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Brihadaranyaka 8

Bṛhadāraṇyaka 8

Language
Sanskrit

Contents

8.1

pmāḥ satyakāmaḥ satyasaṃkalpa' iti śrutyā sarvatra hi vidyamānaṃ paraṃ brahma heyapratyanīkatvakalyāṇaikatānatvarūpobhayaliṅgayuktameva bhavati | ato na bhoktṛtvaprasaṅgaḥ
“ bhedāditi cenna pratyekamattadvacanāt” | yathā jīvasyāpahatapāpmatvādiguṇāṣṭakayuktasyāpi manuṣyādi dehayogarūpāvasthābhedādbhoktṛtvam, evaṃ paramātmano'pi 1 kiṃ na
syāditi cenna -- antaryāmibrāhmaṇe, ‘sa ta ātmā'ntaryāmyamṛtaḥ' iti 2 pratiparyāyamatadvacanāt = antaryāmiṇo nirdoṣatvavacanāt | jīvasya tu parābhidhyānāt
svarūpaṃ tirohitamiti bhāvaḥ | antaryāmiṇaḥ parasya brahmaṇo nityāvirbhūtaguṇāṣṭakatvalakṣaṇaṃ pṛthaktvaṃ 3 śrūyate | ato na jīvasāmyam | “ api caiva meke” | api
ca eke śākhinaḥ, ‘tayoranyaḥ pippalaṃ svādvattyanaśnannanyo abhicākaśītī' ti
jīvaparayorbhoktṛtvābhoktṛtvalakṣaṇaṃ vaiṣamyamadhīyate | “ arūpavadeva hi tatpradhānatvāt”
sarvaśarīryapi brahma arūpavadeva = aśarīritulyameva | ‘ākāśo havai nāmarūpayornirvahitā te yadantare' ti nāmarūpakāryaspṛṣṭatve sati nāmarūpanirvoḍhṛtvasya pratipādanena manuṣyādināmarūpasaṃbandhakṛtakāryasya tatrāprasakteḥ | ataḥ sarvatra vidyamānamapi brahma ubhayaliṅgameva
“ata eva copamā sūryakādivat”
“vṛddhihāsabhāktvamantarbhāvādubhayasāmañjasyādevaṃ darśanācca”
“prakṛtaitāvattvaṃ hi pratiṣedhati tato bravīti ca bhūyaḥ”
rūpaṃ niṣedhati | na hi śrutiḥ svayameva mānāntarāprāptaṃ mūrtāmūrtātmakaprapañcarūpatvaṃ
brahmaṇaḥ pratipādya svayameva niṣedhatīti yujyate vaktum | 'prakṣāḷanāddhi paṅkasya dūrādasparśanaṃ vara' miti nyāyāt | ata eva niṣedhānantaramapi brahmaṇo bhūyo guṇajātaṃ
bravīti śrutiḥ | 'na hyetasmāditi netyanyatparamastī' ti svarūpato guṇataśca sarvotkṛṣṭatvaṃ pratipādyate | 'atha nāmadheyaṃ satyasya satya' miti nāmadheyarūpaguṇavattā ca
pratipādyate | ataḥ 'neti netī' ti prakṛtaitāvattvamātrasya niṣedhaḥ
"tadvyaktamāha hi"| tat = brahma avyaktam = mānāntarāgamyamiti
śrutirāha | 'na cakṣuṣā gṛhyate nāpi vāce' ti | tataśca mānāntarāgamyasya śrutyekasamadhigamyasya brahmasvarūpasya vā, mūrtāmūrtātmakaprapañcaśarīrakatvasya vā na niṣedho
yuktaḥ
"api saṃrādhane pratyakṣānumānābhyām"| saṃrādhanaṃ = samyakprīṇanam
bhaktirūpāpannanididhyāsanam | tasmin satyeva sākṣātkāraḥ; nānyatheti,
'tatastu taṃ paśyate niṣkaḷaṃ dhyāyamānaḥ|'
'nāhaṃ vedairna tapasā na dānena na cejyayā|'
'bhaktyā tvananyayā śakya ahamevaṃvidhorjuna||'
iti śrutismṛtibhyāmavagamyate | "prakāśādivaccāvaiśeṣyaṃ prakāśaśca karmaṇyabhyāsāt"
nididhyāsanajanyasākṣātkāradaśāyāñca brahmasvarūpabhūtānandajñānāditulyatayā, 'ahaṃ
manurabhavaṃ sūryaśce' ti brahmaśarīrabhūtamanusūryādiprapañcasyāpi tattvavidbhirvāmadevādibhiḥ
sākṣātkriyamāṇatvāt brahmasvarūpavat taccharīrabhūtamūrtāmūrtātmakaprapañcasyāpi abādhitatvaṃ siddham | brahmasvarūpaprakāśaśca kathaṃ ¹bhavatītyākāṃkṣāyāmāha — prakāśaśca
karmaṇyabhyāsāditi | saṃrādhanātmake dhyānarūpe karmaṇyabhyāsāt prakāśo bhavati
'dhyānanirmathanābhyāsāddevaṃ paśyennigūḍhava' diti śrutyukteriti bhāvaḥ
maitreyīti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ, ‘udyāsyan vā are'hamasmāt
sthānādasmi ; hanta te'nayā kātyāyanyā'ntaṃ karavāṇīti

