Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa ("of a hundred paths") 10.2.1
Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 10.2.1
- Language
- Sanskrit
10.2.1.1
prajāpatiḥ svargaṃ lokamajigāṃsat sarve vai paśavaḥ prajāpatiḥ puruṣo'śvo gauravirajaḥ sa etai rūpairnāśaknotsa etaṃ vayovidhamātmānamapaśyadagniṃ taṃ vyadhatta so'nupasamuhyānupādhāyodapipatiṣatsa nāśaknotsa upasamuhyopadhāyodapatattasmādapyetarhi vayāṃsi yadaiva pakṣā upasamūhante yadā patrāṇi visṛjante'thotpatituṃ śaknuvanti
Pragâpati was desirous of going up to the world of heaven; but Pragâpati, indeed, is all the (sacrificial) animals --man, horse, bull, ram, and he-goat:--by means of these forms he could not do so. He saw this bird-like body, the fire-altar, and constructed it. He attempted to fly up, without contracting and expanding (the wings), but could not do so. By contracting and expanding (the wings) he did fly up: whence even to this day birds can only fly up when they contract their wings and spread their feathers.
10.2.1.2
taṃ vā aṅgulibhirmimīte puruṣo vai yajñastenedaṃ sarvam mitaṃ tasyaiṣāvamā mātrā yadaṅgulayastadyāsyāvamā mātrā tāmasya tadāpnoti tayainaṃ tanmimīte
He measures it (the fire-altar) by finger-breadths; for the sacrifice being a man, it is by means of him that everything is measured here. Now these, to wit, the fingers, are his lowest measure: he thus secures for him (the sacrificial man) that lowest measure of his, and therewith he thus measures him.
10.2.1.3
caturviṃśatyāṅgulibhirmimīte caturviṃśatyakṣarā vai gāyatrī gāyatro'gniryāvānagniryāvatyasya mātrā tāvataivainaṃ tanmimīte
He measures by twenty-four finger-breadths,--the Gâyatrî (verse) consists of twenty-four syllables, and Agni is of Gâyatra nature: as great as Agni is, as great as is his measure, by so much he thus measures him.
10.2.1.4
sa caturaṅgulamevobhayato'ntarata upasamūhati caturaṅgulamubhayato bāhyato vyudūhati tadyāvadevopasamūhati tāvadvyudūhati tannāhaivātirecayati no kanīyaḥ karoti tathā pucasya tathottarasya pakṣasya
He contracts (the right wing) inside on both sides by just four finger-breadths, and expands it outside on both sides by four finger-breadths: he thus expands it by just as much as he contracts it; and thus, indeed, he neither exceeds (its proper size) nor does he make it too small. In the same way in regard to the tail, and in the same way in regard to the left wing.
10.2.1.5
atha nirṇāmau pakṣayoḥ karoti nirṇāmau hi vayasaḥ pakṣayorbhavato vitṛtīye vitṛtīye hi vayasaḥ pakṣayornirṇāmau bhavato'ntare vitṛtīye'ntare hi vitṛtīye vayasaḥ pakṣayornirṇāmau bhavataḥ sa caturaṅgulameva purastādudūhati caturaṅgulam paścādupasamūhati tadyāvadevodūhati tāvadupasamūhati tannāhaivātirecayati no kanīyaḥ karoti
He then makes two bending-limbs in the wings, for there are two bending-limbs in a bird's wings. In one-third (of each wing he makes them), for the bending-limbs are in one-third of the bird's wings;--in the inner third, for the bending-limbs are in the inner third of a bird's wings. He expands (each of these limbs) in front by just four finger-breadths, and contracts it behind by four finger-breadths; he thus expands it by just as much as he contracts it; and thus, indeed, he neither exceeds (its size), nor does he make it too small.
10.2.1.6
sa tasminnirṇāme ekāmiṣṭakāmupadadhāti tadyeyaṃ vayasaḥ patato nirṇāmādekā nāḍyupaśete tāṃ tatkarotyatho idam
On that bending-limb he places one brick he thereby gives to it that single tube (tubular organ) which joins on to (the body) from the bending-limb of the flying bird. Then here (on the left wing).
