Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad 5: prathama khaṇḍaḥ

Muṇḍakopaniṣadbhāṣya 5

Language: Sanskrit

5.1 — 20 parts

prathama khaṇḍaḥ

parā vidyoktā yayā tadakṣaraṃ puruṣākhyaṃ satyamadhigamyate| yadadhigame hṛdayagranthyādisaṃsārakāraṇasyātyantikavināśaḥ syāt| taddarśanopāyaśca yogo dhanurādyupādānakalpanayoktaḥ| athedānīṃ tatsahakārīṇi satyādisādhanāni vaktavyānīti tadarthamuttarārambhaḥ| prādhānyena tattvanirdhāraṇaṃ ca prakārāntareṇa kriyate atyantaduravagāhyatvātkṛtamapi| tatra sūtrabhūto mantraḥ paramārthavastvavadhāraṇārthamupanyasyate -

5.1.1

3.1.1
dvā suparṇā sayujā sakhāyā samānaṃ vṛkṣaṃ pariṣasvajāte| tayoranyaḥ pippalaṃ svāddhattyanaśnannanyo abhicākaśīti ||

5.1.1-2

dvā dvau suparṇā suparṇau śobhanapatanau suparṇau pakṣisāmānyādvā suparṇau sayujā sayujau sahaiva sarvadā yuktau sakhāyā sakhāyau samānākhyānau samānābhivyaktikāraṇau evaṃ bhūtau santau samānamaviśeṣavupalabdhyadhiṣṭhānatayaikaṃ vṛkṣaṃ vṛkṣamivocchedanasāmānyāccharīraṃ vṛkṣaṃ pariṣasvajāte pariṣvaktavantau suparṇāvivaikaṃ vṛkṣaṃ phalopabhogārtham|
ayaṃ hi vṛkṣa ūrdhvamūlo'vakśāstro'śvattho'vyaktamūlaprabhavaḥ kṣetrasaṃjñakaḥ sarvaprāṇikarmaphalāśrayastaṃ pariṣvaktau suparṇāvivādyākāmakarmavāsanāśrayaliṅgopādhyātmeśvarau| tayoḥ pariṣvaktayoranya ekaḥ kṣetrajño liṅgopādhivṛkṣamāśritaḥ pippalaṃ karmaniṣpannaṃ sukhaduḥkhalakṣaṇaṃ phalaṃ svādvanekavicitravedanāsvarūpaṃ svādvatti bhakṣayatyupabhuṅkte'vivekataḥ| anaśnannanya itara īśvaro nityaśuddhabuddhamuktasvabhāvaḥ sarvajñaḥ sarvasattvopādhirīśvaro nāśnāti| prerayitā hyāsāvubhayorbhojyabhoktrornityasākṣitvasattāmātreṇa| sa tvanaśnannanyo'bhicākaśīti paśyatyeva kevalam| darśanamātraṃ hitasya prerayitṛtvaṃ rājavat ||

5.1.2

tatraivaṃ sati -
3.1.2
samāne vṛkṣe puruṣo nimagno'nīśayā śocati muhyamānaḥ| juṣṭaṃ yadā paśyatyanyamīśamasya mahimānamiti vītaśokaḥ ||

5.1.2.p1

samāne vṛkṣe yathokte śarīre puruṣo bhoktā jīvo'vidyākāmakarmaphalarāgādigurubhārākrānto'lāburiva sāmudre jale nimagne niścayena dehātmabhāvamāpanno'yamevāhamamuṣya putro'sya naptā kṛśaḥ sthūlo guṇavānnirguṇaḥ sakhī duḥkhītyevaṃpratyayo nāstyanyo'smāditi jāyate mriyate saṃyujyate ca sambandhibāndhavaiḥ|

5.1.2.p2

ato'nīśayā na kasyacit samartho'he putro mama vinaṣṭo mṛtā me bhāryā kiṃ me jīvitenetyevaṃ dīnabhāvo'nīśā tayā śocati santapyate muhyamāno'nekairanarthaprakārairavivekatayā cintāmāpadyamānaḥ|