8.2

sā hovāca maitreyī, ‘yannu . ma iyaṃ bhagoḥ sarvā pṛthivī vittena pūrṇā
syāt, kathaṃ tenāmṛtā syāmiti | neti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ; yathaivopakaraṇavatāṃ
jīvitam, tathaiva te jīvitam̐ syāt; amṛtatvasya tu nāśā'sti vitteneti

8.3

sā hovāca maitreyī, yenāhaṃ nāmṛtā syām, kimahaṃ tena kuryām
yadeva bhagavān veda, tadeva me brūhīti

8.4

sa hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ, priyā batāre naḥ satī priyaṃ bhāṣase
ehyāsva | vyākhyāsyāmi te; vyācakṣāṇasya tu me nididhyāsasveti
bravītu me bhagavāniti

8.6

sa hovāca-na vā are patyuḥ kāmāya patiḥ priyo bhavati | ātmanastu
kāmāya patiḥ priyo bhavati | na vā are jāyāyai kāmāya jāyā priyā
bhavati
pyācca | tataśca paramātmā - - yo yasya priyaḥ - - bhavatviti tattatkarmānuguṇaṃ saṃkalpayati | sa tasya priyo bhavatīti vākyārthaḥ | atrāpi kāmāyetyatrāpi (?) pūrvavaccaturthī
ātmā vā are draṣṭavya ityasya pūrvavākyaiḥ samanvaya iti
ātmanastu kāmāya jāyā priyā bhavati | na vā are putrāṇāṃ
kāmāya putrāḥ priyā bhavanti | ātmanastu kāmāya putrāḥ priyā bhavanti
na vā are vittasya kāmāya vittaṃ priyaṃ bhavati | ātmanastu kāmāya vittaṃ
priyaṃ bhavati | na vā are brahmaṇaḥ kāmāya brahma priyaṃ bhavati | ātmanastu
kāmāya brahma priyaṃ bhavati | na vā are kṣatrasya kāmāya kṣatraṃ priyaṃ bhavati
ātmanastu kāmāya kṣatraṃ priyaṃ bhavati | na vā are lokānāṃ kāmāya
lokāḥ priyā bhavanti | ātmanastu kāmāya lokāḥ priyā bhavanti | na vā
are devānāṃ kāmāya devāḥ priyā bhavanti | ātmanastu kāmāya
devāḥ priyā bhavanti | na vā are bhūtānāṃ kāmāya bhūtāni priyāṇi
bhavanti | ātmanastu kāmāya bhūtāni priyāṇi bhavanti | na vā are
sarvasya kāmāya sarvaṃ priyaṃ bhavati | ātmanastu kāmāya sarvaṃ priyaṃ bhavati
ātmā vā are draṣṭavyaśśrotavyo mantavyo nididhyāsitavyaḥ
maitreyyātmano vā are darśanena śravaṇena matyā vijñānenedaṃ sarvaṃ viditaṃ
^1 bhavati
brahma taṃ parādādyo'nyatrātmano brahma veda| kṣatraṃ taṃ parādādyo'nyatrātmanaḥ kṣatraṃ veda | lokāstaṃ parāduryo'nyatrātmano lokān veda | devāstaṃ
parāduryo'nyatrātmano devān veda | bhūtāni taṃ parāduryo'nyatrātmano bhūtāni
veda | sarvaṃ taṃ parādādyo'nyatrātmanassarvaṃ veda —
idaṃ brahmedaṃ kṣatramime lokā ime devā imāni bhūtāni idam̐ sarvaṃ
yadadyamātmā

