Brihadaranyaka 23

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 23

Language: Sanskrit

23.20 — 6 parts
23.25 — 1 part

23.2

asya vākyasya parairapyevameva vyākhyātatvāccānna vākye prapañcamithyātvapratipādanapratyāśā kāryā | vijñānamātrāstitvanirāsibhiḥ, “ nābhāva upalabdheḥ ” , “ vaidhamryācca na svapnādivat ” , “ na bhāvo'nupalabdheḥ ” iti sūtraiḥ, sarvaśūnyatvanirāsinā, “ sarvathā'nupapatteśca ” ti sūtreṇa ca prapañcamithyātvavādasya nirastatvācca
tatra hi — vijñānameva tattvam ; nānyat paramāṇusamudāyarūpaṃ tadāra’bdhāvayavirūpaṃ vā kiñcidasti ; paramāṇūnāmaprāmāṇikatvāt | teṣāṃ kṣaṇikānāṃ samudāyabhāvāsaṃbhavāt | niravayaveṣu paramāṇuṣu saṃyogasya vyāpyavṛttitvāvyāpyavṛttitvavikalpaduḥsthatvena avayaveṣvavayavinaḥ kṛtsnaikadeśavikalpaduḥsthatvena ca parasparasaṃyuktāvayavatadāśritāvayavyasaṃbhavācca

23.20.1

bāhyārthānāmāntaravijñānasaṃbandhānirūpaṇena tadviṣayatvāsaṃbhavācca ; saṃbandhaṃ vinā viṣayatve sarvaviṣayāṇāmekasminneva vijñāne'vabhāsaprasaṅgāt | na ca bāhyārthābhāve nīlapītādijñānānāṃ nirālambanatvāpātaḥ ; jñānānāmeva nīlapītādyākāratvāt | nīlādikaṃ jñānābhinnaṃ jñānopalambhavyāpyopalambhaviviṣayatvāt jñānavat | vyāpyatvasyābhede'pi saṃbhavena na dṛṣṭāntāsiddhiḥ | na ca
nīlatajjñānayorabhede, ahamidaṃ jānāmīti kriyākarmakartṛbhāvena3 bhedāvabhāsavirodha iti vācyam— tasya dvicandrajñānavat bhrāntatvāt | tathā''huḥ —
4 ‘ sahopalambhaniyamādabhedo nīlataddhiyoḥ
bhedastu bhrāntivijñānairdṛśyetendrāvivādvaye || ’
‘ avibhāgo'pi buddhyātmā viparyāsitadarśanaiḥ
grāhyagrāhakasaṃvittibhedavāniva lakṣyate || ’
iti | nanu sarvasyāpyāntaratve bāhyatvāvabhāsaḥ kathamiti cet — na - upari sthitānāṃ
nakṣatrādīnāmudyatāṃ bhūmiṣṭhatvāvabhāsavat bāhyatvāvabhāsasyāpi bhraṃmatvāt | apica
stambhajñānaṃ kuḍadyajñānamityevaṃrūpajñānapakṣapātasya jñānagataṃ viśeṣamantareṇānupapatteḥ
avaśyaṃ viṣayasārūpyaṃ jñānasyābhyupagantavyam | tanaścāṅgīkṛte jñānagatākāre ākāra" nābhāva upalabdheḥ"
"vaidharmyācca na svapnādivat"
vaidharmyam ? bādhābādhau | bādhyate hi svapnopalabdhaṃ vastu prabuddhasya — ‘mithyaiva mayopalabdho mahājanasamāgamaḥ | na hyasti mahājanasamāgamaḥ | nidrādū(glā)naṃ tu me mano
babhūva | tenaiṣā bhrāntirudbabhūve’ ti | evaṃ māyādiṣvapi sarvāṃta yathāyathaṃ bādhaḥ .
naivaṃ jāgaritopalabdhaṃ stambhādi kasyāñcidapyavasthāyāṃ bādhyate | tatraivaṃ sati na śakyate

