[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Purāṇas](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana) › [Skandapurana](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda) › 1.4.5 # Skandapurana 1.4.5 Skandapurāṇa 1.4.5 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [1.4.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.5) viṣayānukramaṇikā > Table of Contents > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.1) ..sūta uvāca.. tato dvijauḥ parivṛtaṃ nāradaṃ devapūjitam.. abhigamyopajagrāha sarvānatha sa pāṇḍavaḥ.. 2.1 .. > Sūta said: / Then that son of Pāṇḍu, having approached Nārada who was surrounded by brahmins and worshipped by the gods, paid homage to them all. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.2) tatastaṃ nāradaḥ prāha jayārātidhanaṃjaya.. dharme bhavati te buddhirdeveṣu brāhmaṇeṣu ca.. 2.2 .. > Then Nārada said to him: “O Dhanañjaya, conqueror of enemies, / your mind is devoted to righteousness, to the gods, and to the brahmins. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.3) kaccidetāṃ mahāyātrāṃ vīra dvādaśavāraṣikīm.. ācarankhidyase naivamatha vā kupyase na ca.. 2.3 .. > I hope that while performing this great pilgrimage of twelve years, O hero, / you do not feel distress or anger in this way. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.4) munīnāmapi cetāṃsi tīrthayātrāsu pāṃḍava.. khidyaṃti parikṛpyaṃti śreyasāṃ vighnamūlataḥ.. 2.4 .. > Even the minds of sages, O son of Pāṇḍu, on pilgrimages to sacred fords, / are distressed and agitated due to obstacles to spiritual welfare. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.5) kaccinnaitena doṣeṇa samāśliṣṭo'si pāṃḍava.. atra cāṃgirasā gītāṃ gāthāmetāṃ hi śuśruma.. 2.5 .. > I hope you are not touched by this fault, O son of Pāṇḍu. / In this regard, we have indeed heard this verse sung by Aṅgiras: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.6) yasya hastau ca pādau ca manaścaiva susaṃyatam.. nirvikārāḥ kriyāḥ sarvāḥ sa tīrthaphalamaśnute.. 2.6 .. > ‘He whose hands, feet, and mind are well restrained, / and all of whose actions are free from agitation, obtains the fruit of a sacred ford.’ > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.7) tadidaṃ hṛdi dhāryaṃ te kiṃ vā tvaṃ tāta manyase.. bhrātā yudhiṣṭhiro yasya sakhā yasya sa keśavaḥ.. 2.7 .. > Therefore, this is to be held in your heart; or what do you think, dear friend? / You whose brother is Yudhiṣṭhira, and whose companion is Keśava! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.8) punaretatsamucitaṃ yadvipraiḥ śikṣaṇaṃ nṛṇām.. vayaṃ hi dharmaguravaḥ sthāpitāstena viṣṇunā.. 2.8 .. > Moreover, it is appropriate that brahmins instruct men; / for we have been established as the teachers of righteousness by that Viṣṇu. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.9) viṣṇunā cātra śrṛṇumo gītāṃ gāthāṃ dvijānprati.. 2.9 .. > And here we have heard a verse sung by Viṣṇu concerning brahmins: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.10) yasyāmalāmṛtayaśaḥśravaṇāvagāhaḥ sadyaḥ punāti jagadā śvapacādvikuṃṭhaḥ.. sohaṃ bhavadbhirupalabdha sutīrthakīrtiśchadyāṃ svabāhumapi yaḥ pratikūlavartī.. 2.10 .. > ‘Plunging into hearing the spotless, nectar-like fame of him who is Vaikuṇṭha instantly purifies the world down to an outcaste. / Such am I, whose fame concerning excellent sacred fords has been attained through you; I would cut off even my own arm if it acts contrary to them.’ > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.11) priyaṃ ca pārtha te brūmo yeṣāṃ kuśalakāmukaḥ.. sarve kuśalinaste ca yādavāḥ pāṃḍavāstathā.. 2.11 .. > And we tell you pleasing news, O son of Pṛthā, concerning those whose welfare you desire: / they are all well—both the Yādavas and the Pāṇḍavas. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.12) adhunā bhīmasenena kurūṇāmupatāpakaḥ.. śāsanāddhṛtarāṣṭrasya vīravarmā nṛpo hataḥ.. 2.12 .. > Just now King Vīravarmā, the tormentor of the Kurus, / has been slain by Bhīmasena by order of Dhṛtarāṣṭra. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.13) sa hi rājñāmajeyo'bhūdyathāpūrvaṃ balirbalī.. kaṃṭakaṃ kaṃṭakeneva dhṛtarāṣṭro jigāya tam.. 2.13 .. > For he was invincible to kings, just as the mighty Bali was in former times; / Dhṛtarāṣṭra conquered him, removing a thorn with a thorn. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.14) ityādināradaproktāṃ vācamākarṇya phālgunaḥ.. atīva muditaḥ prāha teṣāmakuśalaṃ kutaḥ.. 2.14 .. > Having heard these and other words spoken by Nārada, Phālguna, / exceedingly delighted, said: “Whence could ill fortune come to them, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.15) ye brāhmaṇamate nityaṃ ye ca brāhmaṇapūjakāḥ.. ahaṃ ca śaktyā niyatastīrthāni vicarannanu.. 2.15 .. > who always follow the counsel of brahmins and who worship brahmins? / And I, properly self-restrained, wandering among sacred fords according to my ability, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.16) āgatastīrthametaddhi pramodo'tīva me hṛdi.. tīrthānāṃ darśanaṃ dhanyamavagāhastato'dhikaḥ.. 2.16 .. > have come to this sacred ford, and there is great joy in my heart. / Seeing sacred fords is auspicious, but bathing in them is still greater; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.17) māhātmyaśravaṇaṃ tasmādaurvopi munirabravīt.. tadahaṃ śrotumicchāmi tīrthasyāsya guṇānmune.. 2.17 .. > and hearing the māhātmya is even greater than that—so the sage Aurva said. / Therefore, O sage, I wish to hear the merits of this sacred ford. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.18) etenaiva śrāvyametadyattvayāṃgīkṛtaṃ mune.. tvaṃ hi trilokīṃ vicaranvetsi sarvāṃ hi sāratām.. 2.18 .. > This is especially worthy of being heard since it has been accepted by you, O sage. / For wandering through the three worlds, you know all the essential truth. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.19) tadetatsarvatīrthebhyo'dhikaṃ manye tvadā hṛtam.. 2.19 .. > Therefore, I consider this, which has been embraced by you, superior to all sacred fords.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.20) ..nārada uvāca.. ucitaṃ tava pārthaitadyatpṛcchasi guṇinguṇān.. guṇināmeva yujyante śrotuṃ dharmodbhavā guṇāḥ.. sādhūnāṃ dharmaśravaṇaiḥ kīrtanairyāti cānvaham.. 2.20 .. > Nārada said: / “It is proper for you, O son of Pṛthā, that as a virtuous man you ask about virtues; / virtues born of righteousness are suitable to be heard only by the virtuous. / The life of the good passes day by day in hearing and proclaiming righteousness, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.21) pāpānāmasadālāpairāyuryāti yathānvaham.. tadahaṃ kīrtayiṣyāmi tīrthasyāsya guṇānbahūn.. 2.21 .. > just as the life of sinners passes day by day in idle and wicked chatter. / Therefore I shall proclaim the many virtues of this sacred ford, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.22) yathā śrutvā vijānāsi yuktamaṃgīkṛtaṃ mayā.. purāhaṃ vicaranpārtha trilokīṃ kapilānugaḥ.. 2.22 .. > so that, having heard, you may know it was rightly accepted by me. / Formerly, wandering through the three worlds following Kapila, O son of Pṛthā, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.23) gatavānbrahmaṇo lokaṃ tatrāpaśyaṃ pitāmaham.. sa hi rājarṣidevar‌ṣimūrtāmūrtaiḥ susaṃvṛtaḥ.. 2.23 .. > I went to the world of Brahmā, and there I saw the Grandfather. / He was surrounded by royal seers and divine seers, both embodied and formless. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.24) vibhāti vimalo brahmā nakṣatrairuḍurāḍiva.. tamahaṃ praṇipatyātha cakṣuṣā kṛtasvāgataḥ.. 2.24 .. > Spotless Brahmā shone like the moon, the king of stars, amid the constellations. / Having bowed to him, after being welcomed by him with his glance, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.25) uviṣṭaḥ pramuditaḥ kapilena sahaiva ca.. etasminnaṃtare tatra vārtikāḥ samupāgatāḥ.. 2.25 .. > I sat down delighted, together with Kapila. / In the meantime, messengers arrived there. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.26) prahīyaṃte hi te nityaṃ jagaddraṣṭuṃ hi brahmaṇā.. kṛtapraṇāmānatha tānsamāsīnānpitāmahaḥ.. 2.26 .. > For they are constantly sent forth by Brahmā to observe the world. / Then to those who had bowed and were seated, the Grandfather, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.27) cakṣuṣāmṛtakalpena plāvayanniva cābravīt.. kutra kutra vicīrṇaṃ vo dṛṣṭaṃ śrutamathāpi vā.. 2.27 .. > as though showering them with his nectar-like gaze, said: / ‘Where and where have you wandered? What has been seen or heard? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.28) kiṃcidevādbhutaṃ brūta śravaṇādyena puṇyatā.. evamukte bhagavatā teṣāṃ yaḥ pravaro mataḥ.. 2.28 .. > Tell of something wondrous, by hearing which purity is attained.’ / When spoken to in this way by the Lord, the one who was considered the foremost among them, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.29) suśravānāma brahmāṇaṃ praṇipatyedamūcivān.. prabhoragre ca vijñaptiryathā dīpo ravestathā.. 2.29 .. > named Suśravas, bowed to Brahmā and said this: / ‘An address before the Lord is like a lamp before the sun; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.30) tathāpi khalu vācyaṃ me parārthaṃ preritena te.. muniḥ kātyāyanonāma śrutvā dharmānpunarbahūn.. 2.30 .. > nevertheless, it must be spoken by me, impelled by you for the sake of others. / A sage named Kātyāyana, having repeatedly heard of many duties, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.31) sārajijñāsayā tasthāvekāṃguṣṭhaḥ śataṃ samāḥ.. tataḥ provāca taṃ divyā vāṇī kātyāyana śrṛṇu.. 2.31 .. > stood on a single big toe for a hundred years out of a desire to know the essence. / Then a divine voice spoke to him: “Listen, Kātyāyana! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.32) puṇye sarasvatītīre pṛccha sārasvataṃ munim.. sa te sāraṃ dharmasādhyaṃ dharmajño'bhivadiṣyati.. 2.32 .. > On the holy bank of the Sarasvatī, ask the sage Sārasvata. / He, knower of righteousness, will declare to you the essence to be attained through righteousness.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.33) iti śrutvā munivaro muniśreṣṭhamupetya tam.. praṇamya śirasā bhūmau papracchedaṃ hṛdi sthitam.. 2.33 .. > Having heard this, the best of sages approached that foremost among sages; / bowing with his head to the earth, he asked this which was in his heart: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.34) satyaṃ kecitpraśaṃsaṃtitapaḥ śaucaṃ tathā pare.. sāṃkhyaṃ kecitpraśaṃsaṃti yogamanye pracakṣate.. 2.34 .. > “Some praise truth; others praise austerity and purity; / some praise Sāṃkhya; others declare Yoga \[to be the best\]. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.35) kṣamāṃ kecitpraśaṃsaṃti tathaiva bhṛśamārjjavam.. kecinmaunaṃ praśaṃsaṃti kecidāhuḥ paraṃ śrutam.. 2.35 .. > Some praise forgiveness, and likewise utmost uprightness; / some praise silence, while others say sacred learning is supreme. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.36) samyagjñānaṃ praśaṃsaṃti kecidvairāgyamuttamam.. agniṣṭomādikarmāṇi tathā kecitparaṃ viduḥ.. 2.36 .. > Some praise correct knowledge, others supreme dispassion; / and likewise some consider rituals such as the Agniṣṭoma supreme. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.37) ātmajñānaṃ paraṃ kecitsamaloṣṭāśmakāṃcanam.. itthaṃ vyavasthite loke kṛtyākṛtyavidhau janāḥ.. 2.37 .. > Some consider self-knowledge supreme, regarding a clod of earth, a stone, and gold as equal. / In this way, when the world is divided concerning what ought and ought not to be done, people > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.38) vyāmohameva gacchaṃti kiṃ śreya iti vādinaḥ.. yadeteṣu paraṃ kṛtyam nuṣṭheyaṃ mahātmabhiḥ.. 2.38 .. > fall into delusion, arguing about what is the highest good. / What, among these, is the supreme duty to be performed by great souls? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.39) vaktumarhasi dharmajña mama sarvārthasādhakam.. 2.39 .. > You ought to tell me, O knower of righteousness, that which accomplishes all aims.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.40) ..sārasvata uvāca.. yanmāṃ sarasvatī prāha sāraṃ vakṣyāmi tacchṛṇu.. chāyākāraṃ jagatsarvamutpattikṣayadharmi ca.. vārāṃganānetrabhaṃgasvadvadbhaṃgurameva tat.. 2.40 .. > Sārasvata said: / “Listen to that essence which the Sarasvatī told me, and which I shall tell you: / The entire world is like a shadow, subject to origination and destruction; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.41) dhanāyuryauvanaṃ bhogāñjalacaṃdravadasthirān.. buddhyā samyakparāmṛśya sthāṇudānaṃ samāśrayet.. 2.41 .. > it is as transient as the sweet flickering glance of a courtesan. / Reflecting properly with the intellect on wealth, life, youth, and pleasures as unsteady as the moon reflected in water, / one should resort to devotion to Sthāṇu and to giving. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.42) dānavānpuruṣaḥ pāpaṃ nālaṃ kartumiti śrutiḥ.. sthāṇubhakto janmamṛtyū nāpnotīti śruti stathā.. 2.42 .. > ‘A man who gives is incapable of committing sin’—so says scripture. / ‘One devoted to Sthāṇu does not incur birth and death’—so likewise says scripture. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.43) sāvarṇinā ca gāthe dve kīrtite śrṛṇu ye purā.. vṛṣo hi bhagavāndharmo vṛṣabho yasya vāhanam.. 2.43 .. > And listen to the two verses that were sung in former times by Sāvarṇi: / ‘Lord Dharma is indeed the Bull, and the bull is his mount. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.44](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.44) pūjyate sa mahādevaḥ sa dharmaḥ para ucyate.. duḥkhāvarte tamoghore dharmādharmajale tathā.. 2.44 .. > That Mahādeva is worshipped; that is called the highest dharma. / In the whirlpool of suffering, terrible with darkness, and in the waters of dharma and adharma, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.45](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.45) krodhapaṃke madagrāhe lobhabudbadasaṃkaṭe.. mānagaṃbhīrapātāle sattvayānavibhūṣite.. 2.45 .. > In the mire of anger, the crocodile of arrogance, crowded with the bubbles of greed, / In the deep underworld of conceit, adorned with creatures for vehicles, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.46](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.46) majjaṃtaṃ tārayatyeko haraḥ saṃsārasāgarāt.. dānaṃ vṛttaṃ vrataṃ vācaḥ kīrtidharmau tathāyuṣaḥ.. 2.46 .. > Hara alone rescues the drowning \[man\] from the ocean of worldly existence. / Generosity, good conduct, observance, speech, fame, dharma, and likewise lifespan— > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.47) paropakaraṇaṃ kāyādasārātsāramuddharet.. dharme rāgaḥ śrutau ciṃtā dāne vyasanamuttamam.. 2.47 .. > One should extract the essence, helping others, from the essenceless body. / Attachment to dharma, contemplation on sacred tradition, supreme addiction to giving, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.48) iṃdriyārtheṣu vairāgyaṃ saṃprāptaṃ janmanaḥ phalam.. deśe'sminbhārate janma prāpya mānuṣyamadhruvam.. 2.48 .. > Dispassion regarding sensory objects—\[thus\] the fruit of birth is attained. / Having obtained unsteady human birth in this land of Bhārata, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.49) na kuryādātmanaḥ śreyastenātmā vaṃcataściram.. devāsurāṇāṃ sarveṣāṃ mānuṣyamatidurlabham.. 2.49 .. > If one does not work for the welfare of oneself, by that one deceives oneself for a long time. / Human birth is extremely difficult to attain for all gods and demons. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.50) tatsaṃprāpya tathā kuryānna gacchennarakaṃ yathā.. sarvasya mūlaṃ mānuṣyaṃ tathā sarvārthasādhakam.. 2.50 .. > Having obtained it, one should act in such a way that one does not go to hell. / Human birth is the root of everything, and the accomplisher of all aims. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.51](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.51) yadi lābhe na yatnaste mūlaṃ rakṣa prayatnataḥ.. mahatā puṇyamūlyena krīyate kāyanaustvayā.. 2.51 .. > If you have no effort toward gain, protect the root with diligence. / With the great price of merit, you have bought the boat of the body, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.52) gaṃtuṃ duḥkhodadheḥ pāraṃ tara yāvanna bhidyate.. avikāriśarīratvaṃ duṣprāpyaṃ vai tataḥ.. 2.52 .. > To go to the other shore of the ocean of sorrow; cross over while it does not break! / A state of the body free from illness is indeed hard to obtain; then, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.53) nāpakrāmati saṃsārādātmahā sa narādhamaḥ.. tapastapyanti yatayo juhvate cātra yajvinaḥ.. dānāni cātra dīyaṃte paralokārthamādarāt.. 2.53 .. > He who does not depart from worldly existence is a destroyer of himself, the lowest of men. / Here ascetics perform austerity, and here sacrificers offer oblations; / And here gifts are given with respect for the sake of the next world. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.54](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.54) ..kātyāyana uvāca.. dānasya tapaso vāpi bhagavankiṃ ca duṣkaram.. kiṃ vā mahatphalaṃ pretya sārasvata bravīhi tat.. 2.54 .. > Kātyāyana said: / O Lord, what is harder to perform—giving or austerity? / Or what yields great fruit after death? O Sārasvata, tell me that! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.55](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.55) ..sārasvata uvāca.. na dānādduṣkarataraṃ pṛthivyāmasti kiṃcana.. mune pratyakṣamevaitaddṛśyate lokasākṣikam.. 2.55 .. > Sārasvata said: / There is nothing on earth more difficult to perform than giving. / O sage, this is witnessed before one's eyes with the world as a witness. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.56](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.56) parityajya priyānprāṇāndhanārthe hi mahābhayam.. praviśaṃti mahālobhātsamudramaṭavīṃ girim.. 2.56 .. > Having abandoned their dear lives for the sake of wealth, into great danger / They enter the ocean, the forest, and the mountain out of extreme greed. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.57](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.57) sevāmanye prapadyaṃte śvavṛttiriti yā smṛtā.. hiṃsāprāyāṃ bahukleśāṃ kṛṣiṃ caiva tathā pare.. 2.57 .. > Others take up service, which is remembered as 'a dog's livelihood'; / And others still \[take up\] agriculture, full of violence and involving much misery. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.58](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.58) tasya duḥkhārjitasyeha prāṇebhyopi garīyasaḥ.. āyāsaśatalabdhasya parityāgaḥ suduṣkaraḥ.. 2.58 .. > Of that \[wealth\] acquired with difficulty in this world, dearer even than life, / Obtained through hundreds of labors, renunciation is exceedingly difficult. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.59](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.59) yaddadāti yadaśnāti tadeva dhanino dhanam.. anye mṛtasya krīḍaṃti dārairapi dhanairapi.. 2.59 .. > What he gives away and what he eats, that alone is the wealth of the wealthy man; / When he is dead, others play with both his wives and his wealth. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.60](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.60) ahanyahani yācaṃtamahaṃ manye guruṃ yathā.. mārjanaṃ darpaṇasyeva yaḥ karoti dinedine.. 2.60 .. > Day after day I consider the beggar like a spiritual master, / Who day by day polishes \[the mind\] like a mirror. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.61](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.61) dīyamānaṃ hi nāpaiti bhūya evābhivardhate.. kūpa utsicyamāno hi bhavecchuddho bahūdakaḥ.. 2.61 .. > For what is being given away does not diminish; indeed, it increases all the more. / A well being drawn from becomes pure and full of water. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.62](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.62) ekajanmasukhasyārthe sahasrāṇi vilāpayet.. prājño janmasahasreṣu saṃcinotyekajanmani.. 2.62 .. > For the sake of happiness in a single birth, \[a fool\] would waste thousands \[of lives\]; / The wise man amasses in a single birth \[merit\] for thousands of births. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.63](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.63) mūrkho hi na dadātyarthāniha dāridryaśaṃkayā.. prājñastu visṛjatyarthānamutra tasya śaṃkayā.. 2.63 .. > The fool indeed does not give away wealth out of fear of poverty in this world; / But the wise man distributes wealth out of fear of it in the other world. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.64](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.64) kiṃ dhanena kariṣyaṃti dehino bhaṃgurāśrayāḥ.. yadarthaṃ dhanamicchaṃti taccharīramaśāśvatam.. 2.64 .. > What will embodied beings, who have a perishable refuge, do with wealth? / That body for the sake of which they desire wealth is impermanent. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.65](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.65) akṣaradvayamabhyastaṃ nāstināstīti yatpurā.. tadidaṃ dehidehiti viparītamupasthitam.. 2.65 .. > The two syllables, 'There is not, there is not,' which were repeated formerly— / That very thing has presented itself in reverse: 'Give, give!' > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.66](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.66) bodhayaṃti ca yāvaṃto dehīti kṛpaṇaṃ janāḥ.. avastheyamadānasya mā bhūdevaṃ bhavānapi.. 2.66 .. > And all those people who wake one up \[saying\] miserably: 'Give!' \[are saying\]: / 'This is the state of nongiving; may you not also become like this!' > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.67](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.67) dāturevopakārāya vadatyarthīti dehi me.. yasmāddātā prayātyūrdhvamadhastiṣṭhetpratigrahī.. 2.67 .. > The requester says 'Give to me' solely for the benefit of the giver, / Because the giver ascends above, while the recipient stays below. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.68](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.68) daridrā vyādhitā mūrkhāḥ parapreṣyakarāḥ sadā.. adattadānājjāyaṃte duḥkhasyaiva hi bhājanāḥ.. 2.68 .. > The poor, the diseased, the foolish, and those who are always servants of others, / Are born from not having given gifts, receptacles of sorrow alone. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.69](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.69) dhanavaṃtamadātāraṃ daridraṃ vā'tapasvinam.. ubhāvaṃbhasi moktavyau kaṃṭhe baddhā mahāśilām.. 2.69 .. > A rich man who is not a giver, or a poor man who does not practice austerity— / Both should be cast into the water having bound a great stone around the neck. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.70](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.70) śateṣu jāyate śūraḥ sahasreṣu ca paṃḍitaḥ.. vaktā śatasahasreṣu dātā jāyeta vā na vā.. 2.70 .. > A hero is born among hundreds, and a scholar among thousands; / An orator among hundreds of thousands; a giver may or may not be born. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.71](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.71) gobhirvipraiśca vedaiśca satībhiḥ satyavādibhiḥ.. alubdhairdānaśīlaiśca saptabhirdhāryate mahī.. 2.71 .. > By cows, brahmins, the Vedas, virtuous women, truthful people, / Those free from greed, and generous people—by these seven the earth is upheld. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.72](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.72) śibirauśīnaroṅgāni sutaṃ ca priyamaurasam.. brāhmaṇārthamupākṛtya nākapṛṣṭhamito gataḥ.. 2.72 .. > Śibi, king of Uśīnara, having offered his limbs and his dear legitimate son / For the sake of a brahmin, went from here to the surface of heaven. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.73](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.73) pratarddanaḥ kāśipati pradāya nayane svake.. brāhmaṇāyātulāṃ kīrtimiha cāmutra cāśnute.. 2.73 .. > Pratardana, the king of Kāśi, having given his own two eyes / To a brahmin, enjoys matchless fame both in this world and in the next. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.74](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.74) nimī rāṣṭraṃ ca vaideho jāmadagnyo vasuṃdharām.. brāhmaṇebhyo dadau cāpi gayaścorvīṃ sapattanām.. 2.74 .. > Nimi the king of Videha gave his kingdom, and the son of Jamadagni the earth / To brahmins; and Gaya gave the earth together with its cities. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.75](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.75) avarṣati ca parjanye sarvabhūtanivāsakṛt.. vasiṣṭho jīvayāmāsa prajāpatiriva prajāḥ.. 2.75 .. > When the rain-cloud did not shower, Vasiṣṭha, who gives refuge to all beings, / Sustained the subjects like Prajāpati \[sustains\] his creatures. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.76](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.76) brahmadattaśca pāṃcālyo rājā buddhimatāṃ varaḥ.. nidhiṃ śaṃkhaṃ dvijāgryebhyo dattvā svargamavāptavān.. 2.76 .. > And Brahmadatta, the king of the Pāñcālas, best among the wise, / Having given the Śaṅkha treasure to eminent brahmins, attained heaven. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.77](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.77) sahasrajicca rājarṣiḥ prāṇāniṣṭānmahāyaśāḥ.. brāhmaṇārthe parityajya gato lokānanuttamān.. 2.77 .. > And the royal seer Sahasrajit of great renown, having surrendered / His dear life for the sake of a brahmin, went to the highest worlds. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.78](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.78) ete cānye ca bahavaḥ sthāṇordānena bhaktitaḥ.. rudralokaṃ gatā nityaṃ śāntātmāno jitendriyāḥ.. 2.78 .. > These and many others, through giving to Sthāṇu with devotion, / Have gone permanently to the world of Rudra, calmed in soul, with senses conquered. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.79](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.79) eṣāṃ pratiṣṭhitā kīrtiryāvatsthāsyati medinī.. iti saṃciṃtya sārārthī sthāṇudānaparo bhava.. 2.79 .. > Their fame is established as long as the earth shall endure; / Reflecting thus, desirous of the essence, be devoted to giving to Sthāṇu! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.80](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.80) so'pi moha parityajya tathā kātyāyano'bhavat.. 2.80 .. > He too, abandoning delusion, became likewise, \[namely\] Kātyāyana. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.81](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.81) ..nārada uvāca.. evaṃ suśravasā proktāṃ kathāmākarṇya padmabhūḥ.. harṣāśrusaṃyuto'tīva praśaśaṃsa muhurmuhuḥ.. 2.81 .. > Nārada said: / Having heard the story narrated thus by Suśravas, the Lotus-born \[Brahmā\], / Filled with tears of joy, praised \[him\] again and again exceedingly: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.82](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.82) sādhu te vyāhṛtaṃ vatsa evametanna cānyathā.. satyaṃ sārasvataḥ prāha satyā caivaṃ tathā śrutiḥ.. 2.82 .. > Well spoken by you, dear child! It is thus and not otherwise. / Sārasvata spoke the truth, and the sacred tradition is also true in this way: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.83](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.83) dānaṃ yajñānāṃ varūthaṃ dakṣiṇā loke dātāram̐sarvabhūtānyupajīvaṃti dānenārātīram̐pānudaṃta dānena dviṣaṃto mitrā bhavaṃti dāne sarvaṃ pratiṣṭhitaṃ tasmāddānaṃ paramaṃ vadaṃtīti.. 2.83 .. > 'Giving is the armor of sacrifices; in the world all creatures live off the giver of the sacrificial fee; by giving they drive away enemies; through giving, foes become friends; in giving everything is established; therefore they say giving is supreme.' > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.84](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.84) saṃsārasāgare ghore dharmādharmormisaṃkule.. dānaṃ tatra niṣeveta tacca nauriva nirmitam.. 2.84 .. > In the terrible ocean of worldly existence, turbulent with the waves of dharma and adharma, / One should resort there to giving, and that is fashioned like a boat. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.85](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.85) iti saṃciṃtya ca mayā puṣkare sthāpitā dvijāḥ.. gaṅgāyamunayormadhye madhyadeśe dvijāḥ sṛte.. 2.85 .. > Thinking thus, brahmins were settled at Puṣkara by me; / Brahmins were created in the middle country, between the Gaṅgā and the Yamunā. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.86](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.86) sthāpitāḥ śrīharibhyāṃ tu śrīgauryā vedavittamāḥ.. rudreṇa nāgarāścaiva pārvatyā śaktipūrbhavāḥ.. 2.86 .. > The best knowers of the Veda were settled by Śrī and Hari, and by holy Gaurī; / The Nāgaras were settled by Rudra, and those born in Śaktipura by Pārvatī. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.87](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.87) śrīmāle ca tathā lakṣmyā hyevamādisurottamaiḥ.. nānāgrahārāḥ saṃdattā lokoddharaṇakāṃkṣayā.. 2.87 .. > And likewise in Śrīmāla by Lakṣmī, and thus by the foremost gods, / various land-grants were bestowed with the desire to deliver the world. // 2.87 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.88](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.88) na hi dānaphale kāṃkṣā kācinna'sti surottamāḥ.. sādhusaṃrakṣaṇārthaṃ hi dānaṃ naḥ parikīrtitam.. 2.88 .. > Indeed, O foremost among gods, there is no desire whatsoever for the fruit of gift-giving; / for giving gifts is proclaimed by us for the protection of the virtuous. // 2.88 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.89](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.89) brāhmaṇāśca kṛtasthānā nānādharmopadeśanaiḥ.. samuddharaṃti varṇāṃstrīṃstataḥ pūjyatamā dvijāḥ.. 2.89 .. > And the brahmins, once established in their settlements, by teachings of diverse duties, / deliver the three castes; therefore the twice-born are most worthy of worship. // 2.89 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.90](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.90) dānaṃ caturvidhaṃ dānamutsargaḥ kalpitaṃ tathā.. saṃśrutaṃ ceti vividhaṃ tatkramātparikīrtitam.. 2.90 .. > Giving is fourfold: a simple gift, formal dedication, an intentional vow, / and a promised gift—thus diverse, it is proclaimed in order. // 2.90 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.91](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.91) vāpīkūpataḍāgānāṃ vṛkṣavidyāsuraukasām.. maṭhaprapāgṛhakṣetradānamutsarga ityasau.. 2.91 .. > The donation of stepwells, wells, ponds, groves, learning, temples of the gods, / monasteries, water-booths, houses, and fields is called formal dedication. // 2.91 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.92](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.92) upajīvannimānyaśca puṇyaṃ ko'pi carennaraḥ.. ṣaṣṭhamaṃśaṃ sa labhate yāvadyo visṛjeddvijaḥ.. 2.92 .. > And whichever man, living off these, should practice merit, / the twice-born who dedicated them obtains a sixth share as long as it lasts. // 2.92 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.93](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.93) tadeṣāmeva sarveṣāṃ viprasaṃsthāpanaṃ param.. devasaṃsthāpanaṃ caiva dharmastanmūla eva yat.. 2.93 .. > Therefore, above all these, establishing brahmins is supreme, / as is establishing deities, since dharma is rooted in that alone. // 2.93 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.94](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.94) devatāyatanaṃ yāvadyāvacca brāhmaṇagṛham.. tāvaddātuḥ pūrvajānāṃ puṇyāṃśaścopatiṣṭhati.. 2.94 .. > As long as a temple of a deity lasts, and as long as a brahmin's house lasts, / for that long a share of merit attends upon the donor's ancestors. // 2.94 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.95](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.95) etatsvalpaṃ hi vāṇijyaṃ punarbahuphalapradam.. jīrṇoddhāre ca dviguṇametadeva prakīrtitam.. 2.95 .. > This is indeed a small trade, yet yielding great fruit; / and in restoring what is dilapidated, this very \[merit\] is proclaimed to be doubled. // 2.95 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.96](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.96) tasmādidaṃ tvahamapibravīmi surasattamāḥ.. nāsti dānasamaṃ kiṃcitsatyaṃ sārasvato jagau.. 2.96 .. > Therefore I too say this, O best of the gods: / there is nothing equal to a gift; truly has the sage belonging to Sarasvatī sung." // 2.96 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.97](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.97) ..nārada uvāca.. iti sārasvataproktāṃ tathā padmabhuveritām.. sādhusādhvityamodaṃta surāścāhaṃ suvismitāḥ.. 2.97 .. > Nārada said: / Hearing what was spoken by the sage belonging to Sarasvatī and thus uttered by the lotus-born \[Brahmā\], / the gods and I rejoiced, exceedingly astonished, saying, "Well done! Well done!" // 2.97 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.98](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.98) tataḥ sabhāvisargāṃte suramye merumūrdhani.. upaviśya śilāpṛṣṭhe ahametadaciṃtayam.. 2.98 .. > Then, at the end of the assembly's dispersal, on the delightful summit of Meru, / sitting down upon a rock surface, I reflected on this: // 2.98 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.99](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.99) satyamāha viraṃcistu sa kimarthaṃ tu jīvati.. yenaikamapi taddhṛttaṃ naiva yena kṛtārthatā.. 2.99 .. > "Brahmā spoke the truth; but for what purpose does he live / who has not fulfilled even one such deed, by which fulfillment is attained? // 2.99 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.100](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.100) tadahaṃ dānapuṇyaṃ hi kariṣyāmi kathaṃ sphuṭam.. kaupīnadaṇḍātmadhano dhanaṃ svalpaṃ hi nāsti me.. 2.100 .. > How, clearly, shall I then perform the merit of giving? / Having only a loincloth and a staff as my wealth, I do not possess even a little wealth. // 2.100 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.101](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.101) anarhate yaddadāti na dadāti tathārhate.. arhānarhaparijñānāddānadharmo hi duṣkaraḥ.. 2.101 .. > What one gives to the unworthy, and does not give likewise to the worthy— / because of discerning the worthy and unworthy, the duty of giving is indeed difficult. // 2.101 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.102](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.102) deśekāle ca pātre ca śuddhena manasā tathā.. nyāyārjitaṃ ca yo dadyādyauvane sa tadaśnute.. 2.102 .. > In the right place, time, and to a worthy recipient, with a pure mind, / whoever gives what is earned righteously, he enjoys that in his youth. // 2.102 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.103](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.103) tamovṛtastu yo dadyātkrodhāttathaiva ca.. bhuṃkte dāna phalaṃ taddhi garbhastho nātra saṃśayaḥ.. 