṇe nṛṇām..

> When life-span and karma are exhausted, and death arrives for men,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.121](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.121)

svakarmavaśago dehī kṛṣyate yamakiṃkaraiḥ .. 59 ..

> the embodied soul, subject to its own karma, is dragged away by the servants of Yama. // 59  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.122](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.122)

paṃcatanmātrasahitaḥ samanobuddhyahaṃkṛtiḥ ..

> Accompanied by the five subtle elements, together with mind, intellect, and ego,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.123](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.123)

puṇyapāpamayaiḥ pāśairbaddho jīvastyaje dvapuḥ .. 1.2.50.60 ..

> bound by nooses made of merit and sin, the living soul abandons the body. // 60  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.124](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.124)

śīrṣṇaśca saptabhiśchidrairnirgacchetpuṇyakarmaṇām ..

> For those of meritorious deeds, it goes out through the seven apertures of the head;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.125](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.125)

adhaśca pāpināṃ yāṃti yogināṃ brahmaraṃdhrataḥ .. 61 ..

> for sinners, \[the life-breaths\] go downwards; and for yogins, through the aperture of Brahmā. // 61  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.126](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.126)

tatkṣaṇātso'tha gṛhṇāti śārīraṃ cātivāhikam ..

> Instantly then it assumes a transit body,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.127](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.127)

aṃguṣṭhaparvamātraṃ tu svaprāṇaireva nirmitam .. 62 ..

> measuring merely the thumb's joint, formed indeed by its own vital breaths. // 62  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.128](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.128)

tatastasminsthitaṃ jīvaṃ dehe yamabhaṭāstadā ..

> Then the soldiers of Yama, having bound that living being  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.129](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.129)

baddhvā nayaṃti mārgeṇa yāmyenāti yathābalam.. 63 ..

> situated in that body, lead it along the southern path forcefully, according to their strength: // 63  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.130](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.130)

taptāṃbarīṣatulyena ayoguḍanibhena ca ..

> \[along a path\] resembling a heated frying pan, like a ball of iron,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.131](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.131)

prataptasikatenāpi tāmrapātranibhena ca .. 64 ..

> having scorching hot sand, and resembling a vessel of copper. // 64  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.132](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.132)

ṣaḍaśītisahasrāṇi yojanānāṃ mahītalāt ..

> Eighty-six thousand yojanas from the surface of the earth,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.133](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.133)

kṛṣyamāṇo yamapurīṃ nīyate pāpakṛdbhaṭaiḥ..65..

> the evil-doer is dragged and led to the city of Yama by the soldiers. // 65  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.134](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.134)

kvacicchītaṃ mahādurgamandhakāraṃ kvacinmahat..

> In some places it is cold and extremely perilous, in some places great darkness;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.135](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.135)

agnisaṃsparśavadanaiḥ kākakākolajaṃbukaiḥ .66..

> it is devoured by crows, ravens, and jackals whose mouths feel like fire, // 66  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.136](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.136)

makṣikādaṃśamaśakairbhakṣyate sarpavṛścikaiḥ ..

> by flies, gadflies, and mosquitoes, and by serpents and scorpions.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.137](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.137)

bhakṣyamāṇo'pi tairjaṃtuḥ kraṃdate mriyate na hi .. 67 ..

> Even while being devoured by them, the creature cries out, but does not die. // 67  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.138](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.138)

kvacicca bhakṣyate ghorai rākṣasaiḥ kṛṣyate'syate ..

> In some places it is eaten by dreadful rākṣasas, dragged, and cast down;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.139](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.139)

dahyamānotighoreṇa saikatena ca nīyate .. 68 ..

> it is led along burning upon exceedingly terrible sands. // 68  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.140](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.140)

muhūtairdaśabhiryāti taṃ mārgamatidustaram ..

> It traverses that exceedingly impassable path in ten muhūrtas,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.141](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.141)

taṃ kālaṃ sumahadvetti puruṣo varṣasaṃmitam .. 69 ..