5.1.2.p3

sa evaṃ pretatiryaṅmanuṣyādiyoniṣvājavaṃ javībhāvamāpannaḥ kadācidanekajanmasu śuddhadharmasañcitanimittataḥ kenacitparamakāruṇikena darśitayogamārgo'hiṃsāsatyabrahmacaryasarvatyāgaśamadamādisampannaḥ samāhitātmā san juṣṭaṃ

5.1.2-2

sevitamanekairyogamārgaiḥ karmabhiśca yadā yasminkāle paśyati dhyāyamāno'yaṃ vṛkṣopādhilakṣamādvilakṣaṇamīśamasaṃsāriṇamaśanāyāpipāsāśokamohajarāmṛtyvatītamīśaṃ sarvasya jagato'yamahamasmyātmā sarvasya samaḥ sarvabhūtastho netaro'vidyājanitopādhiparicchinno māyātmetivibhūtiṃ mahimānaṃ ta jagadrūpamasyaiva mama parameśvarasyeti yadaivaṃ draṣṭā tadā vītaśoko bhavati sarvasmācchokasāgarādvipramucyate kṛtakṛtyo bhavatītyarthaḥ ||

5.1.3

anyo'pi mantra imamevārthamāha savistaram -
3.1.3
yadā paśyaḥ paśyate rukmavarṇaṃ kartāramīśaṃ puruṣaṃ brahmayonim| tadā vidvānpuṇyapāpe vidhūyanirañjanaḥ paramaṃ sāmyamupaiti ||

5.1.3-2

yadā yasminkāle paśyaḥ paśyatīti vidvānsādhaka ityarthaḥ paśyate paśyati pūrvavadrukmavarṇaṃ svayaṃjyotiḥsvabhāvaṃ rukmasyeva vā jyotirasyāvināśi kartāraṃ sarvasya jagata īśaṃ puruṣaṃ brahmayoniṃ brahma ta tadyoniścāsau brahmayoniṃ brahmaṇo vāparasya yoniṃ sa yadā caivaṃ paśyati tadā sa vidvānpaśyaḥ puṇyapāpe bandhanabhūte karmaṇi samūle vidhūya nirasya dagdhvā nirañjano nirlepo vigatakleśaḥ paramaṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ niratiśayaṃ sāmyaṃ samatāmadvayalakṣaṇam| dvaitaviṣayāṇi sāmānyato'rvāñcyevāto'dvayalakṣaṇametatparamaṃ sāmyamupaiti pratipadyate ||

5.1.4

kiṃ ca -
3.1.4
prāṇo hyeṣa yaḥ sarvabhūtairvibhāti vijānanvidvānbhavate nātivādī| ātmakrīḍa ātmaratiḥ kriyāvāneṣa brahmavidāṃ variṣṭhaḥ ||

5.1.4.p1

yo'yaṃ prāṇasya prāṇaḥ para īśvaro hyeṣa prakṛtaḥ sarvairbhūtairbrahmādistambaparyantaiḥ, itthaṃbhūtalakṣaṇe tṛtīyā, sarvabhūtasthaḥ sarvātmā sannityarthaḥ, vibhāti vividhaṃ dīpyate| evaṃ sarvabhūtasthaṃ yaḥ sākṣādātmabhāvenāyamahamasmīti vijānanvidvānvākyārthajñānamātreṇa sa bhavate bhavati na bhavatītyetat kimativādyatītya sarvānanyān vadituṃ śīlamasyetyativādī|

5.1.4.p2

yastvevaṃ sākṣādātmānaṃ prāṇasya prāṇaṃ vidvānativādī sa na bhavatītyarthaḥ| sarvaṃ yadātmaiva nānyadastīti dṛṣṭaṃ tadā kiṃ hyasāvatītya vadet| yasya tvaparamanyad dṛṣṭamasti sa tadatītya vadati| ayaṃ tu vidvānātmano'nyatra paśyati nānyacchṛṇoti nāmyadvijānāti| ato nātivadati|