8.7

sa yathā dundubherhanyamānasya na bāhyāñchabdāñchaknuyād grahaṇāya;
dundubhestu grahaṇena dundubhyāghātasya vā śabdo gṛhītaḥ

8.8

sa yathā śaṅkhasya dhmāyamānasya na bāhyāñchabdāñchaknuyād grahaṇāya ;
śaṅkhasya tu grahaṇena śaṅkhadhmānasya vā śabdo gṛhītaḥ

8.9

sa yathā vīṇāyai vādyamānāyai na bāhyāñchabdāñchaknuyād grahaṇāya ;
vīṇāyai tu grahaṇena vīṇāvādasya vā śabdo gṛhītaḥ

8.10

sa yathā''rdrendhāgnerabhyāhitāt pṛthag dhūmā viniścarantyevaṃ vā
are'sya mahato bhūtasya niśśvasitametadyadṛgvedo yajurvedaḥ sāmavedo'tharvāṅgirasa itihāsaḥ purāṇaṃ vidyā upaniṣadaḥ ślokāḥ sūtrāṇyanuvyākhyānāni vyākhyānānyasyaivaitāni ^1 sarvāṇi niśśvasitāni

8.11

sa yathā sarvāsāmapām̐ samudra ekāyanam-evam̐ sarveṣām̐ sparśānāṃ tvagekāyanamevam̐ sarveṣām̐ rasānāṃ jihvaikāyanamevam̐ sarveṣām̐ gandhānāṃ nāsikaikāyanamevam̐
sarveṣām̐ rūpāṇāṃ cakṣurekāyanamevam̐ sarveṣām̐ śabdānām̐ śrotramekāyanamevam̐ sarveṣām̐
saṅkalpānāṃ mana ekāyanamevam̐ sarvāsāṃ vidyānām̐ hṛdayamekāyanamevam̐ sarveṣāṃ
karmaṇām̐ hastāvekāyanamevam̐ sarveṣāmānandānāmupastha ekāyanamevam̐ sarveṣāṃ visargāṇāṃ pāyurekāyanamevam̐ sarveṣāmadhvanāṃ pādāvekāyanamevam̐ sarveṣāṃ vedānāṃ
vāgekāyanam

8.12

sa yathā saindhavakhilya udake prāsta udakamevānuvilīyeta ; na hāsyodgrahaṇāyaiva syāt ; yato yatastvādadīta lavaṇameva-evaṃ vā idaṃ mahadbhūtamanantamapāraṃ vijñānaghana evaitebhyo bhūtebhyaḥ samutthāya tānyevānuvinaśyati;
na pretya saṃjñā'stītyare bravīmīti hovāca yājñavalkyaḥ

8.13

sā hovāca maitreyyatraiva mā bhagavānamūmuhat , ' na pretya
saṃjñā'stī' ti
sā hovāca maitreyyatraiva mā bhagavānamūmuhat , na pretya saṃjñāstīti
sa hovāca yājñavalkyo na vā are'haṃ mohaṃ bravīmyalaṃ vā ara
idaṃ vijñānāya

8.14

yatna hi dvaitamiva bhavati, taditara itaraṃ jighrati, taditara itaraṃ
paśyati, taditara itaram̐ śṛṇoti, taditara itaramabhivadati, taditara
itaraṃ manute, taditara itaraṃ vijānāti| yatra vā asya sarvamātmaivābhūt, tat kena kaṃ jighret, tatkena kaṃ paśyet, tatkena
kaṃ śṛṇuyāt, tat kena kamabhivadet, tatkena kaṃ manvīta, tatkena kaṃ
vijānīyāt
yenedam̐ sarvaṃ vijānāti, taṃ kena vijānīyāt | vijñātāramare
kena vijānīyāditi