23.20.2

vaktum, ‘mithyā jāgaritopalabdhiḥ, upalabdhitvāt svapnopalabdhivat’ iti, ubhayorantaraṃ svayamanubhavatā | na ca svānubhavāpalāpaḥ prājñamānibhiryuktaḥ kartum | tasmāta
vijñānavyatirikto bāhyārtho'bādhito 'bhyupagantavya ¹ iti
evameva sūtraṃ vyākurvatāṃ pareṣāṃ prapañcamithyātvavādaḥ kathaṃ saṃgacchate | virodhāt | nanu na virodhaḥ | jñānārthayorabhedo yogācārābhimataḥ | vayaṃ tu bhedamaṅgīkṛtyārthamithyātvaṃ brūma iti cenna — arthamithyātvasyaiva yogācārābhimatatvāt
anyathā jñānamithyātvārthasatyatvayoranyataraprasaṅgāt | nanu arthatucchatvaṃ tadabhimatam ;
vayaṃ tu tannirāsenānirvvācyatvaṃ brūma iti cet — tucchatvamiti kimapratītatvaṃ vivakṣitam ; uta pratītatve'pi bādhārhatvam ? na tāvadapratītatvaṃ yogācārābhimatam ;
sahopalaṃbhaniyamasya tairupyamānatvāt | dvitīye tu śabdavaiṣamyameva teṣāṃ yuṣmākañca
pratītatve sati bādhārhatvasyobhayābhimatatvāt | astu vā kiñcidvaiṣamyaṃ bhavatāṃ grantheṣvanyagranthāt, tadānīmapi sūtraṃ viruddham ; kāraṇadoṣabādhakapratyayayoranirvvācyapakṣe'pyupādhitvopapatteraviśiṣṭatvāt | na hi anirvvācyapakṣāsparśī kaścidupādhiḥ
sūtritaḥ, vyākhyātaśca | ata etatsūtre svavyākhyānavirodho'pi pareṣāṃ dustaraḥ
atha — ‘etat svapnasya kāraṇadoṣabādhakapratyayābhyāṃ vaidharmyamanvāruhyoktam
na ca svapnajñānāṃnāṃ nirviṣayatvam ; pratyayasāmānyasya nirviṣayatvāsaṃbhavāt | ato
jñānatvaheturviruddhaśca’ ityāhācāryaḥ — “na bhāvo'nupalabdheḥ ”| kevalasyārthaśūnyasya

23.20.3

jñānasya na bhāvaḥ saṃbhavati | kutaḥ ? kvacidapyanupalabdheḥ | na hyakartṛkasyākarmakasya vā jñānasya kvacidapyupalabdhiḥ | svapnajñānādiṣvapīśvarasṛṣṭapadārthānāṃ sattvāt
nārthaśūnyatvamiti khyātinirūpaṇabhāṣye pratipāditam | kiñca sarveṣāṃ jñānānāmarthaśūnyatve, bhavadbhiḥ sādhyo'pyartho na siddhyati ; nirālambanānumānajñānasyāpyarthaśūnyatvāt | tasyārthavattve jñānatvasya tatrānaikāntikatvāt sutarāmarthaśūnyatvāsiddhireveti
sthitam
evamasminnadhikaraṇe jñānātiriktaviṣayāsattvanirāsena viṣayāśrayaśūnyajñānanirāsena ca prapañcamithyātvaṃ nirastam | atha sarvaśūnyavādanirosenāpi prapañcamithyātvaṃ nirasyatyācāryaḥ -
atra sarvaśūnyavādī mādhyamikaḥ pratyavatiṣṭhate - śūnyaṃvāda eva hi sugatamatakāṣṭhā | śiṣyabuddhiyogyatānuguṇyenārthāmyupagamādinā kṣaṇikatvādaya uktāḥ
'vijñānaṃ bāhyārthāśca na santi | śūnyameva tattvam | abhāvāpattireva ca mokṣaḥ '
ityeva buddhasyābhiprāyaḥ | tadeva hi yuktam | śūnyasya ahetusādhyatayā svatassiddheḥ | sata eva hi heturanveṣaṇīyaḥ | tacca sat bhāvādabhāvācca notpadyate | tatra
bhāvāt tāvat na kasyacidapyutpattirdṛṣṭā | na hi ghaṭādiranupamṛdite piṇḍādike
jāyate | nāpyabhāvādutpattiḥ saṃbhavati | naṣṭe piṇḍādike hyabhāvādutpadyamānaṃ ghaṭādikamabhāvātmakameva syāt | tathā svataḥ parataścotpattirna saṃbhavati | svataḥ svotpattāvātmāśrayadoṣaprasaṅgāt | prayojanābhāvācca | parataḥ parotpattau paratvāviśeṣāt sarveṣāṃ
sarvebhya utpattiprasaṅgaḥ | janmabhāvādeva vināśasyāpyabhāvaḥ | ataḥ śūnyameva tattvam

