Brihaddevata 6.83

6.83.1

1- ṛgveda 7.50-66 ke devatā
ā māmiti tu sūktena pratyṛcaṃ devatā stutāḥ .
mitravaruṇāvagniśca devā nadyastathaiva ca .. 1 ..
tṛcāvādityadevatyau rodasyoḥ preti yastṛcaḥ .
vāstoṣpatyaścatasrastu sapta prasvāpinyaḥ smṛtāḥ .. 2 ..
paraṃ catvāri sūktāni mārutāni ka īmiti .
teṣāṃ tu pitaraṃ devaṃ tryambakaṃ stautyṛguttamā .. 3 ..
stutau tu mitrāvaruṇau sūktairyaditi saptabhiḥ .
aśvinau tu parairdevāv aṣṭabhiḥ prati vāmiti .. 4 ..
yadadyaikotsūryastisra udvetītyardhapañcamāḥ .
sauryastaccakṣuriti tu gīyate cakṣurdevatā .. 5 ..
2-ṛgveda 7.66-85 ke devatā
ādityānāṃ tadvo adya dve ṛcau śaunako'bravīt .
anyāḥ sarvā ṛcaḥ sauryo yadadyādyāḥ prakīrtitāḥ .. 6 ..
ime cetāra ityādyāḥ satre mitro mitaḥ stutaḥ .
aryamṇo varuṇasyāpi mitrasyaitā nava smṛtāḥ .. 7 ..
yadadya sūra ityādyā daśādityā ṛcaḥ smṛtāḥ .
savitā vāditirmitro varuṇaścāryamā bhagaḥ .. 8 ..
stutā udu tyadityetās tisraḥ sauryastataḥ parāḥ .
āśīstaccakṣurityetām ācāryaḥ śaunako'bravīt .. 9 ..
uṣāstu saptabhirvyuṣāḥ sūktānyebhyaḥ parāṇi tu .
catvārīndrāvaruṇeti indrāvaruṇayo stutiḥ .. 10 ..
3-vasiṣṭha kṣīra varuṇa kā kuttā ḥ ṛgveda 7.86-89
udu jyotiriti tvasminn ardharce madhyama stutaḥ .
varuṇasya gṛhānnātrau vasiṣṭhaḥ svapna ācarat .. 11 ..
prāviveśātha taṃ tatra śvā nadannabhyadhāvata .
krandantaṃ sārameyaṃ sa dhāvantaṃ daṣṭusudyatam .. 12 ..
yadarjuneti ca dvābhyāṃ sāntvayitvā vyasuṣvapat .
sa taṃ prasvāpayāmāsa janamanyaṃ ca vāruṇam .. 13 ..
tatastu varuṇo rājā svaiḥ pāśaiḥ pratyabadhyata .

1. Now with the hymn Guard me' (a mam: vii. 50) the deities are praised in successive stanzas: B Mitra-Varuna (1), and Agni (2), the (All)-gods (3), as well as the Rivers (4). m'r, fb, kod is not found in A, but only in B and m1. It must be original as the detailed statement of the Sarvanukramani is founded on it: a mam: maitravaruny, agneyi, vaisvadevi, nadistutih. 2. Two triplets (vii. 51, 52) have the Adityas for their deities. The triplet which (begins) Forth' (pra: vii. 53. 1-3) is to the Two Worlds (rodasi). There are (then) four (stanzas: vii. 54. 1-3, 55. 1) addressed to Vastospati; the seven (following: vii. 55. 2-8) are traditionally held to be lullaby stanzas a. - °devatyau bfkdr, °devatyo m', 'daivatyau h. vastospatyas hd, vastospatyahs b, vastospatyas ', vastospatim ik. - catasrastu Am', catasrasca fkr, catasa syuh b. - prasvapanya rcah smrtah B (prasvapanyo mrcah b, prasvapatyo mrca f, pasvapatyo mrcah k, praskhapinya rcah r ), tvastau prasvapini smrtah A ( pani smrtah 12 13 14 19, °pini smrtah hd), sapta prasvapini smrtah m. 3 Cp. Sarvanukramani on vii. 55: astau: vastospatyadya.. Sesah prasvapinya upanisat. The reading of B is too vague, 'there are stanzas traditionally held to be lullabies,' while the reading of A would include the first stanza, eight are traditionally held to be a lullaby.' The reading of m1 alone gives the correct sense clearly: 'seven are traditionally held to be a lullaby.' perhaps dropped out owing to the following syllables, being then supplied in A and in B.-In Rgvidhana ii. 26. 5 this hymn is described as prasvapanam. 3. After this there are four hymns addressed to the Maruts (beginning) 'Who, pray?' (ka im: vii. 56-59); the last stanza of these (vii. 59. 12) praises Tryambaka a, the divine father. param Am', tatah B. a There is no mention of Tryambaka in the Sarvanukramani, which describes this stanza as raudri mrtyuvimocuni. 4. With the seven hymns beginning 'When' (yat: vii. 60-66) Mitra-Varuna are praised; but with the following eight (beginning) 'To meet your' (prati vam: vii. 67-74) the divine Asvins. stutau tu br, stutau mu fk, stutau tau hm'. - parair Am', stutau B.

212 5. (In) 'When to-day' (yad adya: vii. 60) one (1), (in) 'Aloft the sun' (ut suryah: vii. 62) three (1-3), (in) 'Aloft he goes' (ud veti: vii. 63) four and a half (1-5 ab) are addressed to Surya, while (in) 'That eye' (tac caksuh: vii. 66. 16) a the eye (of the sun) is sung as the deity. yadadyaikotsuryastisra hm bfk (yadyadai ° fk), yadadyotsurya iti tisra . - sauryas hdm', saurya 1, tadvattu bfr±rr 7, tadvatu . - iti tu hdr, iti (no tu ) bfkrr°r 7 m e.-The end of the varga is here marked by 9 in m'bfk, not in hd. There is no statement about this stanza in the Sarvanukramani. Cp. below (9).

