[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Purāṇas](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana) › [Skandapurana](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda) › 5.198 # Skandapurana 5.198 Skandapurāṇa 5.198 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [5.198.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.1) ṛṣaya ūcuḥ.. tisraḥkoṭyordhakoṭī ca tīrthānāmiha bhūtale.. śrūyate sūta kārtsnyena kīrtyamānā munīśvaraiḥ..1.. > The seers said: / Three and a half crores of sacred fords here on the earth's surface / are heard of, Sūta, being proclaimed in full by the lords of sages. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.3) kathaṃ labhyeta sarveṣāṃ tīrthānāṃ snānajaṃ phalam.. alpāyurbhirmahābhāga kalikāla upasthite..2.. ..sūta uvāca.. kṣetratrayamihākhyātaṃ tathāraṇyatrayaṃ mahat.. purītrayaṃ vanānyeva trīṇi grāmāstathātrayaḥ .. 3 .. > How can the fruit born of ritual ablution in all the sacred fords be obtained / by those of short life, O highly fortunate one, now that the Kali age has arrived? / Sūta said: / Three sacred fields have been declared here, likewise three great forests; / three cities, three groves indeed, and likewise three villages; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.4) tathā tīrthatrayaṃ cānyatparvatatritayānvitam .. mahānadītrayaṃ caiva sarvapātakanāśanam .. 4 .. > likewise another triad of sacred fords along with a triad of mountains, / and a triad of great rivers that destroys all sins; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.5) martyalokesthitaṃ viprāḥ sarvatīrthaphalapradam .. sarveṣveteṣu yaḥ snāti sa sarveṣāṃ phalaṃ labhet .. 5 .. > situated in the mortal world, O brahmins, bestowing the fruit of all sacred fords. / Whoever performs ritual ablution in all these receives the fruit of all. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.6) caturviṃśatisaṃkhyānāmidamāha prajāpatiḥ .. ya ekasmiṃstrike snāti sarva trikaphalaṃ labhet .. 6 .. > Prajāpati declared this concerning these twenty-four in number: / one who bathes in a single triad obtains the fruit of the whole triad. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.7) .. ṛṣaya ūcuḥ .. .. trīṇi kṣetrāṇi kānīha tathāraṇyāni kāni ca .. puryastisro mahābhāga kāḥkhyātāśca vanāni ca .. 7 .. > The seers said: / Which are the three sacred fields here, and which are the forests? / Which are proclaimed to be the three cities, O highly fortunate one, and which the groves? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.8) ke grāmāḥ kāni tīrthāni ke nagāḥ saritaśca kāḥ .. nāmabhirvada naḥ sūta sarvāṇyetāni vistarāt .. 8 .. > Which are the villages? Which the sacred fords? Which the mountains and which the rivers? / Tell us all these by name, O Sūta, in detail. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.9) .. sūta uvāca .. .. kurukṣetramiti khyātaṃ prathamaṃ kṣetramuttamam .. hāṭakeśvarajaṃ kṣetraṃ dvitīyaṃ parikīrtitam .. 9 .. > Sūta said: / Kurukṣetra is known as the first, supreme sacred field; / the sacred field born of Hāṭakeśvara is celebrated as the second; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.10) prābhāsikaṃ tṛtīyaṃ tu kṣetraṃ hi dvijasattamāḥ .. etatkṣetratrayaṃ puṇyaṃ sarvapātakanāśanam .. 6.199.10 .. > and the third sacred field is Prabhāsa, O best of brahmins. / This triad of sacred fields is holy and destroys all sins. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.11) yathoktavidhinā dṛṣṭvā naraḥ pāpātpramucyate .. yo yaṃ kāmamabhidhyāyankṣetreṣveteṣu bhaktitaḥ .. 11 .. > Having seen \[them\] according to the prescribed rule, a man is freed from sin. / Meditating with devotion on whatever desire one wishes in these sacred fields, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.12) snānaṃ karoti tasyeṣṭaṃ manaso jāyate phalam .. caturviṃśatimāneṣu snāto bhavati sa dvijāḥ..12.. > if he performs ritual ablution, the fruit cherished by his mind comes to pass. / He becomes \[as if\] bathed in the twenty-four \[places\], O brahmins. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.13) ekaṃ tu puṣkarāraṇyaṃ naimiṣāraṇyameva ca .. dharmāraṇyaṃ tṛtīyaṃ tu teṣāṃ saṃkīrtyate dvijāḥ .. 13 .. > Puṣkarāraṇya is one forest, and Naimiṣāraṇya indeed \[the second\]; / the third among them is proclaimed to be Dharmāraṇya, O brahmins. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.14) triṣveteṣu ca yaḥ snāti caturviṃśatibhāgbhavet .. 14 .. > And whoever performs ritual ablution in these three becomes a sharer in the twenty-four. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.15) vārāṇasī purītyekā dvitīyā dvārakāpurī .. avantyākhyā tṛtīyā ca viśrutā bhuvanatraye .. 15 .. > The city of Vārāṇasī is one, Dvārakā is the second city, / and the third is called Avantī, renowned in the three worlds. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.16) etāsu yo naraḥ snāti caturviṃśatibhāgbhavet .. 16 .. > A man who performs ritual ablution in these becomes a sharer in the twenty-four. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.17) vṛndāvanaṃ vanaṃ caikaṃ dvitīyaṃ khāṃḍavaṃ vanam .. khyātaṃ dvaitavanaṃ cānyattṛtīyaṃ dharaṇītale .. 17 .. > Vṛndāvana is one grove, and Khāṇḍava is the second grove; / another is celebrated as Dvaitavana, the third on the earth's surface. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.18) triṣveteṣu ca yaḥ snāti caturviṃśatibhāgbhavet ..18.. > And whoever performs ritual ablution in these three becomes a sharer in the twenty-four. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.19) kalpagrāmaḥ smṛtaścaikaḥ śāligrāmo dvitīyakaḥ .. naṃdigrāmastṛtīyastu viśruto dvijasattamāḥ ..19.. > Kalpagrāma is remembered as one, Śāligrāma as the second, / and Nandigrāma is the renowned third, O best of brahmins. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.20) triṣveteṣu ca yaḥ snāti caturviṃśatibhāgbhavet .. 6.199.20 .. > And whoever performs ritual ablution in these three becomes a sharer in the twenty-four. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.21) agnitīrthaṃ smṛtaṃ caikaṃ śuklatīrthamathāparam.. tṛtīyaṃ pitṛtīrthaṃ tu pitṝṇāmativallabham .. 21 .. > Agnitīrtha is remembered as one, and Śuklatīrtha as the next; / and the third is Pitṛtīrtha, exceedingly dear to the ancestors. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.22) triṣveteṣu ca yaḥ snāti caturviṃśatibhāgbhavet .. 22 .. > And whoever performs ritual ablution in these three becomes a sharer in the twenty-four. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.23) śrīparvataḥ smṛtaścaiko dvitīyaścārbudastathā .. tṛtīyo raivatākhyo'tra vikhyātaḥ parvatottamāḥ .. 23 .. > Śrīparvata is remembered as one, and Arbuda likewise as the second; / the third here is named Raivata, renowned as the best of mountains. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.24) triṣveteṣu ca yaḥ snāti caturviṃśatibhāgbhavet .. 24 .. > And whoever performs ritual ablution in these three becomes a sharer in the twenty-four. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.25) gaṃgā nadī smṛtā pūrvā narmadākhyā tathā parā .. sarasvatī tṛtīyā tu nadī plakṣasamudbhavā .. 25 .. > The river Gaṅgā is remembered as the first, and another is named Narmadā; / the third is Sarasvatī, the river arising from the Plakṣa tree. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.26) āsu sarvāsu yaḥ snāti caturviṃśatibhāgbhavet .. 26 .. > Whoever performs ritual ablution in all these becomes a sharer in the twenty-four. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.27) eteṣveva hi sarveṣu yaḥ snānaṃ kurute naraḥ .. sārdhakoṭitrayasyātra sa kṛtsnaṃ phalamāpnuyāt .. 27 .. > A man who performs ritual ablution in all these indeed / obtains the complete fruit of the three and a half crores \[of sacred fords\] here. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.28) yaścaikasminnaraḥ snāti sa trikasya phalaṃ labhet .. 28 .. > And a man who performs ritual ablution in one \[of them\] receives the fruit of the triad. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.29) etadvaḥ sarvamākhyātaṃ yatpṛṣṭo'smi dvijottamāḥ .. saṃkṣepāttīrthajaṃ puṇyaṃ labhyate yannarairbhuvi .. 29 .. > All this has been recounted to you, which I was asked, O best of brahmins: / the religious merit born of sacred fords that is obtained in brief by men on earth. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.30) sāṃprataṃ kiṃ nu vo vacmi yattadvadata mā ciram .. 6.199.30 .. > What now shall I say to you? Speak of that without delay. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.31) .. ṛṣaya ūcuḥ .. .. hāṭakeśvaraje kṣetre yāni tīrthāni sūtaja .. tāni proktāni sarvāṇi tvayā'smākaṃ suvistarāt .. 31 .. > The seers said: / All those sacred fords that exist in the sacred field of Hāṭakeśvara, O son of Sūta, / have been declared by you to us in great detail, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.32) tathā cāyatanānyeva saṃkhyayā rahitāni ca .. api varṣaśatenātra snānaṃ kartuṃ na śakyate .. 32 .. > and likewise shrines beyond number. / Even in a hundred years it is not possible to perform ritual ablution here, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.33) teṣu sarveṣu martyena yathoktavidhinā sphuṭam .. devatāyatanānyeva tathā draṣṭuṃ mahā mate .. 33 .. > clearly, by a mortal in all of them according to the prescribed rule, / and likewise to see the shrines of the deities, O wise one. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.34) yasminsnāto dine caiva tasya vyuṣṭiḥ prakīrtitā .. alpāyuṣastadā martyāḥ kṛte'pi parikīrtitāḥ .. 34 .. > The reward is proclaimed \[only\] for the day on which one has bathed in it. / Mortals were declared to have short lives even in the Kṛta age; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.35) tretāyāṃ dvāpare cāpi kimu prāpte kalau yuge .. evamalpāyuṣo jñātvā mānavānsūtanaṃdana .. 35 .. > in the Tretā and in the Dvāpara as well, how much more so when the Kali age has arrived! / Knowing that human beings have such short lives, O son of Sūta, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.36) labheraṃśca kathaṃ sarvatīrthānāṃ snānajaṃ phalam .. devadarśanajaṃ vāpi viśeṣānnirdhanāśca ye .. 36 .. > how might they obtain the fruit born of ritual ablution in all the sacred fords, / or that born of seeing the deities, especially those who are penniless? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.37](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.37) asti kaścidupāyo'tra daivo vā mānuṣo'pi vā .. yena teṣāṃ bhavetpuṇyaṃ sarveṣāmeva helayā .. 37 .. > Is there any means here, whether divine or human, / by which religious merit may come to all of them easily? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.38](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.38) .. sūta uvāca .. .. asminnarthe purā pṛṣṭo viśvāmitro mahāmuniḥ .. samupetyāśramaṃ tasya ānartena mahībhujā .. 38 .. > Sūta said: / Regarding this matter, the great sage Viśvāmitra was asked in the past / by the king Ānarta, having approached his hermitage. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.39](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.39) .. rājovāca .. .. bhagavannatra tīrthāni saṃkhyayā rahitāni ca .. teṣu snānavidhiḥ proktaḥ sarveṣveva pṛthakpṛthak .. 39 .. > The king said: / O venerable one, the sacred fords here are beyond number, / and the rule of ritual ablution has been proclaimed in each and every one separately, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.40](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.40) māse vāre dine caiva kutracinmunisattamaiḥ .. dānāni ca tathoktāni yathā snāna vidhistathā .. 6.199.40 .. > in a particular month, weekday, and lunar day by the best of sages; / gifts have likewise been stated, just as the rule of ritual ablution. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.41](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.41) devānāṃ darśanaṃ cāpi pṛthaktena prakīrtitam .. na śakyate phalaṃ prāptuṃ sarveṣāṃ kenacinmune .. 41 .. > The darśana of the deities has also been declared separately. / It is not possible for anyone to obtain the fruit of all of them, O sage, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.42](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.42) api varṣaśatenāpi kiṃ punaḥ stokavāsaraiḥ.. tasmādvada mahābhāga sukhopāyaṃ ca dehinām ..42.. > even in a hundred years, how much less in a few days! / Therefore, O highly fortunate one, tell an easy means for embodied beings. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.43](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.43) ekasminnapi ca snātastīrthe prāpnoti mānavaḥ.. sarveṣāmeva tīrthānāṃ snānajaṃ sakalaṃ phalam .. 43 .. > \[so that\] a person, bathed in even a single sacred ford, / obtains the entire fruit born of bathing in all sacred fords? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.49](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.49) tathaikasminsure dṛṣṭe sarvadevasamudbhavam .. phalaṃ darśanajaṃ bhāvi narāṇāṃ dvijasattama .. 49 .. > Likewise, when a single god is seen, what fruit arises from all the gods / born of darśana shall come to men, O best of the twice-born? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.49\_1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.49_1) .. sūta uvāca .. .. tacchrutvā suciraṃ dhyātvā viśvāmitro mahāmuniḥ .. abravīcchṛṇu rājeṃdra sarahasyaṃ vadāmi te .. 45 .. > Sūta said: > Having heard that and meditated for a long time, the great sage Viśvāmitra / spoke: “Listen, O lord of kings; I tell you a secret. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.49\_2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.49_2) catvāryatra prakṛṣṭāni mukhyatīrthāni pārthiva .. yeṣu snāne kṛte rājañchrāddhe ca tadanaṃtaram .. sarveṣāmeva tīrthānāṃ snānajaṃ labhyate phalam .. 46 .. > Here there are four excellent, principal sacred fords, O king. / When bathing is performed in them, O king, and thereafter a śrāddha, / the fruit born of bathing in all sacred fords is obtained. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.49\_3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.49_3) saptaviṃśatiliṃgāni tathātraiva sthitāni ca .. siddheśvaraprapūrvāṇi sarvapāpaharāṇi ca .. 47 .. > Likewise, twenty-seven liṅgas are situated right here, / beginning with Siddheśvara, which remove all sins. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.49\_4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.49_4) teṣu sarveṣu dṛṣṭeṣu bhaktyā pūtena cetasā .. sarveṣāmeva devānāṃ bhaveddarśanajaṃ phalam .. 48 .. > When all of them are seen with devotion and a purified mind, / the fruit born of the darśana of all the gods is obtained. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.49\_5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.49_5) ekasminnapi saṃdṛṣṭe pūjite vā surottame .. saptaviṃśatiliṃgānāṃ pūjā tena kṛtā bhavet .. 49 .. > Even when a single foremost god \[among them\] is seen or worshipped, / the worship of the twenty-seven liṅgas is performed by him.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.50](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.50) .. rājovāca .. .. kāni catvāri tīrthāni tatra mukhyāni sanmune .. yeṣu snāto naraḥ samyaksarveṣāṃ labhate phalam .. 6.199.50 .. > The king said: > “Which four sacred fords are the principal ones there, O virtuous sage, / bathed in which a person properly obtains the fruit of all of them?” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.51](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.51) .. viśvāmitra uvāca .. .. atrāsti kūpikā puṇyā yasyāṃ saṃśrayate gayā .. kṛṣṇapakṣe caturdaśyāmamāvāsyādine tathā .. 51 .. > Viśvāmitra said: > “Here there is a holy small well in which Gayā takes refuge / on the fourteenth day of the dark fortnight and on the day of the new moon, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.52](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.52) viśeṣeṇa mahābhāga kanyāsaṃsthe divākare .. nirviṇṇā bhūmilokānāṃ kṛtaiḥ śrāddhairanekadhā .. 52 .. > especially, O highly fortunate one, when the sun is in the sign of Virgo. / Wearied by the many śrāddhas performed by the people of the earth, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.53](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.53) yastasyāṃ kurute śrāddhaṃ samyakchraddhāsamanvitaḥ .. 53 .. > whoever performs a śrāddha in it, properly endowed with faith, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.54](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.54) tasminnahani rājeṃdra sa saṃtārayate pitṝn .. tathā tīrthaṃ dvitīyaṃ tu śaṃkhatīrthamiti smṛtam.. .. 54 .. > on that day, O king of kings, he delivers his ancestors. / And the second sacred ford is remembered as Śaṅkhatīrtha. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.55](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.55) tatra snātvā naro yastu paśyecchaṃkheśvaraṃ tataḥ .. sarveṣāṃ phalamāpnoti māghasya prathame'hani .. 55 .. > Having bathed there, the man who then sees Śaṅkheśvara / on the first day of Māgha obtains the fruit of all of them. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.56](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.56) tathā mannāmakaṃ tīrthe tṛtīyaṃ mukhyatāṃ gatam .. atra snātvā tu yaḥ paśyenmayā saṃsthāpitaṃ haram .. 56 .. > Likewise, the third sacred ford bearing my name has attained preeminence. / But having bathed here, whoever beholds Hara installed by me, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.57](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.57) viśvāmitreśvaraṃ nāma sarveṣāṃ sa phalaṃ labhet .. nabhasyasya sitāṣṭamyāṃ sarveṣāṃ labhate phalam .. 57 .. > named Viśvāmitreśvara, he shall obtain the fruit of all of them. / On the bright eighth day of Nabhasya, he obtains the fruit of all of them. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.58](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.58) śakratīrthamiti khyātaṃ caturthaṃ bālamaṇḍanam .. tatra snātvā ca paṃcāhaṃ śakreśvaramavekṣya ca .. āśvinasya site'ṣṭamyāṃ sarveṣāṃ labhate phalam .. 58 .. > The fourth, renowned as Śakratīrtha, is an ornament for children. / Having bathed there for five days and having looked upon Śakreśvara / on the bright eighth day of Āśvina, he obtains the fruit of all of them.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.59](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.59) .. rājovāca .. .. vidhānaṃ vada me vipra gayākūpyāḥ samudbhavam .. vistareṇa mahābhāga śraddhā me mahatī sthitā .. 59 .. .. > The king said: > “Tell me, O brahmin, the rule regarding the origin of Gayākūpī / in detail, O highly fortunate one; great faith has arisen in me.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.60](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.60) .. viśvāmitra uvāca .. .. amāvāsyādine prāpte tatra kanyāgate ravau .. yaḥ śrāddhaṃ kurute bhaktyā sa pitṝṃstārayennijān .. 6.199.60 .. > Viśvāmitra said: > “When the day of the new moon has arrived, with the sun situated in Virgo, / he who performs a śrāddha with devotion delivers his ancestors, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.61](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.61) bhartṛyajñavidhānena śuddhaiḥ sthānodbhavairdvijaiḥ .. bhartṛyajñavidhiṃ tyaktvā yo'nyena vidhinā naraḥ .. 61 .. > according to the rule of Bhartṛyajña, with pure brahmins born of the place. / A man who, abandoning the rule of Bhartṛyajña, by another rule > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.62](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.62) śrāddhaṃ karoti mūḍhātmā vihīnaṃ sthānajairdvijaiḥ .. sthānajairapi vā'śuddhaistasya tadvyarthatāṃ vrajet 62 .. > performs a śrāddha, foolish-minded, lacking brahmins born of the place, / or \[performed\] with impure ones, even if born of the place, that becomes futile for him. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.63](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.63) vṛṣṭiḥ syādūṣare yadvatsatyametanmayoditam .. aṃdhasyāgre yathā nṛtyaṃ pragītaṃ badhirasya ca .. tathā ca vyarthatāṃ yāti anyasthānodbhavairdvijaiḥ .. 63 .. > It is like rain upon barren ground; this truth is spoken by me. / Just as a dance before a blind man, and singing for a deaf man, / so it goes to futility when performed with brahmins born of another place. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.64](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.64) brāhmaṇaiḥ kārayecchrāddhaṃ mūrkhairapi dvijottamāḥ .. caturvedā api tyājyā anyasthānasamudbhavāḥ ..64.. > One should have the śrāddha performed by brahmins, even if ignorant, O best of the twice-born; / even knowers of the four Vedas are to be abandoned if born of another place. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.65](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.65) dave karmaṇi pitrye vā somapāne viśeṣataḥ.. deśāṃtaragato yastu śrāddhaṃ ca kurute naraḥ .. vaiśvānarapurastena kāryaṃ nānyadvijasya ca .. 65.. > In a rite for the gods or for the ancestors, especially at the drinking of soma— / but a man who has gone to another country and performs a śrāddha / must perform it before Agni, and not with another twice-born. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.66](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.66) saṃniveśya darbhabaṭūñchrāddhaṃ kuryāddvijottamāḥ .. dakṣiṇā bhojanaṃ deyaṃ sthānikānāṃ cirādapi .. 66 .. > Having seated darbha effigies, he should perform the śrāddha, O best of the twice-born. / The priestly fee and food should be given to the local brahmins, even after a long time. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.67](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.67) paṃcagavyasya saṃpūrṇo yathā kumbhaḥ praduṣyati .. biṃdunaikena madyasya patitena nṛpottama .. 67 .. > Just as a vessel full of the five products of the cow is polluted / by a single drop of liquor fallen \[into it\], O best of kings, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.68](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.68) ekenāpi ca bāhyena bahūnāmapi bhūpate .. madhye samupaviṣṭena tacchrāddhaṃ doṣamāpnuyāt .. 68 .. > even by a single outsider seated in the midst / of many, O king, that śrāddha would incur defilement. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.69](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.69) sthānajo'pi caturvedo yadyapi syānna śuddhibhāk .. bahūnāmapi śuddhānāṃ madhye śrāddhaṃ vināśayet .. 69 .. > Even a native of the place knowing the four Vedas, if he does not possess purity, / will ruin the śrāddha \[if seated\] in the midst of many pure ones. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.70](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.70) tasmātsarvaprayatnena śuddhaṃ brāhmaṇamānayet .. 6.199.70 .. > Therefore, with every effort, one should bring a pure brahmin, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.71](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.71) sthānikaṃ mūrkhamapyevamalābhe guṇināmapi .. hīnāṃgamadhikāṃgaṃ vā dūṣitaṃ no tathā param .. 