23.20.4

ato janmavināśasadasadādayo bhrāntimātram | na ca niradhiṣṭhānabhramāsaṃbhavāt bhramādhiṣṭhānaṃ kiñcit pāramārthikaṃ tattvamāśrayitavyam - doṣadoṣāśrayatvajñātṛtvādyapāramārthye'pi bhramopapattivat adhiṣṭhānāpāramārthye'pi bhramopapatteḥ | ataḥ śūnyameva
tattvam -
iti prāpte ucyate - " sarvathā'nupapatteśca" | sarvathā'nupapatteḥ sarvanśūnyatvañca
bhavadabhipretaṃ na saṃbhavati | kiṃ bhavān, sarvaṃ saditi pratijānīte, asaditi vā,
anyathā vā ? sarvathā'pi tavābhipretaṃ tucchatvaṃ na saṃbhavati | loke bhāvābhāvaśabdayoḥ
tatpratītyośca vidyamānasyaiva vastuno'vasthāviśeṣagocaratvasya lāghavan‍yāyasiddhatvāt
ataḥ, ' sarvaṃ śūnya ' miti pratijānatā, sarva saditi pratijānateva, sarvasya vidyamānasyāvasthāviśeṣayogitaiva pratijñātā bhavatīti bhavadabhimatā tucchatā na kutaścinaṅgīkārāt | taiḥ paramārthatayā'ṅgīkṛtasya tu kasyacicchuddhasya jagadadhyāsānadhiṣṭhānatvāt | sarvapramāṇāviṣayasya tasya śaśaviṣāṇādisamānayogakṣematvācca | nanu na tasya
śaśaviṣāṇasamānayogakṣematvam; 'dve vāva brahmaṇo rūpe mūrtañcāmūrtañca' tyārabhyopanyastasya mūrtāmūrtādirūpasya, sarvasya ca, 'neti netī' ti niṣedhena sarvaniṣedhādhikaraṇatvena śrutyaiva pariśeṣitatvāditi cenna - tasyāḥ śruteḥ, "prakṛtaitāvattvaṃ hi
pratiṣedhati tato bravīti ca bhūyaḥ" iti sūtroktanyāyena brahmaṇaḥ paricchedaniṣedhārthakatvasya prāgevopapāditatvāt | pramāṇāntarāprāptasya brahmarūpatayā svenaivoktasya sarvasya