6. Saunaka has stated that the two stanzas 'Thus of you to-day' (tad vo adya: vii. 66. 12, 13) belong to the Adityas, while all the other stanzas, ' When to-day' (yad adya: vii. 66. 4-11) and the rest, are proclaimed (by him) a to be addressed to Surya. . anyah sarva rcah sauyi br, apatya savi rcah sarya fk, apatya rcah sarvasta m 1 (the plural of would be more consistent with 5 and 9 than that of TT).-This and the following three slokas (6-9) are found in B and m1 only. a Cp. below (8), where it is stated that these stanzas are traditionally held to be addressed to the Adityas.' " B 7. These chastisers' (ime cetarah vii. 60. 5) and the rest... these nine are traditionally held to belong to Aryaman, Mitra, and Varuna. ime cetara fkm'r, ime cetaram b. - Of the second pada consisting probably of pratikas only, I have been able to make nothing. The readings of the MSS. are as follows: satte mitro f, sa te mitro k, sa tenta mitro b, satre mitro, rte mitro m' - mitrastu tat m' bfk, mitah stutah r. B 8. The ten stanzas beginning When to-day the sun's' (yad adya surah: vii. 66. 4-13) are traditionally held to be addressed to the Adityas; or else Savitr, Aditi, Mitra, Varuna, Aryaman, Bhaga vaditir m bfkr 2 r', caditir r (=r'). B 9. are praised. The three stanzas which then follow, 'Aloft that' (ud u tyat: vii. 66. 14-16), are addressed to Surya. The teacher Saunaka has stated the stanza 'That eye' (tac caksuh: vii. 66. 16) to be a prayer a.

vii. 85 a That these two slokas (8, 9) belonged to the original text is supported by the fact that the wording of the Sarvanukramani is clearly based on them: Brihaddevata yad adya sura ityadya dasadityah, Sarvanukramani caturthyadya dasadityah; and both have tisrah sauryah. 10. Now Dawn (is praised) with the seven (hymns) 'Forth the Dawn' (vy usah: vii. 75-81); but the four hymns following these, 'O Indra and Varuna' (indravaruna: vii. 82-85), are (in) praise of Indra-Varuna. ebhyah m±rbfk, ebhih hd. - 0dravaruneti Am', 'dravarunyati b, 'dravarunani r; the whole line is catvarimdrovanyo stutih in f, catvarimdro khutih in k. - The end of the varga is here marked by 2 in bfk, not in hdm1.

Rg-veda vii. 86-89. B 11. In the hemistich Aloft the light' (ud u jyotih vii. 76. 1 ab) the Middle (Agni) is praised. During a the night Vasistha in a dream b approached the house of Varuna c. - 11 ab is not found in A or m', but only in B. - svapna acarat hm'r, svapnamacarat fkn(cgh), svapnamacaran bn(am)s, svapnavaccarat n (b), cauryamacarat 15. a b c 11 ed-15 ab are quoted in the Nitimanjari on Rg-veda vii. 55. 2; and 11 cd-13 in Sayana on Rg-veda vii. 55-3 See Vedische Studien, ii, p. 56 (cp. 55). Cp. Rg-veda vii. 86. 6: svapnas caned anrtasya prayota; and vii. 88. 5: brhantam manam, varuna, . . sahasradvaram jagama grham te. 12, 13. He then entered. A dog there ran at him, barking. B Pacifying the hound which was making a din and running (up) with intent to bite, he lulled him to sleep a (vyasusvapat) with the two (stanzas) When, O bright one' (yad arjuna: vii. 55. 2, 3). ( He sent him b as well as the other attendants of Varuna to sleep c. tam tatra bfkrns, tam tvatra hd, tvam tatra m' - 0bhyadhavata Am', °bhyavartata Bns. - 12 d and 13 ab are not found in A, but in B and m1 only. - m1n (h)s, fk, b drastum rn. - 13. dvabhyam m bfks, tribhih rn. - vyasusvapat m' bfr, vyasupyayat k, vyasusupat n, hyasusupat s. - sa tam Am', evam Bns. - prakhapayamasa bfra, prasrapayamasa k, prasthapa- yamasa hdm's. - -

The anomalous form vyasusvapat is evidently based on the refrain of Rg-veda vii. 55. 2-4, ni su svapa. I was therefore tempted to make the emendation nyasusvapat. The reading of B evam connects 13 ed with 13 ab, that of A sa tam, 13 Cp. Vedische Studien, ii, p. 56, note 2. b C cd cd with 12 ab 14, 15. Then king Varuna bound a him with his fetters. Bound (thus) he (Vasistha) praised his father (Varuna) with the next (itah) b following four (hymns) 'The wise' (dhira: vii. 86-89). Then his father released him. A As soon as the (stanza) Thee in the fixed' (dhruvasu tva: vii. 88. 7) had been uttered, the fetters dropped (pramocire)c from him. svaih pasaih pratyabadhyata Am' (prati om ' ), svanpasanpratyamuncata Bn. - sa baddha hm/rfkn, sa buddha r r 4 r, sa budhva b. - bhirita hdr, •bhirata bfk. 15. tatah pita hm bf, vadhah pita k, tathantyaya n. - 15°d is the reading of Am'; instead of it, but after 14 ab, Bm1 read: baddhah sa ' varunaih pasairdhruvasu tveti ' drsyate | ± 2 ',', duvastutveti b, rcastutveti fk. 1 frrr 7, vaddhai sa k, tadvah sa b. Both forms of the line are omitted in n.-The end of the varga is here marked by 3 in m', after 15 ab (pita) in bfk (as the B form of 15 cd comes before 15 ab), not at all in hd. 0 a Here the root bandh is conjugated as an Atmanepada of the fourth class; cp. v. 134 and vi. 23 (duhyati in A). b That is, after the group 82-85 mentioned in 10. The anomalous form pramocire must be meant for the 3. plur. perfect passive (by false analogy from forms like pecire). The whole line has been adapted from Rg-veda vii. 88. 7: dhruvasu tva asu ksitisu ksiyanto vy asmat pasam varuno mumocat. The reading of B would mean: 'In the stanza dhruvasu tva he appears bound with the fetters of Varuna.'