> \[yet\] the man perceives that time to be immensely long, equal to a year. // 69  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.142](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.142)

tāryate ca nadīṃ ghorāṃ pūyaśoṇitavāhinīm ..

> And he is made to cross the dreadful river flowing with pus and blood,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.143](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.143)

nadīṃ vaitaraṇīṃ nāma keśaśaivalaśādvalām .. 1.2.50.70 ..

> the river named Vaitaraṇī, having hair as its moss and grassy turf. // 70  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.144](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.144)

tato yamasya purataḥ sthāpyate yamakiṃkaraiḥ ..

> Then he is placed before Yama by the servants of Yama.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.145](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.145)

pāpī mahābhayaṃ paśyetkālāṃtakamukhairvṛtam .. 71 ..

> The sinner beholds a terrifying form surrounded by the faces of Death the Destroyer; // 71  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.146](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.146)

puṇyakarmā saumyarūpaṃ dharmarājaṃ tadā kila ..

> the performer of meritorious deeds, however, sees the King of Dharma of gentle appearance.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.147](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.147)

manuṣyā eva gacchaṃti yamalokena cāpare .. .. 72 ..

> Only human beings travel by the realm of Yama, and not others; // 72  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.148](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.148)

maraṇānaṃtaraṃ teṣāṃ jaṃtūnāṃ yonipūraṇam ..

> for other creatures there is immediate entry into an embryonic womb after death.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.149](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.149)

tathāhi pretā manujāḥ śrūyaṃte nānyajaṃtavaḥ .. 73 ..

> For it is heard that men become ghosts (pretas), not other creatures. // 73  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.150](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.150)

dhārmikaḥ pūjyate tatra pāpaḥ pāśagalo bhavet ..

> The righteous person is honored there; the sinner has a noose around his neck.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.151](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.151)

dhārmikaśca yathā yāti taṃ mārgaṃ śṛṇu vacmi te .. 74 ..

> And hear how the righteous person travels; I shall tell you of that path: // 74  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.152](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.152)

ārāmadrumadātāraḥ phalapuṣpavatā pathā ..

> Givers of pleasure gardens and trees travel comfortably along a path possessing fruit and flowers  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.153](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.153)

chāyayā ca sukhaṃ yāṃti tathā ye cchatradā narāḥ .. .. 75 ..

> and shade, as do those men who give umbrellas. // 75  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.154](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.154)

upānahapradā yānairvitṛṣāḥ pūrtadharmiṇaḥ ..

> Givers of sandals travel in conveyances, free of thirst, performing acts of public piety;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.155](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.155)

vimānairyānadā yāṃti tathā śayyāsanapradāḥ .. 76 ..

> givers of vehicles travel in aerial chariots, as do givers of beds and seats. // 76  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.156](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.156)

bhakṣyabhojyaistathā tṛptā yāṃti bhojanadāyina ..

> Givers of food travel satiated with edible goods and wholesome meals;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.157](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.157)

dīpapradāḥ prakāśena gopradāstāṃ nadīṃ sukham ..77..

> givers of lamps travel with light, and givers of cows cross that river with ease. // 77  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.158](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.158)

śrīsūryaṃ śrīmahādevaṃ bhaktā ye puruṣottamam ..

> Those who have been devotees of holy Sūrya, holy Mahādeva, and the Supreme Person  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.159](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.159)

janmaprabhṛti te yāṃti pūjyamānā yamānugaiḥ .. 78 ..

> from birth onwards, travel being honored by the attendants of Yama. // 78  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.160](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.160)

mahīṃ gāṃ kāṃcanaṃ lohaṃ tilānkārpāsameva ca ..

> Having given land, a cow, gold, iron, sesame seeds, and cotton,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.161](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.161)

lavaṇaṃ saptadhānyaṃ ca dattvā yāti sukhaṃ naraḥ ..79..

> salt, and the seven grains, a man travels happily. // 79  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.162](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.162)

teṣāṃ tatra gatānāṃ ca pāpināṃ puṇyakarmiṇām ..

