Brihaddevata 4.87.3

4.87.3

vibhūtimagnervāyośca jagati sthāsnujaṅgame .. 37 ..
haraṇaṃ raśmibhirvāro visargaṃ punareva ca .
karmānukīrtanaṃ cātra parjanyāgnivivasvatām .. 38 ..
mātāputrau tu vākprāṇau mātā vāgitaraḥ sutaḥ .
sarasvantamiti prāṇo vācaṃ prāhuḥ sarasvatīm .. 39 ..
śarīramindriyairyuktaṃ kṣetramityabhidhīyate .
veda tatprāṇa evaikas tasmātkṣetrajña ucyate .. 40 . .
medhe śakastasya dhūmaḥ salilaṃ vāsa eva vā .
soma ukṣā bhavantyasya pāvakāśca trayo'dhipāḥ .. 41 ..
gaurīrantaṃ vaiśvadevam upari syātpṛthakstutiḥ .
indraṃ mitramime sauryau saurī vāntyā sarasvate ..42..
sūktamalpastavaṃ tvetaj jñānameva praśaṃsati .
pravādabahulatvācca tataḥ salilamucyate .. 43 ..
mārutaindrastu saṃvādaḥ kayeti paramaḥ smṛtaḥ .
marutāmayujastvaindrayo yugmāḥ sarvāḥ sahāntyayā .. 44. .
ekādaśī prathamā ca mārutastṛca uttaraḥ .
tṛcasyaiva tu tatroktaṃ kartṛtvamitarasya tu .. 45..
itihāsaḥ purāvṛtta ṛṣibhiḥ parikīrtyate .
samāgacchanmarudbhistu caranvyomni śatakratuḥ .. 46..
dṛṣṭavā tuṣṭāva tānindras te cendramṛṣayo'bruvan .
teṣāmagastyaḥ saṃvādaṃ tapasā veda tattvataḥ .. 47..
sa tānabhijagāmāśu nirupyaindraṃ havistadā .
marutaścābhituṣṭāva sūktaistannviti ca tribhiḥ ..48...
mahaściditi caivendraṃ sahasramiti caitayā .
niruptaṃ taddhaviścaindraṃ marudbhyo dātumicchati .. 49..
vijñāyāvekṣya tadbhāvam indro neti tamabravīt .
na śvo nādyatanaṃ hyasti veda kastadyadadbhutam ..50 ..
kasyacittvarthasaṃcāre cittameva vinaśyati .
kiṃ na ityabravīdindram agastyo bhrātarastava .. 51 ..

136 Cp. a In ii. 51 Sarasvat is one of the names of the Middle Agni or Indra. Sarasvantam is here a quotation from the text of Rg-veda i. 164. 52 d: sarasvantam avase johavimi. ii. 51, where Sarasvati is identified with Vac in the same words. 40. The body joined with the organs of sense is designated ksetra. Prana alone knows it: hence he (Prana) is spoken of as 'he who knows the body' (ksetra-jna). ksetram hrbfk, ksatram m ' . - ksetrajna bfkr, ksetra hd. - The end of the varga is here marked by in hdm1bfk. 9. Rg-veda i. 164 (concluded). Rg-veda i. 165: Indra and the Maruts. B 41. Saka is (used) in (the sense of) cloud a; its dhuma is water b or garment c. The bull d is Soma; and the three lords e (adhipa) are his purifiers f. * Cp. c That is, as the e That meghe m'kr', medhe f, megha b, meghah 1. - dhumah 1, dhuma b, dhume m 2 fkr 2. - vasa, yasa f, Pra b, a k-f: m1br, ofcT fk.-41 and 42 are not found in hdr1r2 (r3 ?)rr 6. a This is meant as an explanation of sakamayam dhumam in Rg-veda i. 164. 43. Meghaduta 5: dhuma-jyotih-salila-marutam samnipatah meghah. envelope of the cloud; cp. op. cit. 61. d That is, in Rg-veda i. 164. 43°. is, the trayah kesinah in Rg-veda i. 164. 44. As the present varga contains eight slokas, the presumption is that three of them are later additions. That 41 is one of these is highly probable, because in the first place it has the general appearance of a gloss, and, secondly, because, after the consideration of the individual stanzas of Rg-veda i. 164 has been concluded, it refers back to an earlier stanza. B 42. That (part of i. 164) which ends with (the stanza) 'The buffalo' (gaurih: i. 164. 41) is addressed to the All-gods a; afterwards there may be (said to be) separate praise (prthak-stuti). The two (stanzas: 46, 47), 'Indra, Mitra' (indram mitram: i. 164. 46), are addressed to Surya b; the last (stanza) to Sarasvat (i. 164.52). may optionally (va) be addressed to Surya c. syat m'r, sya bfk.° stutih mbr, sruti, sruti k- me sauryo ', imau sauryo r, ime sauryo b, ame sauryo fk - sauri vantya mb, sauri cantya, sori caratya f, sauram caratya k. a Cp. Sarvanukramani: gaurir iti. . etad-antam vaisvadevam. kramani: indram mitram sauryau. s b Cp. SarvanuCp. Sarvanukramani: antya sarasvate suryaya va. This and the two preceding quotations show that this sloka was known to the author of the Sarvanukramani, and it must therefore belong to the original text of the Brihaddevata