6.83.2

sa baddhaḥ pitaraṃ sūktaiś caturbhirita uttaraiḥ .. 14 ..
abhituṣṭāva dhīreti mumocairna tataḥ pitā .
dhruvāsu tveti coktāyāṃ pāśā asmātpramocire .. 15 ..
4-ṛgveda 7.90-96 ke devatā .
parāṇi trīṇi saktāni vāyavyāni pra vīrayā .
atra tāstvaindravāyavyā stutau yāsu dvivatstutiḥ .. 16 ..
pra vīrayoktā vāyavyā prāugītyaitareyake .
padasya vyatyayaṃ kṛtvā vāyoḥ prādhānyamucyate .. 17 ..
te satyena tṛco yāvat taraścaturṛcaḥ punaḥ .
uśantaikā pra sotā carga dvayoretā nava smṛtāḥ .. 18 ..
endrāgne śucimityete preti sārasvate pare .
ṛcā sarasvān sa iti janīyantaśca tisṛbhiḥ .. 19 ..
5-nāhuṣaaura sarasvatītī kī kathā ḥ ṛgveda 7.95-96
rājā varṣasahasrāya dīkṣiṣyannāhuṣaḥ purā .
cacāraikarathenemāṃ bruvan sarvāḥ samudragāḥ .. 20 ..
yakṣye vahata bhāgānme dvandvaśo vāthavaikaśaḥ .
pratyūcustaṃ nṛpaṃ nadyaḥ svalpavīryāḥ kathaṃ vayam .. 21 ..
vahema bhāgātsarvāṃste satre vāryasahasrike .
sarasvatīṃ prapadyasva sā te vakṣyati nāhuṣa .. 22 ..
tathetyuktvā jagāmāśu āpagāṃ sa sarasvatīm .
sā cainaṃ pratijagrāha duduhe ca payo ghṛtam .. 23 ..
etadatyadbhutaṃ karma sarasvatyā nṛpaṃ prati .
vāruṇiḥ kīrtayāmāsa prathamasya dvitīyayā .. 24 ..
6-ṛgveda 7. 97-104 ke devatā .
yajñe bārhaspatyamaindraṃ vaiṣṇave tu pare tataḥ .
urumaindryaśca tisraḥ syuḥ pārjanye tisra uttare .. 25 ..
stautīndraṃ prathamā tvatra dvitīyādyā bṛhaspatim .
yajña ādyendramevāstaud antyā tvindrābṛhaspatī ..26..
tṛtīyā navamī caiva stautīndrābrahmaṇaspati .
saṃvatsaraṃ tu maṇḍūkān aindrāsomaṃ paraṃ tu yat .. 27 ..

16. The next three hymns, Forth with longing for the heroes' (pra viraya: vii. 90-92), are addressed to Vayu. Now in this praise those (stanzas) are addressed to Indra-Vayu in which there is praise in the dual (dvivat) a. tastvai॰ Am', tascai ° B. - vayavyah stuti m' r' rrr', 'vayavyah stuto hd, 'vaya- vyah rco r, ॰vayavya bhavo bfk - yasu hm`r, yastu "r',', yasta fk, yatsu b. See Sarvanukramani on Rg-veda vii. 90: aindryas ca ya dvivad uktah; cp. also Sadgurusisya.

vii. 96 90. 1) B 17. Forth with longing for the heroes' (pra viraya: vii. is spoken of in the Aitareya (Brahmana) a as a stanza addressed to Vayu belonging to the Prauga litany (praagi): the predominance of Vayu is (thereby) expressed in contravention (vyatyayam krtva) of one of its verses (pada) b. vayavya m'bfk, vayavyah 1. - praugi ° mr, pranugi0 b, prasugi0 fkr". That is, Aitareya Brahmana v. 20. 9. That is, the first pada of vii. 90. I contains the dual form vam, so that judged by this the whole stanza would be addressed to Indra as well as Vayu. B 18. 'These with true' (te satyena: vii. 90. 5-7) being a triplet, 'As long as strength' (yavat tarah: vii. 91. 4-7), again, being a quatrain, 'Eager' (usanta: vii. 91. 2), being one, and the stanza Forth the presser' (pra sota: vii. 92. 2)-these are traditionally held to be the nine (stanzas) belonging to the two (Indra-Vayu) a. - pra sota carga br, pra sota car , pra sota ca m k. - The words eta nava smrtah occur above, vi. 7.-17, 18 are not found in A, but in B and m1 only. a The details given in this sloka are not mentioned in the Sarvanukramani. 19. The two (hymns) 'The pure' (sucim: vii. 93,94) are addressed to Indra-Agni; the two following, 'Forth' (pra: vii. 95, 96), are addressed to Sarasvati. Sarasvat (is praised) with the stanza 'He' (sah: vii. 95. 3) and with the three 'Longing for wives' (janiyantah: vii. 96. 4-6). dvrce sarasvansa iti B (dvrce bfkr', dveca r' r'), stutascaiva sarasvamstu Am'. I have preferred the reading of B (with the emendation for T) because it is supported parastisro gayatryah by the Sarvanukramani on Rg-veda vii. 95, 96: gate area sarakhate .- . -ca tisrbhih hdr 3, catasrbhih m' r' r' r', caturrcaih, caturbheve b, caturbhave fk The end of the varga is here marked by 8 in bfk, not in hdm2.