5.1.4.p3

kiṃ cātmakrīḍa ātmanyeva ca krīḍā krīḍanaṃ yasya nānyata putradārādiṣu ātmakrīḍaḥ| tathātmaratirātmanyeva ca ratī ramaṇaṃ prītiryasya sa ātmaratiḥ| krīḍā bāhyasādhanasāpekṣā, ratistu sādhananirapekṣā bāhyaviṣayaprītimātramiti viśeṣaḥ| tathā krīyāvāñjñānadhyānavairāgyādikriyā yasya so'yaṃ kriyāvān| samāsapāṭha ātmaratireva kriyāsya vidyata iti bahuvīhimatubarthayoranyataro'tiricyate|

5.1.4.p4

kecittvagnihotrādikarmabrahmavidyayoḥ samuccayārthamicchanti| tacacaiṣa brahmavidāṃ variṣṭha ityanena mukhyārthavacanena virudhyate| na hi bāhyakriyāvānātkrīḍa ātmaratiśca bhavituṃ śaktaḥ,

5.1.4-2

kaścidbāhyakriyāvinivṛtto hyātmakrīḍo bhavati bāhyakriyātmakrīḍayorvirodhāt| na hi tamaḥprakāśayoryugapadekatra sthitiḥ saṃbhavati|
tasmādasatpralapitamevaitadanena jñānakarmasamuccayapratipādanam| "anyā vāco vimuñcatha" (mu.u.2ya2/5) "saṃnyāsayogāt" (mu.u.3/2/6) ityādiśrutibhyaśca| tasmādayameveha kriyāvānyo jñānadhyānādikriyāvānasaṃbhinnāryamaryādaḥ saṃnyāsī| ya evaṃlakṣaṇo nātivādyātmakrīḍa ātmaratiḥ kriyāvānbrahmaniṣṭhaḥ sa brahmavidāṃ sarveṣāṃ variṣṭhaḥ pradhānaḥ ||

5.1.4-2.p1

adhunā satyādīni bhikṣoḥ samyagjñānasahakārīṇi sādhanāni vidhīyante nivṛttipradhānāni -

5.1.5

3.1.5
satyena labhyastapasā hyeṣā ātmāsamyagjñānena brahmacaryeṇa nityam| antaḥśarīre jyotirmayo hi śubhroyaṃ paśyanti yatayaḥ kṣīṇadoṣāḥ ||

5.1.5-2

satyenāmṛtatyāgena mṛṣāvadanatyāgena labhyaḥ praptavyaḥ| kiṃ ca tapasā hīndriyamanaekāgratayā "manasaścendriyāṇāṃ ca hyaikāgryaṃ paramaṃ tapaḥ" (mahā.śā.250/4) iti smaraṇāt| taddhyanukūlamātmadarśanābhimukhībhāvātparamaṃ sādhanaṃ tapo netaraccāndrāyaṇādi eṣa ātmā labhya ityanuṣaṅgaḥ sarvatra|
samyagjñānena yathābhūtātmadarśanena brahmacaryeṇa maithunāsamācāreṇa nityaṃ sarvadā| nityaṃ satyena nityaṃ tapasā nityaṃ samyagjñāneneti sarvatra nityaśabdo'ntardīpikānyāyena anuṣaktavyaḥ| vakṣyati ca "na yeṣu jihramanṛtaṃ na māyā ca"(pra.u.1/16) iti|
ko'sāvātmā ya etaiḥ sādhanairlabhya ityucyate| antaḥśarīre'ntarmadhye śarīrasya puṇḍarīkākāśe jyotirmayo hi rukmavarṇaḥ śubhraḥ śuddho yamātmānaṃ paśyantyupalabhyante yatayo yatanaśīlāḥ saṃnyāsinaḥ kṣīṇadoṣāḥ kṣīṇakrodhādicittamalāḥ| sa ātmā nityaṃ satyādisādhanaiḥ saṃnyāsabhirlabhyate| na kadācitkaiḥ satyādibhiḥ labhyate| satyādisādhanastutyartho'yamarthavādaḥ ||