8.14-2.1

tatra hi, ‘atha ha yājñavalkyasya dve bhārye babhūvatu’ rityādyākhyānānām
‘sarvāṇyākhyānāni pāriplave śaṃsanti’ ityaśvamedhagatapāriplavanāmakaśastre viniyuktatvāt pāriplavārthāni ākhyānāni; na tu vidyopayogīnīti “pāriplavārthā iti
ce” diti sūtrakhaṇḍena pūrvapakṣaṃ kṛtvā, “na viśeṣitatvā” dityādinā siddhāntitam | ayamarthaḥ - na sarvākhyānāni pāriplavārthāni bhavitumarhanti | ‘sarvāṇyākhyānāni śaṃsantī’ ti vidhāya ‘manurvaivasvato rāje’ tyādinā keṣāñcidākhyānānāmeva viśeṣitatvāt | vākyaśeṣapaṭhitānāmevākhyānānāṃ ¹pāriplave viniyogaḥ; na
sarveṣām | ataḥ ¹vidyāsannidhipaṭhitānāṃ yājñavalkyākhyānānāṃ tattadvākyagataparamātmaviṣayaktatvādiviśeṣapratipādanopayogitvameva | “tathā caikavākyopabandhāt” | yathā,
‘tejo vai ghṛtam’, ‘so'rodī’ dityevamādīnām, ‘aktāḥ śarkarā upadadhāti’,
‘tasmādbarhiṣi rajataṃ na deya’ mityādividhiniṣedhaikavākyatayā vidhiniṣedhaviṣayastutinindārthopayogitvam-tathaiva, ‘ātmā vā are draṣṭavya’ ityādividhinā ākhyānānāmekavākyatvopabandhāt vidheyavidyāviśeṣopayogitvamavaśyābhyupagantavyamiti siddhāntitam | tataścopakramagatāryāyikāvaśāt paramātmaviṣayatvameva prakaraṇasya | tathā,
‘asya mahato bhūtasya niśvasitametat’, ‘ātmano vā are darśanena śravaṇene’
tyādinā pratīyamānaṃ sarvopādānatvam, ‘brahma taṃ parādā’ dityādinā pratīyamānaṃ sārvatmyañca na paramātmano'nyatra saṃbhavati | yaduktam - patijāyāputrādisaṃbandhitvakīrtanaṃ jīvaliṅgamiti - tanna; tasya vākyasya paramātmānuguṇatayā'rthavarṇanopapatteḥ | tadvarṇanaprakāraśca pūrvameva pradarśitaḥ

8.14-2.2

nanvevam, ‘vijñānaghana evaitebhyo bhūtebhyassamutthāye’ ti jīvavācivijñānadhanaśabdena kathaṃ paramātmano'bhidhānam ? utpādavināśādijīvaliṅgānāñca kathaṃ paramātmani samanvaya iti cet - tatrāha -
‘‘pratijñāsiddherliṅgamaśmarathyaḥ’’ | ekavijñānena sarvavijñānapratijñā''kṣiptopādānopādeyabhāvalabdhābhedasūcakaṃ jīvadharmāṇaṃ tatra kīrtanamityāśmarathya ācāryo
manyate | ‘‘utkramiṣyata evambhāvādityauḍulomiḥ’’
āmukterbheda eva syājjīvasya ca parasya ca
muktasya tu na bhedo'sti bhedahetorabhāvataḥ ’
ityuktarītyā muktidaśāyāṃ bhāvyabhedamāśritya paramātmani jīvadharmābhidhānamupapadyata
ityauḍulomirācāryoṃ manyate | ‘‘avasthiteriti kāśakṛtsnaḥ’’ | jīve paramātmano'ntaryāmitayā avasthiterākṛtyadhikaraṇanyāyena śarīrabhūtajīvavāciśabdaiḥ śarīriṇaḥ paramātmano'bhidhānasaṃbhavāt śarīrabhūtajīvadharmāṇāṃ śarīriṇi paramātmanyupapatteśca
jīvaśrutiliṅgānāṃ paramātmani nānupapattiriti sthitam
atra tu kāśakṛtsnamatamevācāryasya matam | tadupari pakṣāntarānupanyāsāt ,
āśmarathyauḍulomimatayorduṣṭatvācca | upādānopādeyayorbhedābhedavādyāśmarathyamataṃ jainamatapratikṣepādeva pratikṣiptam | tarkapāde jainānāṃ mataṃ hi pratikṣiptamācāryeṇa | ‘‘ye 1
caivaṃ manyante -
(2) jīvājīvāsravasaṃvaranirjarabandhamokṣā nāma sapta padārthāḥ | bodhātmako jīvaḥ
indriyapravṛttirāsravaḥ | śamadamādirūpā pravṛttiḥ saṃvaraḥ | taptaśilārohaṇādirnirjaraḥ
bandho'ṣṭavidhaṃ karma | tatra ghātikarma caturvidham , jñānāvaraṇīyaṃ darśanāvaraṇīyaṃ