Rg-veda vii. 95, 96. 20. King Nahusa a in former days wishing to consecrate himself for a thousand years, travelled over this (earth) with a single chariot, saying to all streams:

varsasahasraya hm'r'B, varsasahasrani fk.-bruvan 1, bruvamt hd, bruvat fk, kravan b. r. - [216 - ° rathenemam hdr, °ratheneman b, ° rathena ma * The story of Nahusa and Sarasvati is briefly referred to by Sayana on Rg-veda vii. 95. 2. 21. 'I am about to offer sacrifice; bring me shares (for it), either in pairs or singly.' The rivers replied to the king: How can we, who have but very little power, vahata br", hata fk, pahata 111, vahatha hdmr 3 - bhaganme hdmr 3, mam sarvvi 111, ma sarvi fk, mah sarvah 15, mah sarvvi b. - vathavekasah Am' r 2, pyathavaikasah b, thathavaikasa fk (°sa k), vapyanekasah 1. - nadyah svalpa ° hm bfk, nadyascalpa ° r. 22. bring you all the shares for a sacrificial session lasting a thousand years? Resort to the Sarasvati: she will bring them for you, Nahusa.' - bhagansaviste hdm', bhogansaviste, sarvanbhogamste bfk - satre all MSS. and r.- varsasahasrike hdm±rb, varsasahasrake 12', varse sahasrake fk - te B, tva A. - nahusa m'r, nahusah hdf, nahutah k, nyadyuhsah b. 23. Saying 'So be it,' he quickly went to the river Sarasvati; and she received him and yielded (duduhe) (him) milk (and) ghee. jagamasu Am', jagamatha B. - apagam 4, pavanim B (b, onam fkm'). - sarasvatim all but m', which has samudragam . - 23 ed is the reading of B; pratijagraha sa cainam payah affa is that of Am1. I have preferred the former as it more closely follows the words of Rg-veda vii. 95. 2 : ghrtam payo duduhe nahusaya . 24. This exceedingly marvellous act of the Sarasvati towards the king, the son of Varuna (Vasistha) proclaimed with the second (stanza) of the first (of the two hymns, viz. vii. 95. 2). No MS. marks the end of the varga; but that it ends here is indicated by the fact that the figure u is in b placed after 26 ab, which in that MS. by mistake ends similarly, viz. prathamasya trtiyaya (see critical note on 26).

25. 'In the sacrifice' (yajne: vii. 97) is addressed to Brhaspati; (then comes) a (hymn) addressed to Indra (vii. 98); but the two following (99, 100) after that are addressed to Visnu, and the

The anomalous form vyasusvapat is evidently based on the refrain of Rg-veda vii. 55. 2-4, ni su svapa. I was therefore tempted to make the emendation nyasusvapat. The reading of B evam connects 13 ed with 13 ab, that of A sa tam, 13 Cp. Vedische Studien, ii, p. 56, note 2. b C cd cd with 12 ab 14, 15. Then king Varuna bound a him with his fetters. Bound (thus) he (Vasistha) praised his father (Varuna) with the next (itah) b following four (hymns) 'The wise' (dhira: vii. 86-89). Then his father released him. A As soon as the (stanza) Thee in the fixed' (dhruvasu tva: vii. 88. 7) had been uttered, the fetters dropped (pramocire)c from him. svaih pasaih pratyabadhyata Am' (prati om ' ), svanpasanpratyamuncata Bn. - sa baddha hm/rfkn, sa buddha r r 4 r, sa budhva b. - bhirita hdr, •bhirata bfk. 15. tatah pita hm bf, vadhah pita k, tathantyaya n. - 15°d is the reading of Am'; instead of it, but after 14 ab, Bm1 read: baddhah sa ' varunaih pasairdhruvasu tveti ' drsyate | ± 2 ',', duvastutveti b, rcastutveti fk. 1 frrr 7, vaddhai sa k, tadvah sa b. Both forms of the line are omitted in n.-The end of the varga is here marked by 3 in m', after 15 ab (pita) in bfk (as the B form of 15 cd comes before 15 ab), not at all in hd. 0 a Here the root bandh is conjugated as an Atmanepada of the fourth class; cp. v. 134 and vi. 23 (duhyati in A). b That is, after the group 82-85 mentioned in 10. The anomalous form pramocire must be meant for the 3. plur. perfect passive (by false analogy from forms like pecire). The whole line has been adapted from Rg-veda vii. 88. 7: dhruvasu tva asu ksitisu ksiyanto vy asmat pasam varuno mumocat. The reading of B would mean: 'In the stanza dhruvasu tva he appears bound with the fetters of Varuna.'

vii. 104 three (stanzas) 'Wide' (urum: vii. 99. 4-6) should be (regarded as) addressed to Indra as well. The two next (hymns) Three' (tisrah: 101, 102) are addressed to Parjanya. ' yajne barhaspatyamaindram hmir", yaga bahaspakemdram ca f, yaga vahaspakemdram ca k, varhaspatyamemdram ca b (no yajne ), dve varhaspatye aindre ca , aindre yajne divah sukte rrr'. - tu pare tatah Am', ca tatah pare B. - urumaindradryasca hm (uramityaindrayanca S), uttamaindradyasca 1, uttamaindrasca bk, uttamai- drasca f. - tisrah syuh br, tisra sya, tisrasca hdmk. r, A 26. Now the first (stanza) here a (vii. 97. 1) praises Indra, the second and the rest (2, 4-8) (praise) Brhaspati. B In 'At the sacrifice' (yajne: vii. 97) the first (stanza) praised Indra alone, but the last both Indra and Brhaspati. is the reading of Am1; instead of this line B has: asirrk prathama tatra prathamasya trtiyaya | r, asirbhava m' f, asi bhava k, asi b. The first pada here is probably a corruption of 26" (the last five syllables being practically identical), while the second seems to be due to a confusion with 24 d. 26 cd is not found in A, but in B and m1 only. 26 is redundant, as stanzas 2, 4-8 would already be addressed to Brhaspati by 25"; while 26° repeats the statement of 26"; on the other hand 26 d is necessary to the sense (cp. Sarvanukramani). The original reading of 26 thus seems certainly to have consisted of the single line: QUAT tvatra antya tvindrabrspati | cp. Sarvanukramani on vii. 97 : yajne .. aidryadi barhaspa- tyamanyaindri ca . 27. The third and the ninth (vii. 97. 3, 9) praise Indra and Brahmanaspati. (The hymn) a For a year' (samvatsaram: vii. 103) (praises) the frogs; but that which follows (vii. 104) is addressed to Indra-Soma. stautindra ° Am', sahendra ° B.- -mandukan bfkSs, manukan m', manduka r 2 r 6 x 7, r2r3r 7, HA. I have preferred the former reading as being supported by the Sarvanukramani: mandukamstustava . a ab 27 and 28 are quoted by Sayana in his introduction to Rg-veda vii. 104. 28. The seer, when his hundred sons had been slain by the followers of Sudas, full of pain and overwhelmed with grief for his sons, saw (this hymn) for the destruction of demons a II. Ff