i. 165 : A 43. Now this hymn contains little praise a it lauds knowledge. And because it contains many statements, water (salila) b is (also) mentioned (in it) c. alpastavam tvetaj rr±1 air°m', alpastavamtyetaj _hd. - jnanameva r' r 2 r 4 r°m', jnanamevam hd. r2 must in R's note on this line be a mistake for r3, for bfk, with which r2 regularly agrees, omit this sloka, while hr1rre, with which r3 otherwise agrees, have it. a The Sarvanukramani has the same words, alpastavam tv etat, adding atra prayena jnana-..-prasamsa ca. Hence 43 ab must have belonged to the original text. b Salilani occurs in i. 164. 41. The meaning is: it is not surprising that among its multifarious contents this statement should also occur. °43°d looks like a later addition. cd 44. (The hymn) 'With what?' (kaya: i. 165) is traditionally held to be the chief (parama) b dialogue of the Maruts and Indra. The odd (stanzas) are (the speech) of the Maruts c, all the even ones, including the last d, are Indra's, marutaindrastu fk, marutaivastu b, marutendrastu hdm' r. - paramah smrtah hm'r, paramastatah fkr2r3, q fa: b.- sarvah hmir, tatra bfkr". samhamtyaya b. - sahantyaya bm'r, sahatyaya dfk, b a Slokas 44-55 are translated by Sieg, Sagenstoffe, pp. 108 f. Sieg translates parama by 'following' ('das folgende Lied'); but para only (not parama) has this sense in the Brihaddevata, and, as far as I know, elsewhere also. The meaning appears to be that this is the most important dialogue in the Rg-veda between Indra and the Maruts, though there are other hymns of a similar character (e. g. i. 170). Cp. Sarvanukramani: trtiyadyayujo marutam vakyam. That is, the last of the dialogue, the twelfth stanza; the last three stanzas not being regarded as part of the dialogue, but as addressed by the seer to the Maruts (see next sloka). d C 45. (as well as) the eleventh and the first. The next triplet (i. 165. 13-15) is addressed to the Maruts. B But the authorship (kartrtvam) a of the triplet there b is attributed to anotherd. marutastrca hm`r, marutyastisra r' ', matyastisra b, marutastira fk.- uttarah hm±r 3, uttarah brºr 7, uttasah f, uttamah kr (ep. Sarvanukramani, antyastrcah ). a With kartrtvamarsakam cp. krtva= drstva in the obviously spurious line above, ii. 77 b At the end of Rg-veda i. 165. * The authority here vaguely indicated is probably the Arsanukramani, i. 25, 26, where the Rishi of the even stanzas is stated to be Indra, the seers of the odd ones (trtiyadyayujam) the Maruts, while Agastya is the seer II. T

