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# Mudgalapurana 3.16: yugadharmavarṇanaṃ nāma ṣoḍaśo'dhyāyaḥ

Mudgalapurāṇa 3.16

- **Language:** Sanskrit

## Contents

- [3.16.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.36) — 2 parts

### yugadharmavarṇanaṃ nāma ṣoḍaśo'dhyāyaḥ

### [3.16.p1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.p1)

śrīgaṇeśāya namaḥ ||

> Obeisance to the glorious Gaṇeśa!  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.1)

naranārāyaṇāvūcatuḥ |  
divyavarṣasahasrāṇi dvādaśā'tha mahāmune |  
caturyugamayaḥ kālo jñātavyo vibudhaiḥ sadā ||

> Nara and Nārāyaṇa said: / Twelve thousand divine years, O great sage: / time consisting of the four ages is always to be known by the wise.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.2)

catvāri ca sahasrāṇi varṣāṇi kṛtanāmakam |  
yugaṃ prakīrtitaṃ tatrāṣṭaśataiḥ sandhirucyate ||

> Four thousand years is the age / proclaimed by the name Kṛta; its junction is said to consist of eight hundred \[years\].  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.3)

trīṇi varṣasahasrāṇi yugaṃ tretā prakīrtitam |  
sandhyāṃśo dviguṇaistatra jñātavyo vibudhaiḥ śataiḥ ||

> The Tretā age is proclaimed to be three thousand years; / its dawn and dusk portion is to be understood by the wise as twofold by centuries there.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.4)

sahasre dve ca varṣāṇi dvāparaḥ parikīrtitaḥ |  
sandhyāṃśo dviguṇaistasmācchataistu parikīrtitaḥ ||

> Two thousand years Dvāpara is proclaimed; / its dawn and dusk portion is proclaimed to be twofold by centuries from that.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.5)

ekavarṣasahasraṃ vai kaliḥ paramadāruṇaḥ |  
tasyā'pi sandhirdviguṇo jñātavyo vibudhaistathā ||

> One thousand years is Kali, exceedingly terrible; / its junction too is to be understood as twofold by the wise in that way.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.6)

śatāni sandhirūpāṇi jñātavyāni viśeṣataḥ |  
sarvatra yugamāneṣvādyaṃ tayorbhogadāni vai ||

> The centuries constituting the junction are to be known specifically; / everywhere among the measures of the ages, the first of the two grants enjoyment.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.7)

evaṃ dvādaśasāhasradevavarṣāṇi tāni vai |  
caturyugānāṃ mānaṃ ca kathitaṃ kālavedibhiḥ ||

> Thus those twelve thousand divine years / are stated by knowers of time to be the measure of the four ages.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.8)

ādyaṃ kṛtayugaṃ proktaṃ tatastretā prakīrtitā |  
tato dvāparanāmā'pi kalistasmāt prakīrtitaḥ ||

> The first is declared to be the Kṛta age; then Tretā is proclaimed; / then that named Dvāpara; and after that Kali is proclaimed.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.9)

dhyānaṃ kṛtayuge mukhyaṃ tretāyāmadhvarastapaḥ |  
dvāpare pūjanācāraḥ kalau stavanamucyate ||

> Meditation is primary in the Kṛta age; sacrifice and asceticism in Tretā; / ritual worship in Dvāpara; praise is spoken of in Kali.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.10)

brāhmaḥ kṛtayuge dharmaścatuṣpādaḥ sanātanaḥ |  
tretāyāṃ tripadaḥ prokto dharmo dharmavidāṃ varaiḥ ||

> Dharma relating to Brahman in the Kṛta age has four feet and is eternal; / in Tretā, dharma is declared to have three feet by the best among knowers of dharma;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.11)

dvāpare dvipado dharmaḥ sarvaśāstreṣu sammataḥ |  
kalāvekapadaḥ proktaḥ sopyaṃ'te nāśameṣyati ||

> in Dvāpara, dharma has two feet, agreed upon in all scriptures; / in Kali, it is declared to have one foot, and even that will go to destruction at the end.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.12)

kṛte jñānaṃ sadā pūjyaṃ tretāyāṃ ravirucyate |  
dvāpare daivataṃ viṣṇuṃ kalau śambhuṃ vadanti ca ||