6.83.3

ṛṣirdadarśa rākṣoghnaṃ putraśokapariplutaḥ .
hate putraśate tasmin saudāsairduḥkhitastadā .. 28 ..
7-ṛgveda 7. 104 kā vistṛta vivaraṇa .
ye pākaśaṃsamṛksaumyā āgneyī tat uttarā .
ekādaśī vaiśvadevī saumyastasyāḥ paro dvṛcaḥ .. 29 ..
yadi vāhamṛgāgneyī aindrī yo meti tu smṛtā .
grāvṇī pra yā jigātoti vi tiṣṭhadhvaṃ tu mārutī ..30..
pra vartayeti pañcendrya pendrāsomī tvṛguttamā .
ṛṣistvāśiṣamāśāste mā no rakṣa iti tvṛci ..3 1..
divi caiva pṛthivyāṃ ca tathā pālanamātmanaḥ .
ulūkayātuṃ jahyetān nānārūpānniśācarān ..32..
pañcadaśyāṃ tu sūktasya aṣṭamyāṃ caiva vāruṇiḥ .
duḥkhaśokaparītātmā śapate vilapanniva .. 33 ..
hate putraśate tasmin vasiṣṭho duḥkhitastadā .
rakṣobhūtena śāpāttu sudāseneti vai śrutiḥ .. 34..
aṣṭama maṇḍala
8-kaṇva śrī- pragātha kī kathā
kaṇvaścaiva pragāthaśca ghoraputrau babhūvatuḥ .
guruṇā tāvanujñātāv ūṣatuḥ sahitau vane .. 35 ..
vasatostu tayostatra kaṇvapatnyā śiraḥ svapat .
kṛtvā kanīyānkaṇvasya utsaṅge nānvabudhyata .. 36 ..
śaptukāmastu taṃ kaṇvaḥ kruddhaḥ pāpābhiśaṅkayā .
bodhayāmāsa pādena didhakṣanniva tejasā .. 37 ..
viditvā tasya taṃ bhāvaṃ pragāthaḥ prāñjali sthitaḥ .
mātṛtve ca pitṛtve ca varayāmāsa tāvubhau .. 38 ..
sa ghauro vātha kāṇvo vā vaṃśajairbahubhiḥ saha .
dadarśānyaiśca sahita ṛṣirmaṇḍalamaṣṭamam .. 39 ..
9-ṛgveda 8.1-21 ke devatā
mācidaindrāṇi catvāri anvasya sthūramityṛci .
tuṣṭāvāṅgirasī nārī vasantī śāśvatī patim .. 40 ..
striyaṃ santaṃ pumāṃsaṃ tam āsaṅgaṃ kṛtavānṛṣiḥ .
svasya dānaṃ stuhītyṛgbhiś caturbhiḥ parikīrtitam ..41..

29. The stanza 'Who the simple' (ye pakasamsam: vii. 104. 9) is addressed to Soma; the next (10) after that is addressed to Agni; the eleventh is addressed to the All-gods (11); the couplet which follows it (12, 13) is addressed to Soma. agneyi ml dr, sameyi h, greyi b, neya fk. 30. The stanza 'As if I' (yadi vaham: vii. 104. 14) is addressed to Agni, while Who me' (yo ma: 16) is traditionally held to be addressed to Indra; 'She who strides forth' (pra ya jigati: 17) is addressed to the pressing stones, while 'Spread out' (vi tisthadhvam: 18) is addressed to the Maruts. aindri yo meti tu smrta hmir, yo metindra stuto dvayoh bk, yo metimdrastatau dvayoh f, yo metindrah stuto'rddhaya r' r' - gravni hdm' r, varapri b, varatri f, varitri k. - 31. Five (stanzas, beginning) Hurl forth' (pra vartaya: vii. 104. 19-22, 24) are addressed to Indra, while the last stanza is addressed to Indra-Soma. In the stanza 'May not the demon us' (ma no raksas: 23) the seer invokes a blessing a •somi tyrgu ° hm', 'somityrgu, °somo tvagu ° f, somi nvrgu ° b, °somi gu ° . - tvasisam bkr, tvasisa hdm'. tvrci hdr, tyrci bfk, dvrce r rtr.. a I have preferred the reading asisam to asisah because it is supported by the Sarvanukramani on Rg-veda vii. 104: pra vartayeti pancaindryo ma no raksa ity rser atmana asih. 32. and protection in heaven and earth on his own behalf. 'The owl-fiend' (ulukayatum: vii. 104. 22) (prays) 'Slay these night-walkers of various forms' a. divi caiva hdm', divascaiva br, divisveva fk - prthivyam ca hdm', prthivyasca br, prthivyosca fk - palanam m' bkr, pakrtam hd. - ulukayatum rs (and Rg-veda vii. 104. 22),