> When those sinners and doers of meritorious deeds have arrived there,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.163](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.163)

citraguptaḥ pretapāya nirūpayati vai tataḥ .. 1.2.50.80 ..

> Citragupta then points them out to the lord of ghosts. // 80  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.164](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.164)

pretaloke sa vasati tataḥ saṃvatsaraṃ naraḥ ..

> A man then dwells in the world of ghosts for a year,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.165](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.165)

vatsareṇa ca tenāsya śarīramabhijāyate .. 81 ..

> and through that year a body is produced for him. // 81  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.166](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.166)

sodakumbhamathānnādyaṃ bāṃdhavairyatpradīyate ..

> Whatever water-pot and food is offered by kinsmen,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.167](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.167)

dinedine sa tadbhuktvā tena vṛddhiṃ prayāti ca .. 82 ..

> he consumes that day by day, and through that he attains growth. // 82  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.168](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.168)

pūrvadattamathānnādyaṃ prāpnoti svayameva ca ..

> And whatever food he had formerly given, he receives by himself;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.169](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.169)

svayaṃ yena na dattaṃ ca tathā dātā na vidyate .. 83 ..

> for one who did not give himself, and for whom no giver exists, // 83  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.170](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.170)

na cāpyudakadātāsau kṣuttṛḍbhyāmatipīḍyate ..

> and who also has no giver of water, he is exceedingly afflicted by hunger and thirst.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.171](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.171)

bāṃdhavaistūdakaṃ dattaṃ nadībhūtvopatiṣṭhati .. 84 ..

> Water given by kinsmen, however, turns into a river and appears before him. // 84  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.172](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.172)

māsimāsi ca yacchrāddhaṃ ṣoḍaśaśrāddhapūrvakam ..

> For whom the monthly funeral rites preceded by the sixteen rites  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.173](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.173)

atra na kriyate yasya pretatvātsa na mucyate .. 85 ..

> are not performed here, he is not liberated from the ghost-state. // 85  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.174](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.174)

mānuṣeṇa dinenaiva pretaloke dinaṃ smṛtam ..

> A human day is remembered as a day in the world of ghosts.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.175](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.175)

tasmāddinedine deyaṃ pretāyānnaṃ ca vatsaram .. 86 ..

> Therefore, day by day, food should be offered to the ghost for a year.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.176](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.176)

taṃ ca smāśānikānāma gaṇā yāmyā bhayāvahāḥ ..

> And the terrifying attendants of Yama, dwelling in cremation grounds,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.177](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.177)

śītavātātapopetaṃ tatra rakṣaṃti pāpinam .. 87 ..

> guard the sinner there, exposed to cold, wind, and heat,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.178](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.178)

yatheha bandhane kaścidrakṣyate viṣamairnaraiḥ ..

> just as here someone in prison is guarded by harsh men.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.179](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.179)

pretapiṃḍā na dīyaṃte ṣoḍaśaśrāddhapūrvakāḥ .. 88 ..

> For whom the ghost-balls of food are not given preceded by the sixteen śrāddhas,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.180](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.180)

yasya tasya na mokṣo'sti pretatvādvai yugairapi ..

> for him there is no release from the state of a ghost, even for eons.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.181](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.181)

tataḥ sapiṇḍīkaraṇe bāṃdhavaiḥ sukṛte naraḥ .. 89 ..

> Then, when the sapiṇḍīkaraṇa rite is performed properly by kinsmen,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.182](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.182)

pūrṇe saṃvatsare dehaṃ saṃpūrṇaṃ pratipadyate ..

> at the completion of a full year, the man obtains a complete body:  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.183](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.183)

pāpātmā ghorarūpaṃ tu dhārmiko divyamuttamam .. 1.2.50.90 ..

> the sinful soul \[obtains\] a terrifying form, but the righteous one a divine, supreme \[form\].  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.184](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.184)

tataḥ sa narakaṃ yāti svargaṃ vā svena karmaṇā ..

> Then he goes to hell or to heaven according to his own karma.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.185](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.185)

rauravādyāśca narakāḥ pātālatalasaṃsthitāḥ ..91..