> In Kṛta, knowledge is always to be worshipped; in Tretā, the sun is spoken of; / in Dvāpara, they speak of the deity Viṣṇu, and in Kali, Śambhu.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.13)

caturyugānāṃ māneṣu gaṇeśo mukhyabhāvataḥ |  
pūjyate mānavaiḥ sarvaiḥ svasvasiddhyarthamādarāt ||

> Throughout the spans of the four ages, Gaṇeśa in his primary nature / is worshipped with reverence by all mortals for the accomplishment of their respective perfections.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.14)

kṛte vināyakaḥ proktaḥ kaśyapātmaja eva saḥ |  
siṃhārūḍhaśca digbāhustejorūpī prakathyate ||

> In Kṛta, he is proclaimed as Vināyaka, the very son of Kaśyapa, / mounted on a lion, ten-armed, declared to have the form of splendour.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.15)

khaṃ. 3 a. 16 pāna 33) tretāyāṃ pūjyate devo mayūreśaśca ṣaḍbhujaḥ |  
mayūravāhanaḥ putraḥ śaśivarṇaḥ śivasya vai ||

> \[Khaṇḍa 3, Adhyāya 16, page 33\] In Tretā, the god is worshipped as Mayūreśa, six-armed, / mounted on a peacock, the son of Śiva, moon-coloured.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.16)

dvāpare mūṣakārūḍhaḥ pūjyate ca caturbhujaḥ |  
gajānano vareṇyasya raktavarṇaḥ sutaḥ smṛtaḥ ||

> In Dvāpara, he is mounted on a mouse, four-armed, worshipped / as Gajānana, remembered as the red-coloured son of Vareṇya.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.17)

kalāvaśvasthitaścaiva dhūmravarṇo dvibāhubhṛt |  
tārakaḥ sarvabhāvajño gaṇeśaḥ pūjyate janaiḥ ||

> In Kali, mounted on a horse, smoke-coloured, bearing two arms, / the saviour, knower of all states, Gaṇeśa is worshipped by people.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.18)

brahmākāramayaścaiva tena bhedo na vidyate |  
caturyugeṣu dharmeṣu siddhidātā viśeṣataḥ ||

> And he consists of the form of Brahman; therefore no difference is found. / Throughout the four ages and dharmas, he is especially the bestower of perfection.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.19)

kṛte narāṇāmāyuṣyaṃ lakṣavarṣāṇi sammatam |  
tretāyāṃ daśasāhasraṃ dvāpare tu sahasrakam ||

> The lifespan of humans in Kṛta is agreed to be one hundred thousand years; / in Tretā, ten thousand; but in Dvāpara, one thousand.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.20)

kalau tu śatavarṣāṇyante tannyūnaṃ bhaviṣyati |  
varṣāṇi pañcadaśa vai krameṇa paramaṃ matam ||

> In the Kali age, however, \[lifespan is\] a hundred years; at the end, it will become less than that. / Fifteen years is considered the maximum, in due course.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.21)

kṛte svadharmasanniṣṭhā janāḥ sarve hite ratāḥ |  
parasparaṃ bhāvayanto bhedahīnā viśeṣataḥ ||

> In the Kṛta age, people are firmly devoted to their own dharma, all intent on the good \[of others\], / cherishing one another, and especially free from division.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.22)

na mātsaryādi saṃyuktāḥ kalahādivivarjitāḥ |  
bālyād dharmadharā vipra sadānandayutāstathā ||

> They are not possessed of envy and the like, and are free from quarrel and such; / maintaining dharma from childhood, O brāhmaṇa, they are likewise ever full of joy.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.23)

viṣayātmasukhaṃ tucchaṃ manyante satataṃ narāḥ |  
sukhe santi sadā jñānayuktā dhyānaparāyaṇāḥ ||

> Men constantly regard bodily pleasures of the senses as trifling. / They are always in happiness, endowed with knowledge, devoted to meditation.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.24](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.24)

varṇāśramavibhāgasthāḥ svasvācārasamanvitāḥ |  
brahmaṇi śraddhayā yuktā yogābhyāsaparāyaṇāḥ ||

> Abiding in the divisions of class and stage of life, endowed with their respective practices, / endowed with faith in Brahman, they are intent on the practice of yoga.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.25](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.25)

ṛtugāmina evaṃ te nānādharmakarāḥ sadā |  
antarbāhyaikabhāvāśca bhavanti sukhabhoginaḥ ||