viii. I ulukayatu all the MSS. ( °yantu 17) except r'. This sloka is omitted in r' r' r' according to R, p. 163, note 8, but this statement contradicts his preceding note 8. & 320 d is quoted by Sayana on Rg-veda vii. 104. 22, who adds a line which is not found in any of the MSS. of the Brihaddevata 33. Now in the fifteenth and in the eighth ( stanza) of the hymn the son of Varuna (Vasistha), while as it were lamenting, his soul being overwhelmed with pain and grief, utters a curse. suktasya astamyam hd, (°sya ) astamyam rrr 4 r', suktasyastamyam mfk, suktasyaprgbhyam b, suktasyathastamyam 1. 34. Vasistha was at that time pained, as his hundred sons had been slain by Sudasa a who, in consequence of a curse, had been transformed into a demon (raksas); such is the sacred tradition. tasmin hdr, nasmin m', kruddhah B. - vasistho hdm'r, saudasair b, saudaser f, saudase k.-duhkhitastada hrbfk, duhkhitah sada m. 349 b = 28 ed (cp. various reading there).-vai srutih Am', nah srutam B. - The end of the varga is here marked by 3 in bfk, not in dm'. a For Sudas, as above, iv. 106, 112.

Mandala viii. ab 8. Story of Kanva and Pragatha. 35. a Kanva and Pragatha were two sons of Ghora. When they had been dismissed by their preceptor they dwelt together in the forest. ॰jnatavusatuh hdr, °jna osatuh b, °jata usetuh fk. It would have been more consistent to print °jnata usatuh (cp. iv. 96° and note (C)). a The following four slokas (35-38) are quoted by the Nitimanjari on Rg-veda viii. 1. Sadgurusisya (p. 136 f.) gives a metrical form of the story which is differently worded. 36. Now while these two dwelt there the younger (brother) of Kanva (i.e. Pragatha), having placed his head while asleep (svapat) a on the lap of Kanva's wife, did not awake. - kanvapatnyah rn, kanvah patnyah fk, kanvapatnya b, kanvapatnyam hdm' . - svapat hdm 1 r 3 fr±n, svayat k, (siro ) svapat n, sramat rrr˚, svapan br. - kanvasyotsamge hm', kanva - syatsamge d, kanvasamge b, kanva stutsamge f, kanva stutsamge k, kanvastu utsamge n, kanvasturutsange r±rur', kanvasyorutsangav _r.- - nanvabudhyata hdm' (°ta d), navabudhyata 11 r 4 rn, nanvayu- dhyata b, na tvambudhyata f, na tvabudhyata 117, na tvamvudhyat k. 46

The MS. evidence for t, that is for the neuter participle agreeing with siras, is overwhelming, though svapan would be more natural. 37. Now Kanva, enraged by suspicion of a sin (and) wishing to curse him, awakened him with his foot, as though about to consume him with his fiery energy. saptukamastu hrbfk, hantukamastu n. - - papabhisankaya hm rb, papatisamkaya, prapyatisamkaya k, patitasamkaya - bodhayamasa hdrn, vovayamasa b, yojayamasa fk.-didhaksanniva m'rn, didhrksanniva hd, vidhatunniva , vidhatunrva k, divacunniva b. - 38. Pragatha, becoming aware of his intention a, stood with folded hands and chose the couple for his mother and father. tam bhavam hrb, tam bha d, bhavam tam fk - pragathah hdrk, prathamah b. - pramjali sthitah bk, prajali sthitah f, pranjalih sthitah hdr. a Cp. above, iv. 50, 59. 39. The seer, being (thus) the son of either Ghora or Kanva a, saw, in company with many other members of his family, the eighth Mandala. - ghauro hm'r, ghorau bfk, ghoro rrrr. kanvo hdf, kakhau b, karavi k, kanvo mr. - bahubhih saha hdmb, bahuci saha fk, bahubhih pituh - sahita rsir hdm±r (°tah r), sahitah sakhi b, sadirrिsi f, saditirisi k. - The end of the varga is here marked by in bfk, not in hd. a r.Cp. Sarvanukramani on Rg-veda viii. I sa ghaurah san bhratuh kanvasya putratam agat; Arsanukramani viii. 3: pragatho ghorajo munih, sa hi ghorasya kanvasya bhrata san putratam gatah.

40. There are four hymns addressed to Indra (beginning) 'Not at all' (ma cit: viii. 1-4) in the stanza 'Downward his mighty' (anv asya sthuram: viii. 1. 34), Sasvati, daughter of Angiras, living (vasanti) a as his wife (nari) b, praised her husband c. b vasanti hdm' 1, vasamtau kr", vasatau bfr. a That is, living with him as his wife, though he had been turned into a woman. On Sasvati and nari, see above, ii. 83 and note. s Cp. Sarvanukramani: patni casya angirasi sasvati pumstvam upalabhya enam prita antyaya tustava.