2.103 .. > Enveloped in darkness, however, whoever gives out of anger, / he enjoys the fruit of that gift while in the womb; there is no doubt about this. // 2.103 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.104](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.104) bālatve'pi ca so'śrāti yaddattaṃ dambhakāraṇāt.. dattamanyāyato vittaṃ vai cārthakāraṇam.. 2.104 .. > In childhood too he enjoys what was given out of ostentation, / or wealth that was given unlawfully for the sake of material gain. // 2.104 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.105](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.105) vṛddhatve hi samaśrāti naro vai nātra bhaviṣyati.. tasmāddeśe ca kāle ca supātre vidhinā naraḥ.. śubhārjitaṃ prayuñjīta śraddhayā śāṭhyavarjitaḥ.. 2.105 .. > In old age indeed a man enjoys \[it\], or he will not do so \[at all\]; / therefore, in the right place, at the right time, and to an excellent recipient according to the rule, / a man should bestow what is acquired auspiciously, with faith and free from deceit. // 2.105 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.106](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.106) tadetannirdhanatvācca kathaṃ nāma bhaviṣyati.. satyamāhuḥ purā vākyaṃ purāṇamunayo'malāḥ.. 2.106 .. > Then, because of being destitute, how indeed will this come to be? / Truly did the pure ancient sages speak the saying: // 2.106 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.107](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.107) nādhanasyāstyayaṃ loko na paraśca kathaṃcana.. abhiśastaṃ prapaśyaṃti daridraṃ pārśvataḥ sthitam.. 2.107 .. > 'For the penniless, neither this world exists nor the next in any way; / people look upon a poor man standing nearby as one accursed.' // 2.107 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.108](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.108) dāridryaṃ pātakaṃ loke kastacchaṃsitumarhati.. patitaḥ śocyate sarvairnirdhanaścāpi śocyate.. 2.108 .. > Poverty is a sin in this world; who is capable of praising it? / A fallen man is lamented by all, and a destitute man is also lamented. // 2.108 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.109](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.109) yaḥ kṛśāśvaḥ kṛśadhanaḥ kṛśabhṛtyaḥ kṛśātithiḥ.. sa vai proktaḥ kṛśonāma na śarīrakṛśaḥ kṛśaṛ.. 2.109 .. > He whose horses are lean, whose wealth is lean, whose servants are lean, and whose guests are lean— / he is indeed called 'lean'; one lean in body is not lean. // 2.109 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.110](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.110) arthavānduṣkulīno'pi loke pūjyatamo naraḥ.. śaśinastulyavaṃśo'pi nirdhanaḥ paribhūyate.. 2.110 .. > A man possessed of wealth, even if of low birth, is most honored in the world; / even one born in a lineage equal to the moon, if devoid of wealth, is despised. // 2.110 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.111](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.111) jñānavṛddhāstapovṛddhā ye ca vṛddhā bahuśrutāḥ.. te sarve dhanavṛddhasya dvāri tiṣṭhanti kiṃkarāḥ.. 2.111 .. > Those advanced in knowledge, those advanced in austerity, and those advanced in learning who are widely heard— / they all stand at the door of the one rich in wealth like servants. // 2.111 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.112](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.112) yadyapyayaṃ tribhuvane artho'smākaṃ parāgnahi.. tathāpyanyaprārthito hi tasyaiva phalado bhavet.. 2.112 .. > Even if this wealth is beyond us in the three worlds, / nevertheless, what is begged from another would bear fruit for that \[giver\] alone. // 2.112 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.113](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.113) athavaitatpurā sarvaṃ ciṃtayiṣyāmi susphuṭam.. vilokayāmi pūrvaṃ tu kiṃcidyogyaṃ hi sthānakam.. 2.113 .. > Or rather, I shall think all this over very clearly first; / but first I shall look around for some suitable place." // 2.113 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.114](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.114) sa ciṃtayitveti bahuprakāraṃ deśāṃśca grāmānnagarāṇi cāśramān.. bahūnahaṃ paryaṭannāptavānhi sthānaṃ hitaṃ sthāpaye yatra viprān.. 2.114 .. > Having thought thus in many ways, wandering about through many / regions, villages, towns, and hermitages, I did not find a beneficial place where I might settle the brahmins. // 2.114 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.1.114\_1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.1.114_1) iti śrīskāṃde mahāpurāṇa ekāśītisāhasryāṃ saṃhitāyāṃ prathame māheśvarakhaṇḍe kaumārikākhaṇḍe nāradārjunasaṃvāde dānapraśaṃsāvarṇanaṃnāma dvitīya'dhyāyaḥ.. 2 .. cha .. > Thus ends the second chapter, entitled "Description of the Praise of Giving", in the dialogue between Nārada and Arjuna, in the Kaumārikākhaṇḍa of the first \[section\], the Māheśvarakhaṇḍa, in the Mahāpurāṇa of Skanda consisting of eighty-one thousand verses. // 2 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.1) .. nārada uvāca.. tatastvahaṃ ciṃtayāmi kathaṃ sthānamidaṃ bhavet.. mamāyattaṃ yato rājñāṃ bhūmireṣā sadā vaśe.. 4.1 .. > Nārada said: / "Then I reflected: 'How can this place / become subject to my control, since this earth is always under the dominion of kings? // 4.1 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.2) yattvahaṃ dharmavarṇāṇaṃ gatvā yāce ha medinīm.. arpayatyeva sa ca me yācito na punaḥ paraḥ.. 4.2 .. > If I, going to a righteous king, beg for the earth, / when solicited, he would surely bestow it upon me, but no other. // 4.2 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.3) tathā hi munibhiḥ proktaṃ dravyaṃ trividhamuttamam.. śuklaṃ madhyaṃ ca śabalamadhamaṃ gṛṣṇamucyate.. 4.3 .. > For thus have the sages spoken of wealth as threefold: the best, / white; intermediate, speckled; and the lowest is called black. // 4.3 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.4) śruteḥ saṃpādanācchiṣyātprāptaṃ śuklaṃ ca knyayayā.. tathā kusīdavāṇijyakṛṣiyācitameva ca.. 4.4 .. > Acquired through the Veda, from a pupil, and through a daughter—this is white; / likewise, that obtained by usury, trade, agriculture, and begging. // 4.4 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.5) śabalaṃ procyate sadbhirdyūtacauryeṇa sāhasaiḥ.. vyājenopārjitaṃ yacca tatkṛṣṇaṃ samudāhṛtam.. 4.5 .. > is called speckled by the virtuous; and what is acquired through gambling, theft, violence, / or deceit is proclaimed as black. // 4.5 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.6) śuklavittena yo dharmaṃ prakuryācchraddhayānvitaḥ.. tīrthaṃ pātraṃ samāsādya devatve tatsamaśnute.. 4.6 .. > Whoever performs dharma with white wealth, endowed with faith, / having found a sacred ford and a worthy recipient, enjoys it in godhood. // 4.6 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.7) rājasena ca bhāvena vittena śabalena ca.. pradadyāddānamarthibhyo mānuṣyatve tadaśnute.. 4.7 .. > And if with a passionate disposition and speckled wealth / one should bestow a gift upon petitioners, one enjoys it in human state. // 4.7 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.8) tamovṛtastu yo dadyātkṛṣṇavittena mānavaḥ.. tiryaktve tatphalaṃ pretya samaśrāti narādhamaḥ.. 4.8 .. > Enveloped in darkness, however, whatever man gives with black wealth, / having died, that lowest of men enjoys that fruit in an animal state. // 4.8 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.9) tattu yācitadravyaṃ me rājasaṃ hi sphuṭaṃ bhavet.. atha brāhmaṇabhāvena nṛpaṃ yāce pratigraham.. 4.9 .. > Then wealth obtained by begging would clearly be passionate for me. / Or, in the character of a brahmin, I might ask a king for an acceptance of a gift. // 4.9 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.10) tadapyaho cātikaṣṭa hetunā tena me matam.. ayaṃ pratigraho ghoro madhvāsvādo viṣopamaḥ.. 4.10 .. > Yet even that, alas, is considered by me as exceedingly difficult for that reason; / this accepting of gifts is dreadful, having the taste of honey, yet like poison. // 4.10 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.11) pratīgraheṇa saṃyuktaṃ hyamīvamāviśoddvijam.. tasmādahaṃ nivṛttaśca pāpādasmātpratigrahāt.. 4.11 .. > For affliction enters the twice-born who is joined with acceptance of gifts; / therefore, I have turned away from this sin of acceptance of gifts. // 4.11 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.12) tataḥ kenāpyupāyena dvayoranyatareṇa tu.. svāyattaṃ sthānaka kurma etatsañciṃtaye muhuḥ.. 4.12 .. > Then, by some means or other, by one of the two, / let us make a place subject to our own control'—this I contemplated again and again. // 4.12 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.13) yathā kubhāryaḥ puruṣaścintāṃtaṃ na prapadyate.. tathaiva vimṛśaṃścāhaṃ ciṃtāṃtaṃ na labhāmyaṇu.. 