23.20.5

sva(1)śrutyā svayameva niṣedhāyogācca | na ca nirviśeṣasya mithyātve niradhikaraṇaniṣedhāyogaḥ, mithyābhūtasyaiva tasya niṣedhādhikaraṇatvasya śaśaviṣāṇāderiva paramate
sūpapādatvāt | asato'pi hi vyatirekodāharaṇatvaṃ teṣāmiṣṭam
na ca nirviśeṣasya mithyātvāpādakaniṣedhaśāstramṛgyato | 'sarvaṃ śūnyaṃ' miti
buddhāgamavacanasyaiva nirviśeṣaniṣedhakasya sulabhatvāt | na ca buddhāgamasyāprāmāṇyaṃ śaṅkyaṃ
sarvamithyātvavādinā ; āvidhikānāṃ vedānāñcāprāmāṇyasyaiva tadiṣṭatvena tanmate
pramāṇabhūtavacanasyaiva mṛgyatvāt | yadvā, 'dve vāva brahmaṇo rūpe' iti prakṛtabrahmarūpaniṣedhakattayā tadabhimataṃ 'neti neti' ityādivacanameva prakṛtatvāviśeṣāt brahmāpi
niṣedhatu ; 'neha nāne' tyādi vā
na ca tanniṣedhādhikaraṇadaurghaṭyam | mādhyamikābhimatasya śūnyatattvasyaiva tadadhyāsādhiṣṭhānatvaniṣedhādhikaraṇatvayoḥ saṃbhavāt | tasmāt mānāntarāprāptajagatkāraṇatvādibrahmadharmapratiṣedhe brahma kuto na pratiṣidhyeta | brahmavyatiriktasya sarvasya svarūpato niṣedhe akhaṇḍārthavedāntavākyagatayogyatayā apyasattvena tatsamasattākasya
vākyā (vākyasyā) rthabhūtabrahmaṇo'pyasattvāpātāt
prapañcasya śaśaśṛṅgādivannissvarūpatvāpātācca | na ca - na svarūpeṇa niṣedhaṃ
brūmaḥ; kintu pāramārthikatvākāreṇeti vācyam - svarūpasyāniṣedhe abādhyatvalakṣaṇapāramārthikatvasyāpi sattvena tasyāpi niṣedhānarhatvāt | nanu sattvaniṣedha eva svarūpaniṣedhaḥ | ataḥ 'neha nānāstī' ti sattvaniṣedhāt svarūpamapi niṣiddhameva | na
ca tasya nissvarūpatve śūnyavādāviśeṣa iti vācyam - brahmavyatiriktaviṣaye

23.20.6

ekadhaivānudraṣṭavyametadaprameyaṃ dhruvam
virajaḥ para ākāśādaja ātmā mahān dhruvaḥ

23.21

tameva dhīro vijñāya prajñāṃ kurvīta brāhmaṇaḥ
nānudhyāyā 1 dvahūñchabdān vāco viglāpanam̐ hi tat || iti