vii. 104 three (stanzas) 'Wide' (urum: vii. 99. 4-6) should be (regarded as) addressed to Indra as well. The two next (hymns) Three' (tisrah: 101, 102) are addressed to Parjanya. ' yajne barhaspatyamaindram hmir", yaga bahaspakemdram ca f, yaga vahaspakemdram ca k, varhaspatyamemdram ca b (no yajne ), dve varhaspatye aindre ca , aindre yajne divah sukte rrr'. - tu pare tatah Am', ca tatah pare B. - urumaindradryasca hm (uramityaindrayanca S), uttamaindradyasca 1, uttamaindrasca bk, uttamai- drasca f. - tisrah syuh br, tisra sya, tisrasca hdmk. r, A 26. Now the first (stanza) here a (vii. 97. 1) praises Indra, the second and the rest (2, 4-8) (praise) Brhaspati. B In 'At the sacrifice' (yajne: vii. 97) the first (stanza) praised Indra alone, but the last both Indra and Brhaspati. is the reading of Am1; instead of this line B has: asirrk prathama tatra prathamasya trtiyaya | r, asirbhava m' f, asi bhava k, asi b. The first pada here is probably a corruption of 26" (the last five syllables being practically identical), while the second seems to be due to a confusion with 24 d. 26 cd is not found in A, but in B and m1 only. 26 is redundant, as stanzas 2, 4-8 would already be addressed to Brhaspati by 25"; while 26° repeats the statement of 26"; on the other hand 26 d is necessary to the sense (cp. Sarvanukramani). The original reading of 26 thus seems certainly to have consisted of the single line: QUAT tvatra antya tvindrabrspati | cp. Sarvanukramani on vii. 97 : yajne .. aidryadi barhaspa- tyamanyaindri ca . 27. The third and the ninth (vii. 97. 3, 9) praise Indra and Brahmanaspati. (The hymn) a For a year' (samvatsaram: vii. 103) (praises) the frogs; but that which follows (vii. 104) is addressed to Indra-Soma. stautindra ° Am', sahendra ° B.- -mandukan bfkSs, manukan m', manduka r 2 r 6 x 7, r2r3r 7, HA. I have preferred the former reading as being supported by the Sarvanukramani: mandukamstustava . a ab 27 and 28 are quoted by Sayana in his introduction to Rg-veda vii. 104. 28. The seer, when his hundred sons had been slain by the followers of Sudas, full of pain and overwhelmed with grief for his sons, saw (this hymn) for the destruction of demons a II. Ff

viii. 4 41. The seer turned that Asanga, who had been a woman, into a man (again) a. With the four b stanzas Praise' (stuhi: viii. 1. 30-33) his own gift (to the seer) is proclaimed (by Asanga). tamasamga stutavan hdm', tamasangah stutavan , tam masamtam krtavan bir", tam masam krtam krtavan cha, tam masam krta krtavan k. - svasya A tasya B. - stuhityrgbhiscaturbhih pari- kirtitam all MSS. (stuhi stuhiti catasrbhih S ). a b Cp. Sarvanukramani on Rg-veda viii. I asango yah stribhutva puman abhut sa medhyatithaye danam dattva stuhi stuhiti catasrbhir atmanam tustava. The story of Asanga is related by Sayanda on Rg-veda viii. 1. I and 34. Asanga, son of king Playoga, was, he relates, owing to a curse of the gods, turned into a woman, but afterwards was, by the favour of Medhyatithi, restored to manhood by the power of penance. He consequently bestowed much wealth on the seer (30-33) and was praised by his wife Sasvati, daughter of Angiras (34). See also Sadgurusisya, p. 137; Sieg, Sagenstoffe, pp. 40, 41. Though caturbhih is, as we have seen, frequently used alone as an alternative for catasrbhih (cp. next sloka), it seems hardly possible that rgbhis caturbhih could have been the original reading. I was therefore much tempted to emend the MSS. reading to catasrbhih prakirtitam. With reference to this passage (Rg-veda viii. 1. 30-33) the Sarvanukramani has catasrbhih, the Nitimanjari rgbhis catasrbhih (Sieg, p. 41), and the Arsanukramani rcam catasrnam. In the Ramayana, however, caturbhih occurs in juxtaposition and agreement with a feminine noun. (see St. Petersburg Dictionary, under catur). 42. But with the two stanzas Bestow' (siksa: viii. 2. 41, 42) that of Vibhindu, king of Kasi (kasya)a, is proclaimed, while with the four b (stanzas) 'Which' (yam: viii. 3. 21-24) the (gift) of the liberal Pakasthaman is praised. kasyasya hbr, kasyasya d, kamasya ik. - pakasthamnastu hm`r, °sthamnasca br'r", °sthanesca fk.-bhojasya hm'r, bhojasca b, bhojasva, bhojesca . a Cp. Sarvanukramani on Rg-veda viii. 2: antyabhyam medhatithir vibhindor danam tustava. b See note b on 41. 43. The two pragatha couplets (beginning) Forth' (pra: viii. 4. 15-18) Sakatayana thinks are addressed to Pusan a; Galava, however, (thinks) the former (15, 16) is addressed to Indra only, the latter (17, 18) to Pusan. dvau hm`rs, tu B.-uttaram hm'r, uttaram b, uttamam fkr°. ab a 43 is quoted by Sadgurusisya on Rg-veda viii. 4. 44. In the last triplet of the last of the Indra hymns here (viii. 4. 19-21), the gift of king Kurunga is praised (with the words) 'Abundant wealth' (sthuram radhah: 19).

6.83.4

śikṣetyṛgbhyāṃ tu kāśyasya vibhindoḥ parikīrtitam .
pākasthāmnastu bhojasya caturbhiryamiti stutam ..
pauṣṇau preti pragāthau dvau manyate śākaṭāyanaḥ .
aindramevātha pūrvaṃ tu gālavaḥ pauṣṇamuttaram .. 43 ..
aindrāṇāmiha sūktānām uttamasyottame tṛce .
dānaṃ rājñaḥ kuruṅgasya sthūraṃ rāya iti stutam .. 44 ..
10-ṛgveda 8.5-18 ke devatā
dūrādityāśvine sūkte saptatriṃśattamī yathā .
ityardharco dvṛcaścāntyaḥ kaśordānastutiḥ smṛtā .. 45 ..
mahānaindraṃ pratnavatyām agniṃ vaiśvānaraṃ stutam .
manyate śākapūṇistu bhārmyaśvaścaiva mudgalaḥ .. 46 ..
tṛce tu śatamityasmin dānaṃ tairindiraṃ smṛtam .
paraṃ nu mārutaṃ preti ā nastrīṇyāśvināni ca .. 47 ..
tvamāgneyaṃ ya indreti ṣaḻaindrāṇyuttamasya tu .
upottamāyāmardharce devo vāstoṣpati stutaḥ .. 48 ..
idamādinyadevatyaṃ tisṛbhistvaditi stutā .
ṣaṣṭhyā caturthyā saptamyā utetyācinyagaṣṭamī .. 49 ..
11-ṛgveda 8.19 ḥ trasadasyu ke dānoṃ kī stuti
stutāḥ śamiti pacchastu agnisūryānilāstrayaḥ .
varuṇāryamamitrāṇāṃ pragātho yamiti stutiḥ .. 50 ..
āgneye stutī rājarṣes trasadasyoradāditi .
pañcāśataṃ vadhūnāṃ ca gavāṃ tistraśca saptatīḥ .. 51 ..
aśvoṣṭrāṇāṃ tathaivāsau vāsāṃsi vividhāni ca .
ratnāni vṛṣabhaṃ śyāvaṃ tāsāmagnesaraṃ patim .. 52 ..
kṛtvā dārānṛṣirgacchann indrāyaitacchaśaṃsa ca .
vayaṃ sūktena śakraṃ ca prītastena śacīpatiḥ .. 53 ..
ṛṣe varaṃ vṛṇīṣveti prahvastamṛṣirabravīt .
kākutsthakanyāḥ pañcāśad yugapadramaye prabho .. 54 ..
kāmato bahurūpatvaṃ yauvanaṃ cākṣayāṃ ratim .
śaṅkhanidhiṃ padmanidhi madgṛheṣvanapāyinam .. 55 ..