4.13 .. > Just as a man with a bad wife finds no end to his anxiety, / exactly so, reflecting upon it, I did not find the slightest end to my anxiety." // 4.13 > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.14) etasminnantare pārtha snātuṃ tatra samāgatāḥ.. bahavo munayaḥ puṇye mahīsāgarasaṃgame.. 4.14 .. > In the meantime, O Pārtha, many sages arrived there > to bathe at the holy confluence of the Mahī and the ocean. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.15) ahaṃ tānabravaṃ sarvānkuto yūyaṃ samāgatāḥ.. te māmūcuḥ praṇamyātha saurāṣṭraviṣaye mune.. 4.15 .. > I asked them all: "From where have you come?" > Having bowed down, they then said to me: "O sage, in the region of Saurāṣṭra, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.16) dharmavarmeti nṛpatiryo'sya deśasya bhūpatiḥ.. sa tu dānasya tattvārthī tepe varṣagaṇānbahūn.. 4.16 .. > there is a ruler named Dharmavarmā, the king of this country. > Seeking to understand the true nature of giving, he practiced austerity for many years. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.17) tatastaṃ prāha khe vāṇī ślokamekaṃ nṛpa śrṛṇu.. dvihetu ṣaḍadhiṣṭhānaṃ ṣaḍaṃgaṃ ca dvipākayuk.. 4.17 .. > Then an incorporeal voice in the sky said to him: 'Hear one verse, O king: > "With two motives, six foundations, six limbs, and two fruits; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.18) catuḥprakāraṃ trividhaṃ trināśaṃ dānamucyate.. ityekaṃ ślokamābhāṣya khe vāṇī virarāma ha.. 4.18 .. > having four forms, of three kinds, with three ruins is giving said to be."' > Having spoken this single verse, the voice in the sky fell silent. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.19) ślokasyārthaṃ nāvabhāṣe pṛcchamānāpi nārada.. tato rājā dharmavarmā paṭahenānvaghoṣayat.. 4.19 .. > It did not reveal the meaning of the verse, though being questioned, O Nārada. > Thereupon King Dharmavarmā made a proclamation by beat of drum: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.20) yastu ślokasya caivāsya labdhasya tapasā mayā.. karoti samyagavyākhyānaṃ tasya caitaddadāmyaham.. 4.20 .. > 'Whoever provides a complete and correct explanation of this verse > obtained by me through austerity, to him I will give this: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.21) gavāṃ ca sapta niyutaṃ suvarṇaṃ tāvadeva tu.. saptagrāmānprayacchāmi ślokavyākhyāṃ karoti yaḥ.. 4.21 .. > seven hundred thousand cows, and just as much gold; > I shall grant seven villages to whoever explains the verse.' > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.22) paṭaheneti nṛpateḥ śrutvā rājño vaco mahat.. ājagmurbahudeśīyā brāhmaṇāḥ koṭiśo mune.. 4.22 .. > Having heard this great proclamation of the king announced by drum, > millions of brahmins from many lands arrived, O sage. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.23) punardurbodhavinyāsaḥ ślokastairviprapuṃgavaiḥ.. ākhyātuṃ śakyate naiva guḍo mūkairyathā mune.. 4.23 .. > Yet, because of its difficult construction, that verse could not be explained > by those foremost brahmins at all, just as molasses \[cannot be described\] by mutes, O sage. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.24) vayaṃ ca tatra yātāḥ smo dhanalobhena nārada.. durbodhatvānnamaskṛtya ślokaṃ cātra samāgatāḥ.. 4.24 .. > We too went there out of desire for wealth, O Nārada; > but bowing before the verse due to its incomprehensibility, we have come here. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.25) durvyākhyeyastvayaṃ śloko dhanaṃ labhyaṃ na caiva naḥ.. tīrthayātrāṃ kathaṃ yāmītyevāciṃtyātra cāgatāḥ.. 4.25 .. > 'This verse is impossible to explain, and wealth is not to be obtained by us; > how shall I go on a pilgrimage?' Thinking thus, we have arrived here." > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.26) evaṃ phālguna teṣāṃ tu vacaḥ śrutvā mahātmanām.. atīva saṃprahṛṣṭo'haṃ tānvisṛjyetyaciṃtayam.. 4.26 .. > Having heard those words of those great-souled men, O Phālguna, > I was exceedingly overjoyed, and sending them off, I reflected: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.27) aho prāpta upāyo me sthānaprāptau na saṃśayaḥ.. ślokaṃ vyākhyāya nṛpaterlapsye sthānaṃ dhanaṃ tathā.. 4.27 .. > "Ah, a means has been found for me to obtain a dwelling place, without doubt! > By explaining the verse to the king, I shall obtain a place and wealth as well. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.28) vidyāmūlyena naivaṃ ca yācitaḥ syātpratigrahaḥ.. satyamāha purāṇārṣirvāsudevo jagadguruḥ.. 4.28 .. > And thus, being the price of learning, it would not be a begged gift. > Truly did the ancient seer Vāsudeva, the teacher of the world, speak: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.29) dharmasya yasya śraddhā syānna ca sā naiva pūryate.. pāpasya yasya śraddhāsyānna ca sāpi na pūryate.. 4.29 .. > 'Whoever has faith in righteousness, that \[desire\] is never unfulfilled; > whoever has faith in sin, even that is not left unfulfilled.' > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.30) evaṃ viciṃtya vidvāṃsaḥ prakurvaṃti yathāruci.. satyametadvibhorvākyaṃ durlabho'pi yathā hi me.. 4.30 .. > Reflecting thus, the wise act according to their inclination. > This word of the Lord is true, seeing that for me, though difficult to obtain, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.31) manoratho'yaṃ saphalaḥ saṃbhūtoṃkuritaḥ sphuṭam.. enaṃ ca durvidaṃ ślokamahaṃ jānāmi susphuṭam.. 4.31 .. > this desire of mine has clearly sprouted and borne fruit. > And I understand this hard-to-comprehend verse very clearly; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.32) amūrtaiḥ pitṛbhiḥ pūrvameva khyāto hi me purā.. evaṃ harṣānvitaḥ pārtha saṃciṃtyā'haṃ tato muhuḥ.. 4.32 .. > for it was indeed declared to me long ago by the formless ancestors." > Filled with joy, O Pārtha, pondering this again and again, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.33) praṇamya tīrthaṃ calito mahīsāgarasaṃgamam.. vṛddhabrāhmaṇarūpeṇa tatohaṃ yātavānnṛpam.. 4.33 .. > I bowed to the sacred ford of the confluence of the Mahī and the ocean and set forth. > Then, in the form of an old brahmin, I went to the king. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.34) idaṃ bhaṇitavānasmi ślokavyākhyāṃ nṛpa śrṛṇu.. yatte paṭahavikhyātaṃ dānaṃ ca praguṇīkuru.. 4.34 .. > I said this: "Hear the explanation of the verse, O king! > And prepare the gift that was proclaimed by you with drums." > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.35) evamukte nṛpaḥ prāha procurevaṃ hi koṭiśaḥ.. dvijottamāḥ punarnasyaṃ proktumartho hi śakyate.. 4.35 .. > When this was said, the king replied: "Indeed, millions spoke thus, > foremost brahmins, but could not state its meaning. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.36) ke dvihetū ṣaḍākhyātānyadhiṣṭhānāni kāni ca.. kāni caiva ṣaḍaṃgāni kau dvau pākau tathā smṛtau.. 4.36 .. > What are the two motives, what are the six foundations declared to be, > what are the six limbs, and what are remembered as the two fruits? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.37) ke ca prakārāścatvāraḥ kiṃsvittattrividhaṃ dvija.. payo nāśāśca ke proktā dānasyaitatsphuṭaṃ vada.. 4.37 .. > What are the four forms, what is that threefold nature, O twice-born one, > and what are declared to be the three ruins of giving? Tell this clearly. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.38) sphuṭānpraśnānimānsapta yadi vakṣyasi brāhmaṇa.. tato gavāṃ saptaniyutaṃ suvarṇaṃ tāvadeva tu.. 4.38 .. > If you answer these seven clear questions, O brahmin, > then seven hundred thousand cows, and just as much gold, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.39) sapta grāmāṃśca dāsyāmi no cedyāsyasi svaṃ gṛham.. ityuktvā vacanaṃ pārtha saurāṣṭrasvāminaṃ nṛpam.. 4.39 .. > and seven villages I will give; if not, you shall return to your own home." > Having listened to this speech, O Pārtha, \[spoken\] to the king, the lord of Saurāṣṭra, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.40) dharmavarmāṇamastvevaṃ prāvocamavadhāraya.. ślokavyākhyāṃ sphuṭāṃ vakṣye dānahetū ca tau śrṛṇu.. 4.40 .. > to Dharmavarmā, I replied: "So be it! Listen with attention! > I shall declare the clear explanation of the verse; hear first the two motives of giving. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.41) alpatvaṃ vā bahutvaṃ vā dānasyābhyudayāvaham.. śraddhā śaktiśca dānānāṃ vṛddhyakṣayakarehi te.. 4.41 .. > Whether small or great, giving brings about prosperity; > faith and capacity indeed cause gifts to increase and become imperishable. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.42) tatra śraddhāviṣaye ślokā bhavanti.. kāyakleśaiśca bahubhirna caivārathasya rāśibhiḥ.. 4.42 .. > On the subject of faith, there are these verses: > Not through many bodily mortifications, nor through heaps of wealth, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.43) dharmaḥ saṃprāpyate sūkṣmaḥ śraddhā dharmo'dbhutaṃ tapaḥ.. śraddhā svargaśca mokṣaśca śraddhā sarvamidaṃ jagat.. 