5.1.6

3.1.6
satyameva jayati nānṛtaṃ satyena panthā vitato devayānaḥ| yenākramantyṛṣayo hyāptakāmā yatra tatsatyasya paramaṃ nidhānam ||

5.1.6-2

satyameva satyavāneva jayati nānṛtaṃ nānṛtavādītyarthaḥ| na hi satyānṛtayoḥ kevalayoḥ puruṣānāśritayorjayaḥ parājayo vā sambhavati| prasiddhaṃ loke satyavādinānṛtavādyabhibhūyate na viparyayo'taḥ siddhaṃ satyasya balavatsādhanatvam|
kiṃ ca śāstrato'pyavagamyate satyasya sādhanātiśayatvam| katham? satyena yathābhūtavādavyavasthayā panthā devayānākhyo vitato vistīrṇaḥ sātatyena pravṛtto yena yathā hyākramanti kramanta ṛṣayo darśanavantaḥ sarvato yatra yasmiṃstatparamārthatattvaṃ satyasyottamasādhanasya sambandhi sādhyaṃ paramaṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ nidhānaṃ puruṣārtharūpeṇa nidhīyata iti nidhānaṃ vartate tatra ca yena pathākramanti sa satyena vitata iti pūrveṇa sambandhaḥ ||

5.1.7

kiṃ tatkiṃ dharmakaṃ ca tadityucyate -
3.1.7
bṛhacca taddivyamacintyarūpaṃ sūkṣmācca tatsūkṣmataraṃ vibhāti | dūrātsudūre tadihāntike ca paśyatsvihaiva nihitaṃ guhāyām ||

5.1.7-2

bṛhanmahacca tatprakṛtaṃ brahma satyādisādhanaṃ sarvato vyāptatvāt| divyaṃ svayaṃprabhamanindriyagocarata eva na cintayituṃ śakyate'sya rūpamityacintyarūpam| sūkṣmādekāśāderapi tatsūkṣmataram, niratiśayaṃ hi saukṣmyasya sarvakāraṇatvāt, vibhāti vividhamādityacandrādyākāreṇa bhāti dīpyate|
kiṃ ca dūrādviprakṛṣṭadeśātsudūre viprakṛṣṭatare deśe vartate'viduṣāmatyantāgamyatvāttadbrahma| iha dehe'ntike samīpe ca viduṣāmātmatvāt| sarvāntaratvāccāka śasyāpyantaraśruteḥ| iha paśyatsu cetanāvatsvityetannihitaṃ sthitaṃ darśanādikriyāvattvena yogibhirlakṣyamāṇam| kva?guhāyāṃ buddhilakṣaṇāyām| tatra hi nigūḍhaṃ lakṣyate vidvadbhiḥ| tathāpyavidyayā saṃvṛtaṃ sanna lakṣyate tatrasthamevāvidvadbhiḥ ||

5.1.8

punarapyasādhāraṇaṃ tadupalabdhisādhanamucyate -
3.1.8
na cakṣuṣā gṛhyate nāpi vācā nānyairdevaistapasā karmaṇā vā| jñānaprasādena viśuddhasattvastatastu taṃ paśyate niṣkalaṃ dhyāyamānaḥ ||

5.1.8.p1

yasmānna cakṣuṣā gṛhyate kenacidapyarūpatvānnāpi gṛhyate vācānabhidheyatvānna cānyairdevairitarendriyaiḥ| tapasaḥ sarvaprāptisādhanatve'pi na tapasā gṛhyate| tathā vaidikenāgnihotrādikarmaṇā prasiddhamahattvenāpi na gṛhyate| tathā vaidikenāgnihotrādikarmaṇā prasiddhamahattvenāpi na gṛhyate| kiṃ punastasya grahaṇe sādhanamityāha -