8.14-2.3

mohanīyamāntarāyikamiti | tatra samyagjñānānna mokṣa iti viparyayo jñānāvaraṇīyaṃ
karma | ārhatadarśanābhyāsānna mokṣa iti jñānaṃ darśanāvaraṇīyam | bahuṣu vipratiṣiddheṣu mokṣamārgeṣu viśeṣānavadhāraṇīyaṃ ¹ mohanīyam | mokṣamārgapravṛttānāṃ tadvighna-²
karaṃ vijñānamāntarāyikam | tānīmāni śreyomārgahantṛtvāt ghātikarmāṇītyucyante
athāghātikarma caturvidham, vedanīyaṃ nāmikaṃ gotrikamāyuṣkañceti | tatra vedanīyaṃ
karma śukrapudgalavipākahetuḥ | taddhi karma bandho'pi na bhavati | niḥśreyasa³prāptihetujñānāvighātakatvāt | śukrapudgulārambhakaṃ vedanīyakarmānuguṇaṃ nāmikaṃ karma | taddhi
śukrapudgalasyāvasthāṃ ⁴ kalilabudbudādikāmārabhate | gotrikaṃ tu avyākṛtaṃ tatopyādyaṃ
śaktirūpeṇāvasthitam | āyuṣkam = āyuḥ kathayatyutpādanadvāreṇetyāyuṣkam | tānyetāni śukrapudgalāśrayatvādaghātikarmāṇi | tadetat karmāṣṭakaṃ puruṣaṃ badhnātīti bandhaḥ
vigalitasamastakleśa tadvāsanasyānā⁵varaṇajñānasukhaikatānasyā''tmana upari deśāvasthānaṃ
mokṣa ityeke | anye tu ūrdhvagamanaśīlasya jīvasya śuṣkālāṃbuphalonmajjanavat
satatordhvagamanaṃ mokṣa iti varṇayanti
imamanyamapi prapañcamācakṣate | pañcāstikāya nāma, jīvāstikāyaḥ pudgalāstikāyo dharmāstikāyo'dharmāstikāya ākāśāstikāyaśceti | astīti kāyate
śabdyata ityastikāyaḥ | ⁶ jīva evāstikāyo jīvāstikāyaḥ | evaṃ sarvatra | tatra
ca jīvāstikāyastrividhaḥ, baddho mukto nityasiddhaśca | tatra nityasiddha ārhataḥ| itarau