71 .. > even an ignorant local one, in the absence of virtuous ones; / not one with a missing limb or an extra limb, or otherwise corrupted. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.72](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.72) kanyādāne tathā śrāddhe kulīno brāhmaṇaḥ sadā .. āhartavyaḥ prayatnena ya icchecchubhamātmanaḥ .. so'pi śuddhisamāyukto yadi syānnṛpasattama .. 72 .. > In giving away a maiden and in a śrāddha, a well-born brahmin / should always be brought with effort by one who desires his own welfare, / if he too is endowed with purity, O best of kings. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.73](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.73) vṛkṣāṇāṃ ca yathā'śvattho devatānāṃ yathā hariḥ.. śreṣṭhasthānajaviprāṇāṃ tathā cāṣṭakulodbhavaḥ .. 73 .. > As the aśvattha tree among trees, as Hari among deities, / so is one born of eight noble families among the brahmins born of the place. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.74](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.74) āyudhānāṃ yathā vajraṃ sarasāṃ sāgaro yathā .. śreṣṭhasthānajaviprāṇāṃ tathāṣṭakulasaṃbhavaḥ .. 74 .. > As the thunderbolt among weapons, as the ocean among bodies of water, / so is one born of eight noble families among the brahmins born of the place. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.75](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.75) uccaiḥśravā yathā'śvānāṃ gajānāṃ śakravāhanaḥ .. śreṣṭhasthānajaviprāṇāṃ tathāṣṭakulasaṃbhavaḥ .. 75 .. > As Uccaiḥśravas among horses, as Indra's mount among elephants, / so is one born of eight noble families among the brahmins born of the place. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.76](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.76) nadīnāṃ ca yathā gaṃgā satīnāṃ cāpyaruṃdhatī .. tadvatsthānajaviprāṇāṃ śreṣṭho'ṣṭakulikaḥ smṛtaḥ .. 76 .. > As the Gaṅgā among rivers, and as Arundhatī among chaste wives, / likewise one belonging to eight families is remembered as the best among brahmins born of the place. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.77](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.77) grahāṇāṃ bhāskaro yadvannakṣatrāṇāṃ niśākaraḥ .. tadvatsthānajaviprāṇāṃ śreṣṭho'ṣṭakulikaḥ smṛtaḥ .. 77 .. > Just as the sun among planets, and the moon among constellations, / likewise one belonging to eight families is remembered as the best among brahmins born of the place. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.78](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.78) parvatānāṃ yathā merurdvipadānāṃ dvijottamaḥ .. sthānajānāṃ tu viprāṇāṃ śreṣṭho'ṣṭakulikastathā .. 78 .. > As Meru among mountains, and a brahmin among two-footed beings, / so one belonging to eight families is the best among brahmins born of the place. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.79](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.79) pakṣiṇāṃ garuḍo yadvatsiṃho'raṇyanivāsinām .. sthānajānāṃ tu viprāṇāṃ śreṣṭho'ṣṭakulikastathā .. 79 .. > Just as Garuḍa among birds, and the lion among forest dwellers, / so one belonging to eight families is the best among brahmins born of the place. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.80](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.80) evaṃ jñātvā prayatnena śrāddhe yajñe ca pārthiva . kanyādāne viśeṣeṇa yojyaścāṣṭakulodbhavaḥ .. 6.199.80 .. > Knowing this, one born of eight noble families should be employed with effort, O king, / in a śrāddha and in a sacrifice, and especially in giving away a maiden. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.81](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.81) nṛtyaṃti pitarastasya garjaṃti ca pitāmahāḥ .. vedimūle samālokya prāptamaṣṭakulaṃ nṛpa .. 81 .. > His ancestors dance and his grandfathers roar, / seeing one of eight noble families arrived at the base of the altar, O king. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.82](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.82) punarvadaṃti saṃhṛṣṭāḥ kimasmākaṃ pradāsyati .. dauhitraścāpasavyena jalaṃ darbhatilānvitam .. 82 .. > Overjoyed, they say again: “What will the daughter’s son give us / with his sacred thread over the right shoulder—water with darbha grass and sesame seeds?” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.83](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.83) .. rājovāca .. .. yadetadbhavatā proktaṃ śraiṣṭhyamaṣṭakulodbhavam .. sarveṣāṃ nāgarāṇāṃ ca tatkiṃ vada mahāmate ..83.. > The king said: > What is this pre-eminence of those born of the eight lineages > over all the Nāgaras that you have spoken of? Tell me that, O noble-minded one! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.84](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.84) na hyatra kāraṇaṃ svalpaṃ bhaviṣyati dvijottama .. 84 .. > For surely the reason for this cannot be a small one, O best of the twice-born. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.85](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.85) .. viśvāmitra uvāca .. .. satyametanmahārāja yattvayā vyāhṛtaṃ vacaḥ .. anye'pi nāgarāḥ saṃti vedavedāṃgapāragāḥ..85.. > Viśvāmitra said: > What you have said, O great king, is true. > There are other Nāgaras as well who have mastered the Vedas and Vedāṅgas, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.86](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.86) śrāddhārhā yajñayogyāśca kanyāyogyā viśeṣataḥ.. paraṃ te sthāpitā rājansvayamiṃdreṇa tatra ca .. 86 .. > worthy of śrāddha, fit for sacrifices, and especially fit for taking brides. > Yet those \[eight\] were installed there, O king, by Indra himself > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.87](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.87) pradhānatvena sarveṣāṃ nāgaraiścāpi kṛtsnaśaḥ .. tena te gauravaṃ prāptāḥ sthānetraiva viśeṣataḥ .. 87 .. > as foremost among all \[the brahmins\], and by all the Nāgaras collectively. > Therefore they have attained respect, especially in this very place. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.88](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.88) tasmācchrūāddhaṃ prakartavyaṃ viprai ścāṣṭakulodbhavaiḥ .. aprāptau caiva teṣāṃ tu kāryaṃ nāgarasaṃbhavaiḥ .. 88 .. > Therefore a śrāddha should be performed with brahmins born of the eight lineages; > and if they are not obtained, it should be done with those born of Nāgara lineage, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.89](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.89) nānyasthānasamudbhūtaiścaturvedairapi dvijaiḥ .. bhartṛyajñena maryādā kṛtā hyeṣā mahā tmanā .. 89 .. > not with twice-born who come from other places, even if they know the four Vedas. > Indeed, this ordinance was established by the great-souled Bhartṛyajña: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.90](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.90) muktvā tu nāgaraṃ vipraṃ yo'nyenātra kariṣyati .. śrāddhaṃ vā yadi vā yajñaṃ vyarthaṃ tasya bhaviṣyati ..6.199.90 .. > Whoever performs here a śrāddha or a sacrifice > excluding a Nāgara brahmin with any other, for him it will be fruitless. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.91](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.91) .. rājovāca .. .. saṃtyanye vividhā viprā vedavedāṃgapāragāḥ .. madhyadeśodbhavāḥ śāntāstathānye tīrthasaṃbhavāḥ .. 91 .. > The king said: > There are various other brahmins who have mastered the Vedas and Vedāṅgas, > peaceful ones born in the Madhyadeśa, as well as others born in tīrthas, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.92](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.92) bhartṛyajñena ye tyaktāḥ śrāddhe yajñe viśeṣataḥ .. hīnāṃgāścādhikāṃgāśca dvirnagnāḥ śyāvadaṃtakāḥ .. 