5.1.8.p2

jñānaprasādena| ātmāvabodhanasamarthamapi svabhāvena sarvaprāṇināṃ jñānaṃ bāhyaviṣayarāgādidoṣakaluṣitamaprasannamaśuddhaṃ sannāvabodhayati nityaṃ saṃnihitamapyātmatattvaṃ malāvanaddhamivādarśanam, vilulitamiva salilam| tadyadendriyaviṣayasaṃsargajanitarāgādimalakāluṣyāpanayanādādarśasalilādivatprasāditaṃ svacchaṃ

5.1.8-2

śāntamavatiṣṭhate tadā jñānasya prasādaḥ syāt|
tena jñānaprasādena viśuddhasattvo viśuddhāntaḥkaraṇo yogyo brahma draṣṭuṃ yasmāttatastasmāttu tamātmānaṃ paśyate paśyatyupalabhate niṣkalaṃ sarvāvayavabhedavarjitaṃ dhyāyamānaḥ satyādisādhanavānupasaṃhṛtakaraṇa ekāgreṇa manasā dhyāyamānaścintayan ||

5.1.9

yamātmānamevaṃ paśyati -
3.1.9
eṣo'ṇurātmā cetasā veditavyo yasminprāṇaḥ pañcadhā saṃviveśa| prāṇaiścittaṃ sarvamotaṃ prajānāṃyasminviśuddhe vibhavatyeṣa ātmā ||

5.1.9.p1

eṣo'ṇuḥ sūkṣmaścetasā viśuddhajñānena kevalena veditavyaḥ| kvāsau?yasmiñśarīre prāṇo vāyuḥ

5.1.9-2

pañcadhā prāṇāpānādibhedena saṃviveśa samyakpraviṣṭastasminneva śarīre hṛdaye cetasā jñeya ityarthaḥ|
kīdṛśena cetasā veditavya ityāha - prāṇaiḥ sahendriyaiścittaṃ sarvamantaḥkaraṇaṃ prajānāmotaṃ vyāptaṃ yena kṣīrameva snehena kāṣṭhamivāgninā| sarvaṃ hi prajānāmantaḥkaraṇaṃ cetanāvatprasiddhaṃ loke yasmiṃśca citte kleśādimalaviyukte śuddhe vibhavatyeṣa ukta ātmā viśeṣeṇa svenātmanā vibhavatyātmānaṃ prakāśayatītyarthaḥ ||

5.1.9-2.p1

ya evamuktalakṣaṇaṃ sarvātmānamātmatvena pratipannastasya sarvātmatvādeva sarvāvāptilakṣaṇaṃ phalamāha -

5.1.10

3.1.10
yaṃ yaṃ lokaṃ manasā saṃvibhāti viśuddhasattvaḥ kāmayate yāṃśca kāmān| taṃ taṃ lokaṃ jāyate tāṃśca kāmāṃstasmādātmajñaṃ hyarcayed bhūtikāmaḥ ||

5.1.10-2

yaṃ yaṃ lokaṃ pitrādilakṣaṇaṃ manasā saṃvibhāti saṃkalpayati mahyamanyasmai vā bhavediti viśuddhasattvaḥ kṣīṇakleśa ātmavinnirmalāntaḥkaraṇaḥ kāmayate yāṃśca kāmānprārthayate bhogāṃstaṃ taṃ lokaṃ jayate prāpnoti tāṃśca kāmānsaṃkalpitānbhogān| tasmādviduṣaḥ satyasaṃkalpatvādātmajñānena viśuddhāntaḥkaraṇaṃ hyarcayet pūjayetpādaprakṣālanaśuśrūṣānamaskārādibhirbhūtikāmo vibhūtimicchuḥ| tataḥ pūjārha evāsau ||

5.1.10-2.p1

iti prathamaḥ khaṇḍaḥ

Linked texts (1)

Muṇḍakopaniṣad — Sanskrit