10.2.1.7
atha vakrau karoti vakrau hi vayasaḥ pakṣau bhavataḥ sa caturaṅgulameva paścādudūhati caturaṅgulam purastādupasamūhati tadyāvadevodūhati tāvadupasamūhati tannāhaivātirecayati no kanīyaḥ karoti
He then makes the wings crooked, for a bird's wings are crooked; he expands them behind by just four finger-breadths, and contracts them in front by four finger-breadths: he thus draws them out by just as much as he draws them in; and thus, indeed, he neither exceeds (its size) nor does he make it too small.
10.2.1.8
atha rūpamūttamaṃ karoti atraiṣa sarvo'gniḥ saṃskṛtastasmindevā etadrūpamuttamamadadhustathaivāsminnayametadrūpamuttamaṃ dadhāti sa sahasramṛjvālikhitā iṣṭakāḥ karoti sahasramityālikhitāḥ sahasramityālikhitāḥ
He now gives to it (the altar) the highest form. This Agni had now been completely restored, and the gods conferred upon him this highest form; and in like manner does this (Sacrificer) confer upon him this highest form: he makes a thousand bricks marked with straight lines, a thousand marked this way (from left to right), and a thousand marked that way (from right to left).
10.2.1.9
atha pañcamīṃ citimupadhāya tredhāgniṃ vimimīte sa madhyame vitṛtīye sahasramṛjvālikhitā iṣṭakā upadadhāti tadyānīmāni vayasaḥ pratyañci śīrṣṇa ā pucādṛjūni lomāni tāni tatkaroti
And when he has laid down the fifth layer, he measures out the altar in three parts, and on the central part he places the one thousand bricks marked with straight lines: he thereby gives to it those straight plumes of the bird pointing backwards (with their tops, and covering it) from head to tail.
10.2.1.10
atha sahasramityālikhitā dakṣiṇata upadadhāti tadyānīmāni vayaso dakṣiṇato vakrāṇi lomāni tāni tatkaroti
On the right side he then lays down the one thousand (bricks) marked thus (from left to right): he thereby gives to it those curved plumes on the right side of the bird.
10.2.1.11
atha sahasramityālikhitā uttarata upadadhāti tadyānīmāni vayasa uttarato vakrāṇi lomāni tāni tatkaroti sahasreṇa sarvaṃ vai sahasraṃ sarveṇaivāsminnetadrūpamuttamaṃ dadhāti tribhiḥ sahasraistrivṛdagniryāvānagniryāvatyasya mātrā tāvataivāsminnetadrūpamuttamaṃ dadhāti
On the left side he then lays down the one thousand (bricks) marked thus (from right to left): he thereby gives to it those curved plumes on the left side of the bird. With a thousand (bricks he does it each time)--a thousand means everything: with everything (required) he thus confers that highest form upon him (Agni);--with three thousand--Agni is threefold: as great as Agni is, as great as is his measure, with so much he thus confers the highest form upon him.
Translations (1)
- The Satapatha-Brahmana according to the Text of the Mâdhyandina School (SBE 12, 26, 41, 43, 44) — Julius Eggeling 1882, English
Commentaries (1)
- Śatapathabrāhmaṇabhāṣya (Sāyaṇa) — Sāyaṇa, Sanskrit
Linked texts (7)
- The Science of the Śulba: A Study in Early Hindu Geometry — Bibhutibhusan Datta, English
- The Śulbasūtras of Baudhāyana, Āpastamba, Kātyāyana and Mānava: With Text, English Translation and Commentary — Surendra Nath Sen & A. K. Bag, English
- Mānasāra Series (I. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture; II. Indian Architecture according to Mānasāra-Śilpaśāstra; III. Mānasāra on Architecture and Sculpture: Sanskrit Text; IV. Architecture of Mānasāra: Translation; V. Architecture of Mānasāra: Illustrations; VI. Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad; VII. An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture) — Prasanna Kumar Acharya, English
- Geometry in Ancient and Medieval India — T. A. Sarasvati Amma, English
- Original Sanskrit Texts on the Origin and History of the People of India, their Religion and Institutions — John Muir, English
- The Hindu Temple — Stella Kramrisch, English
- The Development of Hindu Iconography — Jitendra Nath Banerjea, English