4.43 .. > is subtle righteousness attained; faith is righteousness, \[faith is\] wonderful austerity; > faith is heaven, and \[faith is\] liberation; faith is this entire world. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.44](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.44) sarvasvaṃ jīvitaṃ cāpi dadyādaśraddhayā yadi.. nāpnuyātsa phalaṃ kiṃcicchraddadhānastato bhavet.. 4.44 .. > Even if one were to give all one's possessions and one's life without faith, > one would not obtain any fruit; therefore, one should be full of faith. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.45](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.45) śraddhayā sādhyate dharmo mahadbhirnārtharāśibhiḥ.. akiṃcanā hi munayaḥ śraddhāvaṃto divaṃ gatāḥ.. 4.45 .. > Righteousness is accomplished through faith, not through great heaps of wealth; > for sages possessing nothing, endowed with faith, have gone to heaven. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.46](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.46) trividhā bhavati śraddhā dehināṃ sā svabhāvajā.. sāttvikī rājasī caiva tāmasī ceti tāṃ śrṛṇu.. 4.46 .. > The faith of embodied beings is threefold, born of their inherent nature: > sāttvika, rājasa, and tāmasa; hear of it. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.47](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.47) yajaṃte sāttvikā devānyakṣarakṣāṃsi rājasāḥ.. pretānbhūtapiśācāṃśca yajaṃte tāmasā janāḥ.. 4.47 .. > Sāttvika people worship the gods; rājasa people, the yakṣas and rākṣasas; > and tāmasa people worship spirits, bhūtas, and piśācas. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.48](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.48) tasmācchraddhāvatā pātre dattaṃ nyāyārjitaṃ hi yat.. tenaiva bhagavānrudraḥ svalpakenāpi tuṣyati.. 4.48 .. > Therefore, whatever is given to a worthy recipient by a faithful person, earned by just means— > with that, even if very small, Lord Rudra is pleased. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.49) śaktiviṣaye ca ślokā bhavaṃti.. kuṭuṃbabhuktavasanāddeyaṃ yadatiricyate.. madhvāsvādo viṣaṃ paścāddāturdharmo'nyathā bhavet.. 4.49 .. > And on the subject of capacity, there are these verses: > What remains beyond the food and clothing of one's family is to be given; > otherwise, a giver's righteousness becomes sweet at first like honey, but poison in the end. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.50) śakte parajane dātā svajane duḥkhajīvini.. madhvāpānaviṣādaḥ sa dharmāṇāṃ pratirūpakaḥ.. 4.50 .. > He who gives to outsiders while capable, while his own kin live in misery, > is like one who drinks poison disguised as honey—a mere semblance of righteousness. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.51](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.51) bhṛtyānāmuparodhena yatkarotyaurdhvadaihikam.. tadbhavatyasukhodakaṃ jīvato'sya mṛtasya ca.. 4.51 .. > Whatever rite for the hereafter one performs by distressing one's dependents, > that results in unhappiness both while he is alive and when he is dead. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.52) sāmānyaṃ yācitaṃ nyāsamādhirdārāśca darśanam.. anvāhitaṃ ca nikṣepaḥ sarvasvaṃ cānvaye sati.. 4.52 .. > Common property, what is borrowed, a bailment, a pledge, a wife, a surety, > a secondary deposit, a deposit, and one's entire property when there is lineage— > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.53) āpatsvapi na deyāni navavastūni paṃḍitaiḥ.. yo dadāti sa mūḍhātmā prāyāścittīyate naraḥ.. 4.53 .. > these nine things are not to be given by the wise even in times of distress; > the man of foolish mind who gives \[them\] must perform expiation. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.54](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.54) iti te gaditau rājandvau hetū śrūyatāmataḥ.. adhiṣṭhānāni vakṣyāmi ṣaḍeva śrṛṇu tānyapi.. 4.54 .. > Thus the two motives have been declared to you, O king; hear now further: > I shall explain the six foundations; listen to them also. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.55](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.55) dharmamarthaṃ ca kāmaṃ ca vrīḍāharṣabhayāni ca.. adhiṣṭhānāni dānānāṃ ṣaḍetāni pracakṣate.. 4.55 .. > Righteousness, wealth, desire, shame, joy, and fear: > these are declared to be the six foundations of giving. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.56](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.56) pātrebhyo dīyate nityamanapekṣya prayojanam.. kevalaṃ dharmabuddhyā yaddharmadānaṃ taducyate.. 4.56 .. > That which is given constantly to worthy recipients without expecting any purpose, > solely with the thought of righteousness, is called the gift of righteousness. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.57](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.57) dhaninaṃ dhanalobhena lobhayitvārthamāharet.. tadarthadānamityāhuḥ kāmadānamataḥ śrṛṇu.. 4.57 .. > If one allures a wealthy man through greed for wealth and takes his wealth, / they call that gift based on profit (arthadāna). Hear now of the gift based on desire (kāmadāna): > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.58](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.58) prayojanamapekṣyaiva prasaṃgādyatpradīyate.. anarheṣu sarāgeṇa kāmadānaṃ taducyate.. 4.58 .. > That which is given out of self-interest, through association, / to the unworthy, with passion—that is called a gift based on desire. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.59](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.59) saṃsadi vrīḍayā''śrutya ārthibhyaḥ pradadāti ca.. pratidīyate ca yaddānaṃ vrīḍādānamiti śrutam.. 4.59 .. > When one gives to petitioners having promised in an assembly out of shame, / and a gift is thus rendered, it is known as a gift based on shame (vrīḍādāna). > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.60](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.60) dṛṣṭvā priyāṇi śrutvā vā harṣavadyatpradīyate.. harṣadānamiti proktaṃ dānaṃ taddharmaciṃtakaiḥ.. 4.60 .. > That which is given joyfully, having seen or heard pleasing things, / has been declared by thinkers on dharma to be a gift based on joy (harṣadāna). > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.61](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.61) ākrośānarthahiṃsānāṃ pratīkārāya yadbhavet.. dīyate'nupakartṛbhyo bhayadānaṃ taducyate.. 4.61 .. > That which is given to non-benefactors to counter / abuse, injury, or violence—that is called a gift based on fear (bhayadāna). > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.62](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.62) proktāni ṣaḍadhiṣṭhānānyaṃgānyapi ca ṣaṭcchruṇu.. dātā pratigrahītā ca śuddhirdeyaṃ ca dharmayuk.. 4.62 .. > The six grounds have been spoken; now hear also of the six limbs: / the donor, the recipient, purity, the gift itself endowed with righteousness, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.63](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.63) deśakālau ca dānānāmaṃgānyetāni ṣaḍviduḥ.. aparogī ca dharmātmā ditsuravyasanaḥ śuciḥ.. 4.63 .. > and the place and time—these they know as the six limbs of gifts. / A donor is praised on account of six qualities: being free from disease, righteous, willing to give, free from vices, pure, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.64](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.64) aniṃdyājīvakarmā ca ṣaḍbhirdātā praśasyate.. anṛjuścāśraddadhāno'śāṃtātmā dhṛṣṭabhīrukaḥ.. 4.64 .. > and having an unblameworthy livelihood. / One who is crooked, without faith, uncontrolled in mind, insolent, timid, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.65](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.65) asatyasaṃdho nidrālurdātāyaṃ tāmaso'dhamaḥ.. triśuklaḥ kṛśavṛttiśca ghṛṇāluḥ sakaleṃdriyaḥ.. 4.65 .. > untrue to his word, and indolent—such a donor is base, characterized by darkness (tamas). / Pure in three ways (descent, learning, conduct), of modest livelihood, compassionate, with all senses intact, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.66](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.66) vimukto yonidoṣebhyo brāhmaḥ pātramucyate.. saumukhyādabhisaṃprītirarthināṃ darśane sadā.. satkṛtiścānasūyā ca tadā śuddhiriti smṛtā.. 4.66 .. > freed from defects of birth—such a brahmin is called a worthy recipient (pātra). / Delight through pleasantness of countenance always upon seeing petitioners, / hospitality, and freedom from envy—that is remembered as purity. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.67](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.67) aparābādhamakleśaṃ svayatnenārjitaṃ dhanam.. svalpaṃ vā vipulaṃ vāpi deyamityabhidhīyate.. 4.67 .. > Wealth acquired by one's own effort, causing no harm to others and without distress, / whether small or abundant, is designated as the worthy gift. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.68](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.68) tenāpi kila dharmeṇa uddiśya kila kiṃcana.. deyaṃ taddharmayugiti śūnye śūnyaṃ phalaṃ matam.. 4.68 .. > That gift which is given aiming at someone according to dharma / is considered 'endowed with righteousness'; where there is a void, the fruit is considered void. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.69](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.69) nyāyena durlabhaṃ dravyaṃ deśe kālepi vā punaḥ.. dānārhau deśakālau tau syātāṃ śreṣṭhau na cānyathā.. 4.69 .. > Moreover, when an article is difficult to obtain lawfully in a \[particular\] place or time, / that place and time become worthy of giving and are the best, not otherwise. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.70](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.70) ṣaṃḍagānīti coktāni dvau ca pākāvataḥ śrṛṇu.. dvau pākau dānajau prāhuḥ paratrātha tvihocyate.. 4.70 .. > Thus the six limbs have been spoken. Hear next of the two fruitions: / They speak of two fruitions born of gifts: in the next world and in this one. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.71](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.71) sadbhyo yaddīyate kiṃcittatparatropatiṣṭhati.. asatsu dīyate kiṃcittaddānamiha bhujyate.. 4.71 .. > Whatever is given to the virtuous waits for one in the next world; / whatever is given to the unvirtuous, that gift is enjoyed here \[in this world\]. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.72](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.72) dvau pākāviti nirdiṣṭau prakārāṃścaturaḥ śrṛṇu.. dhruvamāhustrikaṃ kāmyaṃ naimittikamiti kramāt.. 4.72 .. > Two fruitions have thus been indicated. Hear of the four types: / in order, they speak of the constant (dhruva), the trika, the desired (kāmya), and the occasional (naimittika). > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.73](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.73) vaidiko dānamārgo'yaṃ caturdhā varṇyate dvijaiḥ.. prapārāmataḍāgādisarvakāmaphalaṃ dhruvam.. 4.73 .. > This Vedic path of gifts is described in four ways by the twice-born. / The constant (dhruva) brings the fruit of all desires, such as water-sheds, gardens, and ponds. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.74](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.74) tadāhustrikāmityāhurdīyate yaddinedine.. apatyavijayaiśvaryastrībālārthaṃ pradīyate.. 4.74 .. > They speak of that which is given day after day as the trika. / That which is given for the sake of offspring, victory, sovereignty, women, and children, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.75](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.75) icchāsaṃsthaṃ ca yaddānaṃ kāmyamityabhidhīyate.. kālāpekṣaṃ kriyāpekṣaṃ guṇāpekṣamiti smṛtau.. 4.75 .. > and the gift which rests upon a specific wish, is designated as the desired (kāmya). / Dependent on time, dependent on a rite, and dependent on virtues—in the legal tradition, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.76](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.76) tridhā naumittikaṃ proktaṃ sadā homavivarjitam.. iti proktāḥ prakārāste traividhyamabhidhīyate.. 4.76 .. > the occasional (naimittika) is declared to be threefold, always free from oblations (homa). / Thus the types have been spoken to you. The threefold classification is now stated: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.77](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.77) aṣṭottamāni catvāri madhyamāni vidhānataḥ.. kānīyasāni śeṣāṇi trividhatvamidaṃ viduḥ.. 4.77 .. > Eight are superior, four are intermediate by rule, / and the rest are inferior: thus they know this threefold classification. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.78](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.78) gṛhaprāsādavidyābhūgokūpaprāṇahāṭakam.. etānyuttamadānāni uttamadravyadānataḥ.. 4.78 .. > A house, a temple, knowledge, land, a cow, a well, life-saving protection, and gold: / these are superior gifts, owing to the donation of superior articles. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.79](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.79) annārāmaṃ ca vāsāṃsi hayaprabhṛtivāhanam.. dānāni madhyamānīti madhyamadravyadānataḥ.. 4.79 .. > Food, a grove, garments, and a conveyance such as a horse: / these are intermediate gifts, owing to the donation of intermediate articles. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.80](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.80) upānacchatrapātrādidadhimadhvāsanāni ca.. 4.80 .. > Shoes, an umbrella, utensils, curds, honey, and seats, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.81](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.81) dīpakāṣṭhopalādīni caramaṃ bahuvārṣikam.. iti kānīyasānyāhurdānanāśatrayaṃ śrṛṇu.. 4.81 .. > lamps, firewood, stones, and the like, and finally things lasting for many years: / thus they speak of the inferior gifts. Hear of the three destroyers of gifts: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.82](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.82) yaddattvā tapyate paścādāsuraṃ taddhṛthā matam.. aśraddhayā yaddadāti rākṣasaṃ syādvṛthaiva tat.. 4.82 .. > That which, after giving, one regrets, is considered demonic (āsura) and useless. / That which one gives without faith is monstrous (rākṣasa) and entirely in vain. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.83](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.83) yaccākruśya dadātyaṃga dattvā vākrośati dvijam.. paiśācaṃ tadvṛthā dānaṃdānanāśāstrayastvamī.. 4.83 .. > And that which one gives after reviling, O dear one, or having given, one reviles the twice-born— / that is ghostly (paiśāca), a futile gift. These are the three destroyers of gifts. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [1.4.2.84](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.2.84) iti saptapadairbaddhaṃ dānamāhātmya muttamam.. śaktyā te kīrtitaṃ rājansādhu vā'sādhu vā vada.. 4.84 .. > Thus the excellent greatness of gifts, composed of seven elements, / has been recited to you according to my ability, O King; tell me whether it is good or not good. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) _First 200 of 608 passages. [Read on](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.5)_ ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda~en-mt.1.4.5) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (17) - [Vulgate (Nīlakaṇṭha's text)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa*vulgate.12.158.4) — Sanskrit - [Alaṅkāramaṇihāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.alamkara.yasobhusana.alankaramanihara.1.26.759_135) — Śrīkṛṣṇa, Sanskrit - [Narasiṃhapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.vaisnava.narasimha.64.1) — Sanskrit - [Śivasaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.sampradaya.saiva.trika.natha.hathayoga.sivasamhita.1.4) — Sanskrit - [Kālikāpurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.sakta.kalika.3.846) — Sanskrit - [Caturvargacintāmaṇi](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.caturvargacintamani.1.p5.4) — Hemādri, Sanskrit - [Ṣoḍaśamahādānavidhi (Hemādri)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.dana.mahadana.sodasamahadanavidhi-hemadri.1.p5.4) — Hemādri, Sanskrit - [Dānakhaṇḍa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.hemadri.danakhanda.1.p3.4) — Hemādri, Sanskrit - [Dānasāgara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.danasagara.5.26) — Ballālasena, Sanskrit - [Dānakalpataru](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.dana.danakalpataru.2.p122) — Lakṣmīdhara, Sanskrit - [Kṛtyakalpataru](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.mahanibandha.krtyakalpataru.7.p92) — Lakṣmīdhara Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit - [Itihāsasamuccaya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.itihasasamuccaya.3.2) — Sanskrit - [Kṛtyasārasamuccaya (Amṛtanātha Jhā Śarman)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.krtya.krtyasarasamuccaya.2.p334) — Amṛtanātha Jhā Śarman 1800, Sanskrit - [Kāvyasaṅgraha](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.subhasita.subhasita.kavyasangraha.49.82) — Sanskrit - [Subhāṣitasudhānidhi](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.subhasita.subhasita.daksina.subhasitasudhanidhi.12.1) — Sāyaṇa, Sanskrit - [Śivadharmottara (another edition)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.sampradaya.saiva.sivadharma.sivadharmottara*alt.1.4.68) — Sanskrit - [Kālaviveka](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.nibandha.kalaviveka.77.p1.13) — Jīmūtavāhana, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.1.4.5) · Pramāṇa