8.14-2.4

dvau prasiddhau | pūryate galati ceti upacitāpacitaṃ vastu pudgalaśabdenocyate | pudgalāstikāyaśca ṣoḍhā, pṛthivyādibhūtacatuṣṭayaṃ sthāvaraṃ jaṅgamañceti | dharmāstikāyaḥ pravṛttyanumeyaḥ | adharmāstikāyaḥ sthitihetuḥ | ākāśāstikāyaḥ dvividhaḥ , lokākāśo'lokākāśaśceti | uparyupari vartamānānāṃ lokānāmantarvartī ākāśo lokākāśaḥ | sarveṣāṃ lokānāmūrdhvavartī anāvṛtākāśo'lokākāśaḥ
sarvepyete padārthāḥ - syādasti, syānnāsti, syādasti ca nāsti ca,
syādavaktavyam, syādasti cāvaktavyam, syānnāsti cāvaktavyam, syādasti ca nāsti
cāvaktavyañcetyevaṃ sattva-asattva - sadasattva - sadasadvilakṣaṇatva - sattvaviśiṣṭasadasadvilakṣaṇatva - asattvaviśiṣṭasadasadvilakṣaṇatva-sadasattvaviśiṣṭasadasadvilakṣaṇatvarūpasaptabhaṅgīparivṛtāḥ | syācchabdo'yaṃ tiṅantapratirūpako nipāto'naikāntya' dyotī
iti smaraṇāt brahmabhinnasya jīvasya muktau brahmaikyavādyauḍulomimatamapi nirastam
ataḥ kāśakṛtsnamatameva bhagavadbādarāyaṇamatam 1 | ata eva, "aṃśo nānāvyapadeśā" diti jīvasya brahmāṃśatvamevoktam
(3) tatra hyadhikaraṇe 'jñājñau dvāvajāvīśanīśau' ityādibhedaśrutyanurodhādabheda
vādo jātyādyabhedābhiprāyeṇa gauṇo netavyaḥ | athavā tattvamasyādyabhedaśrutyanurodhāt
bhedavyapadeśa aupādhikabhedaparatayā netavya ityevaṃ pūrvapakṣe prāpte idamucyate - "aṃśo
nānāvyapadeśādanyathā cāpi dāśakitavāditvamadhīyata eke" | nānāvyapadeśāt =
bhedavyapadeśāt, anyathā cāpi = abhedenāpi vyapadeśāt, śrutidvayānugrahāya
brahmaṇoṃśo jīva ityava (ityupa?) gamyate | cidacidviśiṣṭaṃ hi brahmaṇaḥ svarūpam | tatra

8.14-2.5

viśeṣaṇabhūtacidaṃśasyāntarbhūtatvādabhedavyapadeśopapattiḥ | viśeṣyāpekṣayā viśeṣaṇasya
bhinnatvāt bhedavyapadeśasyāpyupapattiḥ | 'brahma dāśā brahma dāsā brahmeme kitavā ute'
ti dāśakitavādīnāmapi brahmatvameke śākhinaḥ adhīyate | nāsyābhedavyapadeśasya
gauṇatvaṃ vaktuṃ yujyate | nāpi sṛjyatvasaṃhārthatvādilakṣaṇabhedavyapadeśasya mānāntarāsiddhārthābhidhāyino'nuvāditvaṃ gauṇatvaṃ vā vaktuṃ yujyate | ato vyapadeśadvayamukhyatvāya nīlagotvādyapṛthaksiddhaviśeṣaṇabhūtarūpajātyādiviśiṣṭadravyasya yathā rūpajātyādiviśeṣaṇamaṃśaḥ, evamapṛthaksiddhaviśeṣaṇabhūtaḥ śaktisthānīyo jīvo'śa ityarthaḥ
"mantravarṇāt 3" | 'pādo'sya viśvā bhūtānī' ti mantravarṇena sarvajīvānāṃ bhūtaśabditānāṃ pādaśabditāṃśatvapratipādanācca jīvo brahmaviśeṣaṇāṃśaḥ
"api smaryate" | 'mamaivāṃśo jīvaloke' iti gītāvacanāccāṃśatvam | nanu
jīvasyāṃśatve jīvasya brahmaikadeśatvāvāśyambhāvena tadgatā doṣā brahmaṇi syuḥ | netyucyate, "prakāśādivattu naivaṃ paraḥ" | tuśabdaḥ codyaṃ vyāvartayati | paraḥ = paramātmā, evaṃ na = jīvavanna duṣṭaḥ, prakāśādivat | yathā prakāśagotvādiviśiṣṭaprabhāvadgavādivravyasya prabhāgotvādikamaṃśaḥ, tādṛśo'yamaṃśaḥ ; na tu ghaṭākāśādivat
tadekadeśarūpaḥ | ato na jīvadoṣeṇa parasya duṣṭatā | "smaranti ca" | smaranti
ca parāśarādayaḥ -
tataścāntaryāmitayā paramātmano'vasthiteḥ śarīravāciśabdānāśca śarīriparyantatvāt śarīrabhūtajīvavācivijñānaghanaśabdena śarīribhūtaparamātmābhidhānaṃ na viruddhayata
iti kāśakṛtsnamatameva bādarāyaṇamatam | prakṛtamanusarāmaḥ

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