That is, to one who is different of the last triplet (suktasyantye trce 'gastya rsih). from those of 1-12. I regard 45°d as a later supplementary addition, both on account of the wording (kartrtva) and because there was no special reason for mentioning the seer here in an index of deities. B 46. A story of ancient events (puravrtta) is (here) proclaimed by the seers a. Satakratu (Indra), while roaming in the sky, fell in with the Maruts b. - itihasa puravrtta b, itihasam puravrttam mfkr. Sieg, p. 108, note 8, gives itihasah as the reading of b. - parikirtyate m 'b, parikirttyaye f, parikirttaye k, parikathyate marudbhistu hm'r, marudbhisca bfkr 2 r". 1. * This line (46 ab), as an introduction to the story of the relation of Agastya to Indra and the Maruts in the series of hymns i. 165-178, may be a later addition, as the author of the Brihaddevata usually begins a story without any introduction, and, i. 165 having already been described as a dialogue, there is no special reason for any introduction. Thus four, or possibly five, lines (41, 43°, 45°, 46 ab) in this varga are, in all probability, later additions. With these deductions, the varga would still have a whole sloka, or half a sloka, beyond the normal number. b The text of 46 cd-54 has been printed by Oldenberg in Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft xxxix (1885), pp. 63, 64. 47. On seeing them Indra praised them, and they as seers addressed Indra. By the aid of austerity Agastya became fully (tattvatah) aware of their dialogue. - te caindram r±rr॰r', te vaindram hdm', te vendram b, taccemdram fk - veda hdm 'r, bodhi fr2ror, af bk (the former is probably the better reading; cp. faf at below 59).-tatvatah hdk, tattatah f, tattvatah, na tu tah b. 48. He quickly went to them after having prepared (nirupya) an oblation to Indra, and he praised the Maruts a also with the three hymns (i. 166-168) 'Now that' (tan nu: i. 166. 1). - niruyaindram hm', nirupyendra dr, nirupaidra fk, nirunyami b. afafa hdm'r3r 1 r 4 r 6, taditi fkr, vaditi b. - ca tribhih bfkr, tu tribhih rrr", pancabhih hm`r (Sarvanukramani: HT : hi three). The latter reading was probably caused by the syllable f dropping out and being wrongly replaced by .-The end of the varga is here marked by e in hbfk, not in dm3. a That is, with the last triplet of 165 as well as with the following three hymns.

49. And (with) Even from great' (mahas cit: i. 169) he (praised) Indra, and with the (stanza) 'A thousand' (sahasram: i. 167. 1) he a wishes to give the oblation which he had prepared (niruptam) for Indra to the Maruts b. - iti caivendram hm'r, ityanenendram b, ityanenendram r`r',', ityanenemdra fk.-sahasramiti caitaya hm`r, sahasram ta rca vyayam 1217, sahasram ta ruva vayam fb, sahasra ta ruva cayam k. - niruptam hm'r, niruptam f, nirupam b, niruktam k, nirupya (yaddhavih ) n. - duchati hdm'r, chatah fbrr 7 n, kr2.-Sieg, p. 109, note 2, prefers the reading :, but it is not clear to me how he would construe this genitive, as it cannot depend on the following tad-bhavam, which already contains a genitive in sense ('his intention'). cd a The four and a half slokas, 49-53, are quoted in the Nitimanjari on Rg-veda i. 170. 1. Cp. Nirukta i. 5: agastya indraya havir nirupya marudbhyah sampraditsam b cakara; sa indra etya paridevayam cakre. 50. Indra recognizing his intention (tad-bhavam) a said to him regarding (aveksya) it, 'Not' (na: i. 170. 1): 'there b is, indeed, not (anything for) to-morrow, nor for to-day: who knows that which has not been (adbhutam)' c? tadbhavam bfr±r'r', tanhavam k, taddhavyam hdm' 1. - indro Bhdm', vindro . - vit hdm'r, tato'bravit Ba. a b Cp. below, vi. 38: viditva tasya tam bhavam. 50ºd tamabra closely follows the wording of Rg-veda i. 170. 1: na nunam asti, no svah: kas tad veda yad adbhutam? cp. Nirukta i. 6, where nunam is explained by adyantanam, and svas by svastanam: see Roth, Erlauterungen, P. 6. Yaska, loc. cit., explains adbhutam by abhutam; cp. Oldenberg, op. cit., p. 61. C 51. 'But the intention itself (cittam eva) of any one, in the uncertainty of purpose (artha-samcare), comes to naught'a, Agastya (then) said to Indra, 'Why, us?' (kim nah: i. 170. 2); 'they (the Maruts) are thy brothers' b. kasyacittvarthasamcare rrr', kasyacinvarthasamcare b, kasyacitvarthasamsare fk, kasyacittvathasam- care 1, kasyacittvathasamsare m'hd (°tvatha ° hd), kasyacinnarthasamcaro 2, kasyacittarthasamcaro n(abgm), cp. Rg-veda 1. 170. 1, abhi samcarenyam . a 51 ab is a paraphrase of Rg-veda i. 170. 1 cd: kasya citanyasya, cittam eva cittam uta adhitam, arthasamcare=abhi samcarenyam, vinasyati=vi nasyati. In Nirukta i. 6 adhitam is explained by adhyatam = abhipretam. bhrataro marutas tava. b Bhrataras tava=Rg-veda i. 170. 2:

i. 164 8. Account of the contents of Rg-veda i. 164 (continued). 36. and knowledge of the soul (ksetra-jnana) a and the cow (dhenu)b, the buffalo (gauri) c, Vacd, Sarasvatie, and the ordinance (dharma) of former ages, the Sadhyas, and the troops of the gods f; - ksetrajnanam hdrb, ksetram jnanamh ', ksatrajnanam m' fkr. - gaurim hdr, gauri ml bfk - dharma purvayugiyam ca m'r, dharma purvayugau pamca hdr', dharmapurvayuganam ca bfkr' r' - sadhyan hdm'r, sadhyam b, sadhya fk.- devaganamsa hdm' r, devagana f, devaranam b, devarana k. aThis appears to be an abbreviated expression for ksetrajna-jnana; see below, iv. 40 and cp. ksetra-jna in the St. Petersburg Dictionary. The reference in the text is to i. 164. 16 ff., e. g. 18: manah kuto adhi prajatam? b Referred to by this name in i. 164. 26. • i. 164. 49. fi. 164. 50: devah ... dharmani prathamani.. purve sadhyah. ° i. 164. 41. d i. 164. 45. 37. and the various activities of Agni, Vayu, and Vivasvat (the Sun) a, and the mighty power (vibhuti) of Agni and Vayu in the stationary and moving world b; karmani ami ° bfk, karmani tvagni o hdr. - jagati bfkr' r', jagati hm' r. - sthastu0 br±r', sthasru ° fk, sthana ° hdm'r. b a In i. 164. 44: vapata ekah. . visvam eko abhi caste. . dhrajir ekasya dadrse na rupam. It is not clear what passage is here regarded as describing the powers of the two gods, Agni and Vayu, in contrast with those of the three, Agni, Vayu, and Vivasvat, in i. 164. 44; perhaps 47 is meant. 38. the taking (haranam) a of water (var) by the (Sun's) rays and its discharge again b. There is here also glorification of the activities of Parjanya, Agnic, and Vivasvat d (the Sun). rasmibhirviro bfkr±, rasmibhirviram r', rasmibhiscaiva hm`r. - visarga m' r, visargah hd, visarga b, visarpa fkr 2. - catra hdm' br, casya fkr 2 rr 7. a Cp. above, i. 68 b In i. 164. 51 ab: samanam etad udakam uc caity ava cahabhih. and ii. 19. (C) In i. 164. 51 cd. d In i. 164. 52. Prana is (meant 39. Now mother and son are Vac (Speech) and Prana (Breath): the mother is Vac, the son is the other (Prana). by) 'Sarasvata, while Vac they call Sarasvati b. k.-39 d= ii. 51 d. vakpranau hm`r, vakyanau bfk - prano hrrrrm', prana bfr, prana k. - 392 =

140 52. 'Agree with the Maruts a; slay us not, Satakratu' b. But in the (stanza) 'Why us, O brother?' (kim no bhratah: i. 170. 3) Indra reproached Manya c (Agastya). s samprakalpasva fkr 2 rn (cp. Rg-veda 1. 170.2, kalpasva ), samsrakalyasva b, samprakalpyasva hdm'r. - nah br±r°r 7 n, Rg-veda, nam f, na k, ca hdm' r. - iti tvasyam hm' rfk, iti nvasyam b, ityetasyam n. Marudbhih samprakalpasva; cp. Rg-veda i. 170. 2: tebhih kalpasva sadhuya. ma nah; cp. Rg-veda ibid.: ma nah samarane vadhih. occurs in Rg-veda i. 165. 14, 15. Cp. Sieg, p. 108, line 7. C b Vadhir Manya, as the name of the poet, 53. But Agastya in the (stanza) 'Ready' (aram: i. 170. 4) pacified the agitated (ksubdha) Indra. After propitiating him, he made over the oblation to them (the Maruts) a. n. - tvaramityasyam hm'rfk, tvaramitprityam b, tvaramapritya ksubdham hmir, ksudram b, kruddham fkr¨rºr 7 n.-prasamayat hmir, prasadayat br' r'n, prasadhayat 17, prasadayan fk (ep. Taittiriya Brahmana ii. 7. 11 on Rg-veda i. 165: tan.. kayasubhiyena asamayatam, and TMB. xxi. 14. 5: agastyo .. tena asamayat, quoted by Ludwig, vol. v, p. 498). Further passages in Sieg, pp. 110, III. - samvananam brn, savanam fk, samgamanam Am'. - The end of the varga is here marked by 90 in hdf, by 99 in b, not at all in m1k. - * The second line (53 cd) is probably meant to refer to the contents of Rg-veda i. 170. 5, though Indra is there invoked to taste the oblations, not the Maruts.