> Approaching \[their wives\] only in the fertile season, thus they constantly perform various duties. / Having unity in inner and outer disposition, they become enjoyers of happiness.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.26](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.26)

tretāyāṃ pādahīnena narā dharmeṇa saṃyutāḥ |  
tatrāntarbāhyabhāveṣu bhinnabhāvadharā matāḥ ||

> In the Tretā age, men are endowed with dharma lacking one quarter. / There, in their inner and outer dispositions, they are considered to possess divergent dispositions.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.27](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.27)

tathā svārthaṃ parārthaṃ te na samānā viśeṣataḥ |  
viṣayecchāyutā vipra kiñcit kiñcit krameṇa vai ||

> Likewise, their own interest and the interest of others are not equal, in particular. / Endowed with desire for sense objects, O brāhmaṇa, \[they decline\] little by little in due course.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.28](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.28)

tatra sandhyāṃśamārgaṃ tvaṃ śṛṇuṣvaitaṃ mahāmune |  
aṣṭau śatāni varṣāṇi kṛte sandhyāṃśa ucyate ||

> Listen now to that course of the transitional period (sandhyāṃśa), O great sage: / Eight hundred years are declared for the transitional period of the Kṛta age.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.29](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.29)

catuḥśatāni tatraiva kṛtānte varṣakāṇi ca |  
śatāni trīṇi tretāyā ardhāṃśena yutāni ca ||

> And four hundred years right there at the end of the Kṛta age; / and three hundred for the Tretā age, combined with half a part.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.30](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.30)

śatasaptakavarṣāṇi sandhyāṃśaḥ parikīrtitaḥ |  
dine dine krameṇaiva kṛtadharmo vinaśyati ||

> Seven hundred years are proclaimed as the transitional period. / Day by day, in due course indeed, the dharma of the Kṛta age perishes.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.31](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.31)

tretādharmo'dhikatvena tatra tiṣṭhati niścitam |  
śatasaptakavarṣeṣu gateṣu munisattama ||

> The dharma of the Tretā age certainly stands there in predominance, / when the seven hundred years have passed, O best of sages.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.32](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.32)

kevalaṃ prabhave tretāyugaṃ sarvasvabhāvataḥ |  
jñātavyamevaṃ sarvatra sandhyāṃśeṣu yugakramaiḥ ||

> The Tretā age prevails purely through its own inherent nature. / It should be understood thus everywhere in the transitional periods according to the succession of ages.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.33](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.33)

dvāpare dvipado dharmastatra svārthaparāyaṇāḥ |  
kalahādisamāyuktā bhavanti kila mānavāḥ ||

> In the Dvāpara age, dharma has two feet; there, human beings / are intent on their own self-interest and are indeed joined with quarrel and the like.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.34](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.34)

bāhyabhāveṣu sādhūnāṃ dharmāṇāṃ sevakā matāḥ |  
lajjāyuktatayā vipra antare viṣayapriyāḥ ||

> In outward dispositions, they are considered servants of the dharmas of the virtuous; / but out of shame, O brāhmaṇa, internally they are fond of sense objects.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.35](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.35)

pareṣāṃ lajjayā dharmaṃ caranti dvāpare narāḥ |  
viṣayecchāyutāḥ sarve svagṛhe dharmalopakāḥ ||

> Out of shame before others, men practice dharma in the Dvāpara age; / endowed with desire for sense objects, all are destroyers of dharma in their own homes.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.36](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.36)

etādṛśāste bhavanti dvāpare malasaṃyutāḥ |  
narāḥ sarvatra bhāveṣu jānīhi munisattama ||

> Such do they become in the Dvāpara age, tainted with impurity, / men in all dispositions; know this, O best of sages.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.36.c1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.36.c1)

oṃ tatsaditi śrīmadāntye purāṇopaniṣadi śrīmanmaudgale mahāpurāṇe tṛtīye khaṇḍe mahodaracarite yugadharmavarṇanaṃ nāma ṣoḍaśo'dhyāyaḥ ||

> Om tat sat. Thus ends the sixteenth chapter, named 'Description of the Dharmas of the Ages', in the Mahodara account, in the third section of the glorious Maudgala Mahāpurāṇa, a Purāṇic Upaniṣad.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [3.16.36.p2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16.36.p2)

khaṃ. 3 a. 17 pāna 34)

> Section 3, Chapter 17, Page 34  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

## Translations (1)

- [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala~en-mt.3.16.p1) — English, machine translation

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Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.surya.mudgala.3.16) · Pramāṇa