> The hells, beginning with Raurava, are located in the region of Pātāla;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.186](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.186)

surādyāḥ satyaparyaṃtāḥ svarlokasyordhvamāśritāḥ ..

> \[the worlds\] beginning with that of the gods and ending with Satya dwell above the heavenly world.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.187](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.187)

itihāsapurāṇeṣu vedasmṛtiṣu yacchutam .. 92 ..

> What is heard in the epics, the Purāṇas, the Vedas, and the Smṛtis,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.188](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.188)

puṇyaṃ tena bhavetsvargo narakastadviparyayāt ..

> by merit arising from that, heaven is gained; by its opposite, hell.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.189](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.189)

tatrāpi kālavasati karmaṇāmanurūpataḥ ..93..

> There too, the duration of residence is in accordance with one's deeds.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.190](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.190)

arvāksapiṃḍīkaraṇaṃ yasya varṣācca vā kṛtam ..

> Even for one whose sapiṇḍīkaraṇa is performed prior to a year,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.191](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.191)

pretatvamapi tasyāpi proktaṃ saṃvatsaraṃ dhuvam .. 94 ..

> the state of a ghost is declared to last surely for a year.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.192](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.192)

yairiṣṭaṃ ca tribhirmedhairarcitaṃ vā suratrayam ..

> Those by whom three horse-sacrifices have been offered, or the three gods worshipped,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.193](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.193)

pretalokaṃ na te yāṃti tathā ye samare hatāḥ..95..

> do not go to the world of ghosts, nor do those who are slain in battle.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.194](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.194)

śuddhena puṇyena divaṃ ca śuddhāṃ pāpena śuddhena tathā tamoṃdham..

> By pure merit one goes to the pure heaven, and by pure sin to blinding darkness;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.195](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.195)

miśreṇa svargaṃ narakaṃ ca yāti dehastathaivāsya bhavecca tādṛk.. 96 ..

> by a mixture \[of both\] one goes to heaven and to hell, and one's body becomes accordingly.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.196](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.196)

praśnatrayaṃ ceti tava praṇītamutpattimṛtyū paralokavāsaḥ ..

> Thus this triad of questions has been answered for you: origin, death, and residence in the other world,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.197](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.197)

yathā gururme samudājahāra kiṃ bhūya icchatyuta tadvadāmi .. 97 ..

> just as my guru related it. What more do you desire, that I may speak?  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [1.4.48.198](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48.198)

iti śrīskānde mahāpurāṇa ekāśītisāhasryāṃ saṃhitāyāṃ prathame māheśvarakhaṇḍa kaumārikākhaṇḍe ādityakamaṭhasaṃvāde jīvasya pāralaukikagatyādivarṇanaṃnāma paṃcāśattamo'dhyāyaḥ .. 50 ..

> Thus ends the fiftieth chapter, named 'The Description of the Transmundane Course of the Living Being', in the dialogue between Āditya and Kamaṭha, in the Kaumārikākhaṇḍa of the first section, the Māheśvarakhaṇḍa, in the glorious Skanda Mahāpurāṇa, a compendium of eighty-one thousand \[verses\].  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

## Translations (1)

- [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda~en-mt.1.4.48.1) — English, machine translation

## Linked texts (6)

- [Agnipurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.agni.369.38) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
- [Niśvāsatattvasaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.sampradaya.saiva.agama.rudra.nihsvasa.1.27.38) — Sanskrit
- [Niśvāsakārikā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.sampradaya.saiva.agama.rudra.nihsvasa.nisvasakarika.13.50) — Sanskrit
- [Anādivīraśaivasārasaṃgraha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.sampradaya.saiva.virasaiva.anadivirasaivasarasamgraha.356) — Sanskrit
- [Śivatattvaratnākara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.rajadharma.sivatattvaratnakara.108.15) — Basappa Nāyaka 1684, Sanskrit
- [Śivattvaratnākara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.med.pasu.sivattvaratnakara.108.15) — Basava, Sanskrit

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Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.48) · Pramāṇa