[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Vedic Literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda) › [Upaniṣads](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad) › [Principal (early) Upaniṣads](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya) › [Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka) › 2.1 # Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad 2.1 Muṇḍakopaniṣad 2.1 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [2.1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka.2.1.1) tad etat satyam. yathā sudīptāt pāvakād visphuliṅgāḥ sahasraśaḥ prabhavante sarūpāḥ. tathākṣarād vividhāḥ somya bhāvāḥ prajāyante tatra caivāpiyanti. > 1. This is the truth:— As, from a well-blazing fire, sparks By the thousand issue forth of like form, So from the Imperishable, my friend, beings manifold Are produced, and thither also go. > — Robert Ernest Hume 1921, The Thirteen Principal Upanishads ### [2.1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka.2.1.2) divyo hy amūrtaḥ puruṣo \*sa bāhyābhyantaro hy ajaḥ. aprāṇo hy amanāḥ śubhro hy akṣarāt parataḥ paraḥ. > 2. Heavenly (divya), formless (a-mūrtta) is the Person (Purusha). > He is without and within, unborn, > Breathless (a-prāṇa), mindless (a-manas), pure (śubhra), > Higher than the high Imperishable. > — Robert Ernest Hume 1921, The Thirteen Principal Upanishads ### [2.1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka.2.1.3) etasmāj jāyate prāṇo manaḥ sarvendriyāṇi ca. khaṃ vāyur jyotir āpaḥ pṛthivī viśvasya dhāriṇī. > 3. From Him is produced breath (prāṇa), > Mind (manas), and all the senses (indriya), > Space (kha), wind, light, water, > And earth, the supporter of all. > — Robert Ernest Hume 1921, The Thirteen Principal Upanishads ### [2.1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka.2.1.4) agnir mūrdhā cakṣuṣī candrasūryau diśaḥ śrotre vāg vivṛtāś ca vedāḥ. vāyuḥ prāṇo hṛdayaṃ viśvam asya padbhyāṃ pṛthivī hy eṣa sarvabhūtāntarātmā. > 4. Fire is His head; His eyes, the moon and sun; The regions of space, His ears; His voice, the revealed Vedas; Wind, His breath (prāṇa); His heart, the whole world. Out of His feet, The earth. Truly, He is the Inner Soul (Ātman) of all. > — Robert Ernest Hume 1921, The Thirteen Principal Upanishads ### [2.1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka.2.1.5) tasmād agniḥ samidho yasya sūryaḥ somāt parjanya oṣadhayaḥ pṛthivyām. pumān retaḥ siñcati yoṣitāyāṃ bahvīḥ prajāḥ puruṣāt samprasūtāḥ. > 5. From Him \[proceeds\] fire, whose fuel is the sun; From the moon (Soma), rain; herbs, on the earth. The male pours seed in the female. Many creatures are produced from the Person (Purusha). > — Robert Ernest Hume 1921, The Thirteen Principal Upanishads ### [2.1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka.2.1.6) tasmād ṛcaḥ sāma yajūṃṣi dīkṣā yajñāś ca sarve kratavo dakṣiṇāś ca. saṃvatsaraś ca yajamānaś ca lokāḥ somo yatra pavate yatra sūryaḥ. > 6. From Him the Ṛig Verses, the Sāman Chant, the sacrificial formulas (yajus), the initiation rite (dīkṣā). And all the sacrifices, ceremonies, and sacrificial gifts (\_dakṣiṇā\_), The year too, and the sacrificer, the worlds Where the moon (Soma) shines brightly, and where the sun. > — Robert Ernest Hume 1921, The Thirteen Principal Upanishads ### [2.1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka.2.1.7) tasmāc ca devā bahudhā samprasūtāḥ sādhyā manuṣyāḥ paśavo vayāṃsi. prāṇāpānau vrīhiyavau tapaś ca śraddhā satyaṃ brahmacaryaṃ vidhiś ca. > 7. From Him, too, gods are manifoldly produced, > The celestials (Sādhyas), men, cattle, birds, > The in-breath and the out-breath (\_prāṇāpānau\_), rice and barley, austerity (\_tapas\_), > Faith (\_śraddhā\_), truth, chastity, and the law (\_vidhi\_). > — Robert Ernest Hume 1921, The Thirteen Principal Upanishads ### [2.1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka.2.1.8) sapta prāṇāḥ prabhavanti tasmāt saptārciṣaḥ samidhaḥ sapta homāḥ. sapta ime lokā yeṣu caranti prāṇā guhāśayā nihitāḥ sapta sapta. > 8. From Him come forth the seven life-breaths (\_prāṇa\_), > The seven flames, their fuel, the seven oblations, > These seven worlds, wherein do move > The life-breaths that dwell in the secret place \[of the heart\], placed seven and seven. > — Robert Ernest Hume 1921, The Thirteen Principal Upanishads ### [2.1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka.2.1.9) ataḥ samudrā girayaś ca sarve 'smāt syandante sindhavaḥ sarvarūpāḥ. ataś ca sarvā oṣadhayo rasaś ca yenaiṣa bhūtais tiṣṭhate hy antarātmā. > 9. From Him, the seas and the mountains all. > From Him roll rivers of every kind. > And from Him all herbs, the essence, too, > Whereby that Inner Soul (\_antarātman\_) dwells in beings. > — Robert Ernest Hume 1921, The Thirteen Principal Upanishads ### [2.1.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka.2.1.10) puruṣa evedaṃ viśvaṃ karma tapo brahma parāmṛtam. etad yo veda nihitaṃ guhāyāṃ so 'vidyāgranthiṃ vikiratīha somya. > 10. The Person (Purusha) himself is everything here: > Work (\_karman\_) and austerity (\_tapas\_) and Brahma, beyond death. > He who knows That, set in the secret place \[of the heart\]— > He here on earth, my friend, rends asunder the knot of ignorance. > — Robert Ernest Hume 1921, The Thirteen Principal Upanishads ## Translations (2) - [The Thirteen Principal Upanishads](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka~en-hume.2.1.p2) — Robert Ernest Hume 1921, English - [The Upanishads, Part II (SBE 15)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka~en-muller.2.1.1) — Friedrich Max Müller 1884, English ## Commentaries (4) - [Muṇḍakopaniṣadbhāṣya](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka!sankara.3.p2) — Śaṅkara, Sanskrit - [Muṇḍakaprakāśikā (Raṅgarāmānuja)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka!rangaramanuja.2.1.1.p1) — Raṅgarāmānuja Muni 1500, Sanskrit - [Padapāṭha (sandhi-resolved text, TITUS)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka!padapatha.2.1.1) — Sanskrit - [Commentary of Upaniṣadbrahmayogin](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka!upanisadbrahmayogin.3.1) — Upaniṣadbrahmayogin 1700, Sanskrit ## Linked texts (6) - [Devībhāgavatapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.sakta.devibhagavata.7.33.48) — Sanskrit - [With Śaṅkara's bhāṣya (Sansknet input)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.vedanta.brahmasutra!sankara!ratnaprabha*withbhasya.1.102.3) — Sanskrit - [Śrībhāṣya (complete text)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.vedanta.brahmasutra!ramanuja*complete.2.2-76) — Sanskrit - [Nayamayūkhamālikā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.visistadvaita.nayamayukhamalika.1.4.24.p4) — Sanskrit - [Devīgītā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.upa.sakta.devibhagavata.devigita.3.48) — Sanskrit - [Sūtasaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda.sutasamhita.8.27) — Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka.2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.mundaka.2.1) · Pramāṇa