92 .. > who were rejected by Bhartṛyajña, especially in śrāddha and sacrifice; > and those who have defective limbs, redundant limbs, are twice naked, or have dark teeth, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.93](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.93) kunakhāḥ kuṣṭhasaṃyuktā mūrkhā api vigarhitāḥ .. śrāddhārhāḥ sūcitāstena etaṃ me saṃśayaṃ vada .. 93 .. > have diseased nails, are afflicted with leprosy, or are fools and contemptible, > were indicated by him as worthy of śrāddha. Resolve this doubt of mine! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.94](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.94) .. viśvāmitra uvāca .. .. kīrtayiṣye naravyāghra kāraṇāni bahūni ca .. camatkārasya patnyāśca dānena patitā yataḥ.. 94 .. > Viśvāmitra said: > I shall tell you, O tiger among men, the many reasons > why they became fallen through the gift of Camatkāra's wife, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.95](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.95) strīṇāṃ pratigraheṇaiva vipreṣu proṣiteṣu ca .. pṛthaktvaṃ ca tato jātaṃ bāhyābhyantarasaṃjñakam .. 95 .. > and through the acceptance \[of gifts\] by women while the brahmins were abroad, > from which arose a division designated as outer and inner. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.96](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.96) durvāsasā tataḥ śaptā ruṣṭenevāhinā yathā .. vidyādhanābhimānena śāpena patitāḥ sadā .. 96 .. > Then, cursed by Durvāsas as if by an angry serpent, > they were permanently fallen through his curse on account of their pride in learning and wealth. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.97](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.97) kuśe rājyagate rājanrākṣasānāṃ mahābhayam .. prajayā''veditaṃ sarvaṃ tasya rājño mahātmanaḥ .. 97 .. > When Kuśa came to the throne, O king, a great fear of rākṣasas > was reported entirely by the subjects to that great-souled king. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.98](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.98) vibhīṣaṇasya laṃkāyāṃ dūtaśca preṣitastadā .. sarvaṃ nivedayāmāsa prajānāṃ bhayasaṃbhavam .. 98 .. > A messenger was then sent to Vibhīṣaṇa in Laṅkā, > and he made known all the fear that had arisen among the people. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.99](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.99) abhivandya kuśādeśaṃ rāmasya caritaṃ smaran .. puryāṃ vilokayāmāsa laṅkāyāṃ rāmaśāsanāt .. 99 .. > Paying homage to Kuśa's command and remembering Rāma's conduct, > \[Vibhīṣaṇa\] inspected \[the matter\] in the city of Laṅkā by Rāma's authority. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.100](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.100) upaplavasya kartāro naṣṭāḥ sarve diśo daśa .. gandharvāṇāṃ ca lokaṃ hi bhayena mahatā gatāḥ .. 6.199.100 .. > The perpetrators of the affliction fled in all ten directions; > in great fear, they went to the world of the gandharvas. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.101](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.101) sthātuṃ tatra na śaktāste vibhīṣaṇabhayena ca .. pṛthivyāṃ samanuprāptāḥ sthānānyapi bahūni ca .. 101 .. > Unable to stay there because of the fear of Vibhīṣaṇa, > they arrived on earth and \[spread to\] many places. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.102](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.102) bhayena mahatā tatra kuśasyaiva tu śāsane .. brāhmaṇānāṃ ca rūpāṇi kṛtvā tatra samāgatāḥ .. 102 .. > Out of great fear, in the realm under Kuśa's rule, > they assumed the forms of brahmins and came there. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.103](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.103) vāḍavānāṃ mahimnā ca madhye sthātuṃ na te'śakan .. patitānāṃ ca saṃsthānaṃ camatkārapuraṃ gatāḥ .. 103 .. > Unable to remain among \[the faithful\] because of the glory of the brahmins, > they went to Camatkārapura, the dwelling-place of the fallen. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.104](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.104) māyāviśāradaistaiśca dhanena vidyayā tataḥ .. adha jagdhaṃ tatastaistu teṣāṃ madhye sthitaṃ ca taiḥ .. 104 .. > Skilled in deception, by means of wealth and learning, > they consumed food together and dwelt among them. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.105](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.105) tataḥprabhṛti te sarve rākṣasatvaṃ prapedire .. krūrāṇyapi ca karmāṇi kurvaṃti ca padepade .. 105 .. > From then on, they all assumed the nature of rākṣasas > and committed cruel deeds at every step. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.106](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.106) tataste sarvathā rājanvarjanīyāḥ prayatnataḥ .. śrāddhe yajñe naravyāghra narake pātayaṃti ca .. .. 106 .. > Therefore, O king, tiger among men, they must be avoided in every way > at a śrāddha and a sacrifice; they cause one to fall into hell. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.107](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.107) anyacca dūṣaṇaṃ teṣāṃ kīrtayiṣye tavā'nagha .. trijātāḥ sthāpitā rājansarpāṇāṃ garanāśanāt .. 107 .. > I shall mention another fault of theirs to you, O sinless one: > They were established as of threefold birth, O king, for destroying the poison of serpents. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.108](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.108) nagaratvaṃ tato jātaṃ camatkāra purasya tu .. trijātatvaṃ tu sarveṣāṃ jātaṃ tatra viśeṣataḥ .. 108 .. > Thence Camatkārapura attained its status as a city, > and all of them there especially came to have a threefold birth. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.109](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.109) etebhyaḥ kāraṇebhyaśca bhartṛyajñena varjitāḥ .. punaśca kāraṇaṃ teṣāṃ sparśādapi na śuddhibhāk .. 109 .. > For these reasons they were avoided by Bhartṛyajña. > And there is yet another reason: even by their touch one does not attain purity, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.110](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.110) kumbhakotthaṃ ca saṃprāptaṃ mahaccaṇḍālasaṃbhavam .. 6.199.110 .. > and \[the fault\] stemming from Kumbhaka, originating from a great caṇḍāla, was incurred. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.111](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.111) .. rājovāca .. .. etacca kāraṇaṃ vipra kathayasva prasādataḥ .. sthāvarasya carasyaiva jagato jñānamasti te .. 111 .. > The king said: > Please tell me this reason also out of your favour, O brahmin; > you have knowledge of the world, both immobile and mobile. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.112](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.112) .. viśvāmitra uvāca .. .. atra te kīrtayiṣyāmi pūrvavṛttakathāṃtaram .. bhartṛyajena ye tyaktāḥ sarvenye brāhmaṇottamāḥ .. 112 .. > Viśvāmitra said: > In this regard I will narrate to you another tale of past events, > concerning why all those other best brahmins were rejected by Bhartṛyajña. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.113](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.113) vardhamāne pure pūrvamāsīdaṃtyajajātijaḥ .. caṇḍālaḥ kuṃbhakonāma nirdayaḥ pāpakarmakṛt .. 113 .. > Formerly, in the city of Vardhamāna, there was a man born of an outcaste class, > a caṇḍāla named Kumbhaka, pitiless and a committer of sinful deeds. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.114](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.114) kasyacittvatha kālasya tasya putro babhūva ha .. virūpasyāpi rūpāḍhyaḥ pūrvakarmaprabhāvataḥ .. 114 .. > After some time, a son was born to him; > though \[the father\] was deformed, \[the son\] was endowed with beauty by the power of past deeds. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.115](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.115) piṃgākṣasya sukṛṣṇasya vayomadhyasya pārthiva .. dakṣaḥ sarveṣu kṛtyeṣu sarvalakṣaṇalakṣitaḥ .. 115 .. > To him who had reddish-brown eyes, was very black, and was in middle age, O ruler of the earth, > \[was born a son\] capable in all tasks and endowed with all auspicious marks. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.116](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.116) sa vṛddhiṃ drutamabhyeti śuklapakṣe yathoḍurāṭ .. tathā'sau śaṃsyamānastu sarvalokaiḥ surūpabhāk .. dṛṣṭvā kuṭuṃbakaṃ nityaṃ vairāgyaṃ paramaṃ gataḥ ..116.. > He grew rapidly like the moon in the bright fortnight, > praised by all people, possessed of a handsome form; > seeing his family, he continually experienced the highest detachment. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.117](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.117) tato deśāṃtaraṃ duḥkhādbhramamāṇa itastataḥ .. camatkārapuraṃ prāpto dvijarūpaṃ samāśritaḥ .. sa snāti sarvakṛtyeṣu bhikṣānnakṛtabhojanaḥ .. 117 .. > Then, wandering here and there out of sorrow into another country, > he reached Camatkārapura, having assumed the form of a twice-born. > He took ritual ablutions before all rites, eating only food gathered as alms. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.118](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.118) etasminneva kāle tu brāhmaṇaḥ śaṃsitavrataḥ .. chāṃdogyagotravikhyātaḥ subhadronāma pārthivaḥ .. 118 .. > At that very time, there was a brahmin celebrated for his vows, > renowned in the Chāndogya lineage, named Subhadra, O ruler of the earth. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.119](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.119) nāgaro varṣayājī ca vedavedāṃgapāragaḥ .. tatrāsīttasya sañjātā kanyakā dviguṇai radaiḥ .. 119 .. > A Nāgara who sacrificed every year and had mastered the Vedas and Vedāṅgas, > he lived there; and a daughter was born to him with a double row of teeth, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.120](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.120) tathā tribhiḥstanai raudrā pṛṣṭhyāvartakasaṃyutā .. daridro'pi suduḥstho'pi kulahīnopi pārthiva..6.199.120... > and likewise dreadful with three breasts and possessed of a whorl of hair upon her back. > Though \[a suitor might be\] poor, in great distress, or base-born, O ruler of the earth, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.121](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.121) dīyamānāmapi na tāṃ pratigṛhṇāti kaścana .. yadbhakṣayati bhartāraṃ ṣaṇmāsābhyaṃtare hi sā ..121.. > no one would accept her even when offered; > for she would devour her husband within six months! > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.122](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.122) yasyāḥ syurdviguṇā daṃtā evaṃ sāmudrikā jaguḥ .. tristanī kanyakā yā tu śvaśurasya kulakṣayam .. saṃdhatte nātra sandehastasmāttāṃ dūratastyajet ..122.. > A woman who has double teeth—thus have the physiognomists declared— > and a maiden with three breasts brings about the destruction of her father-in-law's family, > there is no doubt about this; therefore one should abandon her from afar. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.123](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.123) pṛṣṭhyāvarto bhavedyasyā asatī sā bhaveddrutam .. bahupāpasamācārā tasmāttāṃ parivarjayet .. 123 .. > A woman who has a whorl of hair upon her back will quickly become unchaste, > practising many sins; therefore one should avoid her. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.124](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.124) atha tāṃ vṛddhimāpannāṃ dṛṣṭvā vipraḥ subhadrakaḥ .. cintācakraṃ samārūḍho na śāṃtimadhigacchati .. 124 .. > Now, seeing her grown to maturity, the brahmin Subhadra > mounted a wheel of anxiety and found no peace. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.125](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.125) kiṃ karomi kva gacchāmi kathamasyāḥ patirbhavet .. na kaścitpratigṛhṇāti prārthito'pi muhurmuhuḥ .. 125 .. > “What shall I do? Where shall I go? How will she get a husband? / Even though asked again and again, no one accepts her. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.126](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.126) daridro vyādhito vā'pi vṛddho'pi brāhmaṇo hi saḥ .. smṛtau yasmādidaṃ proktaṃ kanyārthe prāṅmaharṣibhiḥ .. 126 .. > \[Whether\] poor, diseased, or even old, as long as he is a brahmin; / for this was declared in the smṛti by the great seers of old regarding a maiden: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.127](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.127) aṣṭavarṣā bhavedgaurī navavarṣā ca rohiṇī .. daśavarṣā bhavetkanyā ata ūrdhvaṃ rajasvalā .. 127 .. > ‘At eight years she is Gaurī, and at nine years she is Rohiṇī; / at ten years she is a maiden (kanyā), and beyond that she is a menstruating woman (rajasvalā). > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.128](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.128) mātā caiva pitā caiva jyeṣṭho bhrātā tathaiva ca .. trayaste narakaṃ yāṃti dṛṣṭvā kanyāṃ rajasvalām .. 128 .. > Mother, father, and likewise the eldest brother— / all three go to hell upon seeing a maiden become a rajasvalā.’ ” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.129](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.129) evaṃ cintayatastasya soṃ'tyajo dvijarūpadhṛk .. bhikṣārthaṃ tadgṛhaṃ prāpto dṛṣṭastena mahātmanā .. 129 .. > While he was thinking thus, that outcaste (antyaja), wearing the form of a twice-born, / arrived at his house to beg for alms, and was seen by that noble man. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.130](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.130) pṛṣṭaśca vismayāttena dṛṣṭvā rūpaṃ tathāvidham .. kutastvamiha samprāptaḥ kva yāsyasi ca bhikṣuka .. 6.199.130 .. > And seeing such an appearance, he asked him out of wonder: / “Whence have you arrived here, and where will you go, mendicant? > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.131](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.131) īdṛgbhavyataro bhūtvā kasmānmādhukarīṃ gataḥ .. kiṃ gotraṃ tava me brūhi katamaḥ pravaraśca te .. 131 .. > Being so very handsome, why have you resorted to collecting alms? / Tell me, what is your lineage (gotra), and which is your ancestral lineage (pravara)?” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.132](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.132) so'bravīdgauḍadeśīyaṃ sthānaṃ me sumahattaram .. nāmnā bhojakaṭaṃ khyātaṃ nānādvijasamāśritam .. 132 .. > He said: “My very eminent dwelling place is in the Gauḍa country, / renowned by the name Bhojakaṭa, inhabited by various twice-born. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.133](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.133) tatrāsīnmādhavonāma brāhmaṇo vedapāragaḥ .. vasiṣṭhagotravikhyāta ekapravarasūcitaḥ .. .. 133 .. > There was a brahmin named Mādhava, who had mastered the Vedas, / renowned in the Vasiṣṭha gotra, distinguished by a single pravara. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.134](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.134) tasyāhaṃ tanayo nāmnā caṃdraprabha iti smṛtaḥ .. 134 .. > I am his son, known by the name Candraprabha. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.135](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.135) tato'hamaṣṭame varṣe yadā vratadharaḥ sthitaḥ .. tadā paṃcatvamāpannaḥ pitā me vedapāragaḥ .. 135 .. > Then, when in my eighth year I was observing my vow \[of studenthood\], / my father, the master of the Vedas, met his death. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.136](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.136) mātā me saha tenaiva praviṣṭā havyavāhanam .. tato vairāgyamāpanno niṣkrāṃto'haṃ nijālayāt .. 136 .. > My mother entered the fire together with him. / Then, overcome with dispassion, I departed from my own home. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.137](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.137) tīrthāni bhramamāṇo'tra saṃprāptastu puraṃ tava .. adhunā saṃprayāsyāmi prabhāsaṃ kṣetramuttamam .. 137 .. > Wandering among sacred fords, I arrived here at your city. / Now I will proceed to Prabhāsa, the supreme sacred field, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.138](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.138) yatra someśvaro devastyaktvā kailāsamāgataḥ .. na mayā paṭhitā vedā na ca śāstraṃ nṛpottama.. tīrthayātrāprasaṃgena tena bhikṣāṃ carāmyaham .. 138 .. > where Lord Someśvara came after leaving Kailāsa. / I have not studied the Vedas, nor the scriptures, O best of kings; / for the purpose of a pilgrimage to sacred fords, therefore, I wander for alms.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.139](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.139) .. viśvāmitra uvāca .. .. tasya tadvacanaṃ śrutvā cintayāmāsa cetasi .. brāhmaṇo'yaṃ sudeśīyastathā bhavyatamākṛtiḥ .. yadi gṛhṇāti me kanyāṃ tadasmai pradadāmyaham .. 139 .. > Viśvāmitra said: / Hearing that speech of his, he reflected in his mind: / “This brahmin is from a good country, and his appearance is very handsome. / If he will accept my daughter, then I shall give \[her\] to him, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.140](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.140) yāvadrajasvalā naiva jāyate sā nirūpitā .. kṛtsnaṃ dūṣayati kṣipraṃ naiva vaṃśaṃ mamādhamā .. 6.199.140 .. > so long as she is not yet seen to have become a rajasvalā, / lest that base girl quickly disgrace my entire family.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.141](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.141) tataḥ provāca taṃ mlecchaṃ saṃmaṃtrya saha bhāryayā .. yadi gṛhṇāsi me kanyāṃ tava yacchāmyahaṃ dvija .. 141 .. > Then, having deliberated with his wife, he said to that outcaste: / “If you will accept my daughter, O twice-born, I shall give \[her\] to you. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.142](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.142) bharaṇaṃ poṣaṇaṃ dvābhyāṃ kariṣyāmi sadaiva hi ..142.. > I will indeed provide maintenance and nourishment for both of you at all times.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.143](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.143) tacchrutvā harṣitaḥ prāha soṃ'tyajo nṛpasattamam .. tavādeśaṃ kariṣyāmi yaccha me kanyakāṃ nṛpa .. 143 .. > Hearing that, delighted, the outcaste said to the best of kings: / “I will carry out your command; give me your daughter, O king.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.144](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.144) tathetyuktvā gatastena tasmai dattā nijā sutā .. gṛhyoktena vidhānena vivāho vihitastataḥ .. 144 .. > Having said “So be it,” he went and gave his own daughter to him; / then the wedding was performed according to the rule prescribed in the Gṛhya texts. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.145](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.145) tato dadau dhanaṃ dhānyaṃ gṛhaṃ kṣetraṃ ca godhanam .. tasmai tuṣṭisamāyukto manyamānaḥ kṛtārthatām .. 145 .. > Then, filled with satisfaction and considering himself to have achieved his purpose, / he gave him wealth, grain, a house, a field, and wealth in cattle. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.146](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.146) atha so'pi ca tāṃ prāpya vilāsānakarodbahūn .. khādyaiḥ pānaiḥ suvastraiśca gandhamālyairvibhūṣaṇaiḥ .. 146 .. > Then he too, having obtained her, indulged in many pleasures, / with foods, drinks, fine garments, perfumes, garlands, and ornaments. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.147](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.147) paraṃ sa vrajati prāyo yena mārgeṇa kenacit .. sārameyāḥ saśabdāśca pṛṣṭhato'nuvrajaṃti vai .. 147 .. > Yet along whatever path he generally walked, / barking dogs followed behind him, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.148](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.148) anyeṣāmaṃtyajātyānāṃ yadvattasya viśeṣataḥ .. vedābhyāsaparaścaiva yadi saṃjāyate kvacit .. raktaṃ patati vaktreṇa tatkṣaṇāttasya durmateḥ .. 148 .. > just as \[they do\] to other outcastes, and especially to him. / And if ever he engaged in the study of the Veda, / blood immediately fell from the mouth of that evil-minded one. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.149](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.149) etasminnaṃtare lokaḥ sarva eva praśaṃkitaḥ .. abravīcca mitho'bhyetya caṃḍālo'yamasaṃśayam .. 149 .. > Meanwhile, all the people became suspicious, / and approaching one another, they said: “This man is undoubtedly a caṇḍāla, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.150](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.150) yadete pṛṣṭhato yāṃti bhaṣamāṇāḥ śunīsutāḥ .. subhadro'pi ca tatteṣāṃ śrutvā cintāparo'bhavat .. 6.199.150 .. > since these sons of bitches follow behind \[him\] barking.” / Subhadra too, hearing that \[talk\] of theirs, became filled with anxiety. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.151](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.151) manyamānaśca tatsatyaṃ duḥkhena mahatānvitaḥ .. nūnamaṃtyajajātīyo bhaviṣyati sutāpatiḥ .. 151 .. > Considering that to be true, filled with great sorrow, \[he thought\]: / “Surely my daughter's husband must be of the outcaste class. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.152](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.152) jñāyate ceṣṭitaiḥ sarvairyathā'yaṃ jalpate janaḥ .. 152 .. > It is known by all his actions, just as the people say.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.153](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.153) evaṃ rātriṃdivaṃ tasya cintayānasya bhūpateḥ .. lokāpavādayuktasya kiyānkālo'bhyavartata .. 153 .. > Thus, while that king, subject to public scandal, / was worrying day and night, some time passed. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.154](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.154) anyasminnahani prāpte ādyādyā dvijasattamāḥ .. madhyagena samāyuktā brahmasthānaṃ samāgatāḥ .. tasya śuddhikṛte procuryena śaṃkā praṇaśyati .. 154 .. > When another day arrived, the foremost twice-born sages, / accompanied by an arbiter, came to the Brahmasthāna; / for the sake of his purification, they spoke so that doubt might be destroyed. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.155](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.155) athocustaṃ dvijaśreṣṭhā brahmasthānasya madhyagam .. madhyagasya tu vaktreṇa vivarṇavadanaṃ sthitam .. 