23.22

sa vā eṣa mahānaja ātmā, yo'yaṃ vijñānamayaḥ prāṇeṣu ya eṣo'ntarhṛdaya ākāśastasmiñchete,
sarvasya vaśī sarvasyeśānaḥ sarvasyādhipatiḥ ;
sa na sādhunā karmaṇā bhūyān ; no evāsādhunā kanīyān; eṣa sarveśvara
eṣa bhūtādhipatireṣa bhūtapāla eṣa seturvidharaṇa eṣāṃ lokānāmasaṃbhedāya
'vastuto nirguṇasya brahmaṇaḥ saguṇatvenopāsanamātreṇa nikarṣo nāsti; brahmaṇo vastuto
nirguṇatvā' diti paraireva saguṇatve apakarṣamaṅgīkṛtya tasyāvāstavatvena parihārasya kṛtatvāt | kiñca loke hi stutirvidheye rucyutpādanena saprayojanā | na cātra nirguṇasya
tajjñānasya vā vidheyatvamasti | pratipādye ca nirguṇe brahmaṇi saṃguṇatvapratipādanalakṣaṇā stutiśca nirguṇapratipattilakṣaṇaśeṣiviruddhā | ataḥ "kāmādītaratre"
tyadhikaraṇe pareṣāṃ vidyaikyaguṇopasaṃhārābhilapanaṃ durupapādamiti yatkiñcidetadityastāṃ
tāvat
yaccedamapyucyate, nirguṇavākyasaṃnidhipaṭhitasya, 'sarvasya vaśī' tyādiguṇagaṇasamarpakavākyasya niṣedhyānuvādakatayaikavākyatvasaṃbhave vākyabhedena guṇaprāpakatā na
yukteti, - tanna¹ - vaśītvādīnāṃ guṇānāmanyato'prāpteḥ | śrutiprāptasya śrutyā
niṣedhe, ahiṃsāvākyamagnīṣomīyahiṃsāyāḥ, agrahaṇavākyañca ṣoḍaśigrahaṇasya, 'asadvā'
tyādivākyañca brahmasattvasya niṣedhakaṃ kiṃ na syāt | kiñca, ² 'mṛḍamṛde' tyādividhiḥ,
'naktvā seṭ' ityādiniṣedhasyeva saguṇavākyameva nirguṇatvaniṣedhakaṃ kiṃ na syāt
na ca jagatkartṛtvakṣitisārvajñyādiguṇāḥ niṣedhāyānūdyanta iti vaktuṃ śakyam -
tathāsati jagadāropādhiṣṭhānatvena kusamayasiddhaṃ brahmasattvam, 'asadvā idamagra
āsī' diti niṣeddhum, 'satyaṃ jñānamananta' mityanūdyate, jñānanivartyatvaśrutyākṣiptaṃ viśvamithyātvam, 'neha nānāstī' tyanūdyate - 'viśvaṃ satyaṃ madhavānā'
iti vākyena pratiṣeddhumiti kiṃ na syāt | satyatvaṃ hi mithyātvapratiṣedha eva
'ātmaivedaṃ sarva' miti vākyaprāpto jīvabrahmābhedaḥ, 'tattvamasī' tyanūdyate, 'dvā
suparṇe' ti niṣeddhumiti ca kiṃ na syāt
'neha nānāsti kiñcane' ti vākye kiñcanetyanenaiva niṣedhyasamarpaṇasya siddhatayā niṣedhyasamarpaṇāya, 'eṣa sarveśvaraḥ' ityādīnāmanapekṣitatvācca | na hi, 'na surāṃ
pibe' dityatra niṣedhyasamarpaṇāya, 'surāṃ pibe' diti vākyāntaramapekṣitam | vaśitvādīnāṃ niṣedhārthamanuvāde, 'sa na sādhunā karmaṇā bhūyān' iti niṣedhyānāṃ karmakṛtotkarṣādīnāmiva brahmaṇi teṣāṃ vyāvahārikasatyatvasyāpyabhāvaprasaṅgāt
tametaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasā'nāśakena
tametaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasā'nāśakena
etameva viditvā munirbhavati | etameva pravājino lokamitchantaḥ pravrajanti
etaddha sma vai tat pūrve vidvāṃsaḥ prajāṃ na kāmayante, kiṃ prajayā kariṣyāmo
yeṣāṃ no'yamātmā'yaṃ loka iti | te ha sma putraiṣaṇāyāśca vittaiṣaṇāyāśca
lokaiṣaṇāyāśca vyutthāyātha bhikṣācaryaṃ caranti | yā hyeva putraiṣaṇā sā
vittaiṣaṇā yā vittaiṣaṇā sā lokaiṣaṇā ubhe hyete eṣaṇe eva bhavataḥ
sa eṣa neti netyātmā agṛhyo na hi gṛhyate, aśīryo na hi śīryate,
asaṅgo na hi sajyate, asito na vyathate na riṣyati
etamu haivainai na tarata ityataḥ pāpamakaravamityataḥ kalyāṇamakaravamityubhe hahai
(uhai¹) vaiṣa ete tarati nainaṃ kṛtākṛte tapataḥ

23.23

tadetadṛcā'bhyuktam
eṣa nityo mahimā brāhmaṇasya na vardhate karmaṇā no kanīyān
tasyaiva syāt padavit taṃ viditvā na lipyate karmaṇā pāpakena
iti | tasmādevaṃvicchānto dānta uparatastitikṣuḥ samāhito bhūtvā''tmanyevātmānaṃ paśyati (paśyet), sarvamātmānaṃ paśyati
nainaṃ pāpmā tarati, sarvaṃ pāpmānaṃ tarati, nainaṃ pāpmā tapati, sarvaṃ pāpmānaṃ
tapati, vipāpo virajo'vicikitso brāhmaṇo bhavati | eṣa brahmalokaḥ
'samrāḍiti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ
so'haṃ bhagavate videhān dadāmi, māṃ cāpi saha dāsyāyeti

Commentaries (1)

Anubhūtiprakāśa — Mādhava, Sanskrit