155 .. > Then the best of the twice-born said to him who stood before the arbiter of the Brahmasthāna, / who stood with a pale face spoken to by the arbiter: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.156](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.156) kulaṃ gotraṃ nijaṃ brūhi pravarāṃśca viśeṣataḥ .. sthānaṃ deśaṃ ca viprāṇāṃ yena śuddhiḥ pradīyate .. 156 .. > “State your family, your gotra, and especially your pravaras, / and the dwelling place and country of the brahmins, so that purification may be granted.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.157](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.157) athāsau vepamānastu prasvinnavadanastathā .. adhodṛṣṭiruvācedaṃ gadgadaṃ vihitāñjaliḥ .. 157 .. > Then he, trembling, with a sweating face / and downcast eyes, with joined palms, said this in a faltering voice: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.158](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.158) garbhāṣṭame pitā mahyaṃ varṣe mṛtyuṃ gatastataḥ .. tataḥ sā taṃ samādāya jananī me pativratā .. māṃ tyaktvā duḥkhitaṃ dīnaṃ praviṣṭā havyavāhanam .. 158 .. > “In the eighth year from my conception my father met his death. / Then my devoted mother, taking him \[in her lap\] / and abandoning me, afflicted and wretched, entered the fire. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.159](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.159) ahaṃ vairāgyamāpannastīrthayātrāṃ samāśritaḥ .. bālabhāve piturduḥkhāttāpasairaparaiḥ saha .. 159 .. > Overcome with dispassion in my childhood out of grief for my father, / I undertook a pilgrimage to sacred fords along with other ascetics. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.161](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.161) na mayā paṭhito vedo na ca śāstraṃ nirūpitam.. tīrthayātrāparo'haṃ ca samāyāto bhavatpuram .. 6.199.160 abhadreṇa subhadreṇa śvaśureṇa durātmanā .. etajjānāmyahaṃ viprā gotraṃ vāsiṣṭhameva vā .. 161 .. > I did not study the Veda, nor have I examined the scriptures. / Dedicated to pilgrimages to sacred fords, I arrived at your city, / \[taken in\] by my father-in-law, the base-minded Subhadra, who is \[in truth\] un-auspicious (abhadra). / This \[much\] I know, O brahmins: either \[my\] gotra is indeed Vāsiṣṭha, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.162](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.162) athaikapravaro deśo gauḍo madhupuraṃ puram .. tataste brāhmaṇāḥ procuryasya no jñāyate kulam .. tasya śuddhiḥ pradātavyā dhaṭadvāreṇa kevalā ..162.. > and with one pravara, \[my\] country is Gauḍa, and \[my\] city is Madhupura.” / Then those brahmins said: “He whose lineage is not known, / to him purification must be granted solely by means of the balance (dhaṭa). > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.163](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.163) sa tvaṃ dhaṭaṃ samāruhya brāhmaṇyārthaṃ ca kevalam .. śuddhiṃ prāpya tato bhogānbhuṃkṣvātrastho'pi kevalam .. 163 .. > Therefore, having mounted the balance solely for the sake of brahminhood, / and having thereby obtained purification, then enjoy pleasures, remaining right here.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.164](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.164) so'bravītsāhasaṃ kṛtvā sarvāneva ddvijottamān .. pratigṛhṇāmyahaṃ kāmaṃ taptamāṣakameva ca..164.. > Gathering courage, he said to all the best twice-born: / “I will willingly accept even the heated coin (taptamāṣaka), > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.165](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.165) praviśāmi hutāśaṃ vā bhakṣayiṣyāmyahaṃ viṣam..165.. > or I will enter fire, or I will consume poison. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.166](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.166) kiṃ punardhaṭadivyaṃ ca kriyamāṇe sukhāvaham .. brāhmaṇasya kṛte viprāścitte no māmake ghṛṇā .. 166 .. > How much more the ordeal of the balance (dhaṭadivya), which brings ease when performed! / For the sake of brahminhood, O brahmins, there is no aversion in my mind.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.167](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.167) atha te brāhmaṇāstasya dhaṭārohaṇasaṃbhavam .. śuddhiṃ nirdiśya vāraṃ ca sūryasya ca tataḥ param .. jagmuḥ svaṃsvaṃ gṛhaṃ sarve so'pi viproṃ'tyajo dvijāḥ .. 167 .. > Then those brahmins, having prescribed his purification / through the balance ordeal on a Sunday after that, / all went to their respective homes; and that outcast \[posing as a\] brahmin also went \[home\], O twice-born ones. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.168](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.168) tataḥ prāha nijāṃ bhāryāṃ rahasye nṛpasattama.. jñāto'haṃ brāhmaṇaiḥ sarvairaṃtyajātisamudbhavaḥ .. deśātaraṃ gamiṣyāmi tvamāgaccha mayā saha .. 168 .. > Then in secret he said to his own wife, O best of kings: / “I have been recognized by all the brahmins as an outcast by birth. / I will go to another country; you come with me.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.169](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.169) .. bhāryovāca .. .. ahamagniṃ pravekṣyāmi na yāsyāmi tvayā saha .. pāpabuddhe patiṣyāmi na cāhaṃ narakāgniṣu .. 169 .. > The wife said: / “I will enter fire; I will not go with you. / O evil-minded one, I will not fall into the fires of hell. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.170](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.170) budhyamānā na seviṣye tvāmaṃtyajasamudbhavam .. pāpa saṃdūṣitaṃ sarvaṃ tvayaitatsthānamuttamam .. 6.199.170 .. > Knowing \[it\], I will not serve you who are born of an outcaste. / O sinner, this entire excellent place has been corrupted by you, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.171](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.171) tathā mama piturharmyaṃ saṃvatsaraprayājinaḥ .. tasmāddrutataraṃ gaccha yāvanno vetti kaścana .. 171 .. > as well as the mansion of my father, who performs sacrifices for a year. / Therefore, go very swiftly, as long as no one knows; > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.172](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.172) no cetpāpasamācāra saṃprāpsyasi mahā''padam .. 172 .. > otherwise, O worker of evil, you will meet with great misfortune.” > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.173](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.173) tato niśāmukhe prāpte kaupīnāvaraṇānvitaḥ .. naṣṭo'bhīṣṭāṃ diśaṃ prāpya tadā jīvitajādbhayāt .. 173 .. > Then, when nightfall arrived, wearing only a loincloth, / having fled toward his desired direction, he vanished out of fear for his life. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [5.198.199](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198.199) iti śrīskāṃde mahāpurāṇa ekāśītisāhasryāṃ saṃhitāyāṃ ṣaṣṭhe nāgarakhaṇḍe hāṭakeśvarakṣetramāhātmye nāgarāṣṭakulaśraiṣṭhyavarṇanaṃnāmaikonadviśatatamo'dhyāyaḥ .. 199 .. .. cha .. > Thus ends the one hundred and ninety-ninth chapter, named ‘Description of the Pre-eminence of the Eight Families of Nāgaras’, in the Māhātmya of the Hāṭakeśvara-kṣetra, in the Nāgarakhaṇḍa, the sixth \[part\] of the eighty-one-thousand-verse collection of the glorious Skanda Mahāpurāṇa. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda~en-mt.5.198.1) — English, machine translation ## Linked texts (1) - [Hāṭakeśvaramāhātmya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.sthala.hatakesvaramahatmya.199.2) — Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.5.198) · Pramāṇa