45. In the hymn addressed to the Asvins, 'From afar' (durat: viii. 5), the thirty-seventh stanza, (that is) the hemistich 'As' (yatha: 37 d), and the final couplet (38, 39) are traditionally held to be (in) praise of the gifts of Kasu a. saptatrmsatami b, 0 trisatami, trimsatami k, °trmsatama hd, trimsattame 1, 0 vimsatama m'.-ityardharco hm' B (°ci 1), tatrardhacom 1. - danastutih b(S), navastu f, (karsi ) nanistu k, danastavah hm`r. - smrta b, omitted in fk, smrtah hmir. a r.Cp. Sarvanukramani on Rg-veda viii. 5: antyah pancardharcas caidyasya kasor danastutih. 46. 'Great' (mahan: viii. 6) is addressed to Indra: in (the stanza) containing (the word) 'ancient' a (pratna: viii. 6. 30), Sakapuni, as well as Mudgala, son of Bhrmyasva, thinks Agni Vaisvanara is praised. gnim vaisvanaram stutam br, nirvaisvanarah stutah Aml. - 469 be, omitted in fk.-mahanaindram pratnavatyam Am', mahanendram pranevatyam b, mahanitindradaivatyam r. - bharmyasvascaiva r', bharmyasvascaiva hm'br, bharmyacaiva bhargyastu k. a The eleventh as well as the thirtieth stanza contains the word, but the latter only can be meant. 47. But in the triplet 'A hundred' (satam: viii. 6. 46-48) the gift of Tirindira a is recorded. 'Forth' (pra: viii. 7), the following (hymn), is addressed to the Maruts; and the three 'Hither to us (a nah viii. 8-10) are addressed to the Asvins. - tairimdiram hdm'r, nairidiram bik. - preti a 1, pretya hdm' bfk. - 0svinani ca hmir, •svinanyatah B. a Cp. Sarvanukramani: trco 'ntyas tirindirasya parsavyasya danastutih. 'Which, 48. Thou' (tvam: viii. 11) is addressed to Agni. O Indra' (ya indra: viii. 12. 1) are six (12-17) addressed to Indra; but in a hemistich of the last (stanza) but one of the last (viii. 17. 14 ab) the god Vastospati is praised.

viii. 19 49. 'This' (idam: viii. 18) has the Adityas as its deities: with three a (of its stanzas), the sixth, the fourth, and the seventh, Aditi is praised; the eighth stanza, 'And' (uta), is addressed to the Asvins. • ditih stuta hmir, ditistatha B. - sasthya caturthya saptamya rrr', satyam caturthya saptamyam hd, sasthya caturthosaptamyor m', sasthyam caturthisaptamyor B. - The end of the varga is here marked by 90 in m1bfk, not in hd. a The Sarvanukramani does not specify these three stanzas.

50. (In) 'Blessing' (sam: viii. 18. 9) the three (gods) Fire (agni), Sun (surya), Wind (anila)a are (respectively) praised in successive verses (pac-chah). The pragatha couplet 'Whom' (yam: viii. 19. 34, 35) is (in) praise of Varuna, Aryaman, and Mitra pachastva ° A, pacchosyam, sachasyom, sasthasoma k, sachasyom b. - 0 mitranam Am' °mitrastu r'r m, °mitrastam bfk - pragatho Am', pragathe B. - iti stutih 1, iti stutah B, iti stada hdm', iti tada r. a Cp. Sarvanukramani on Rg-veda viii. 18: para (9) agnisuryanilanam. 51. a in the (hymn) addressed to Agni. 'He has given' (adat: viii. 19. 36, 37) are (two stanzas in) praise of the royal seer Trasadasyu. B He gave fifty maidens b and three herds of seventy (saptatih) COWS, stuti hdr, stuti bfk.-saptatih br, saptami fk, saptatih m', saptayah n. not found in A, but in B and m2 only. -51 cd-57 ab are a The following six and a half slokas (51-57 ab) are quoted in the Nitimanjari on b Cp. Rg-veda viii. 19. 36: adat. . pancasatam trasadasyur vadhunam. Rg-veda viii. 19. 37. B 52. horses, and camels, and he also (gave) various garments, jewels, a brown bull, the lord that led those (herds) a. - asvostranam m'fkrn, asvoradrana b. - tathaivasau m', tathaivastau b, tathaivaso fkn, urabhranam · -vrsabham fkr, varsabham b, vividham m ' . - syavam m'n (m), sambam n, sabam n (h), savam bfr, samvam k. - agresaram m frn (a), agresaram kr 2, agrecaram b, asesaram n. - patim x, yfa m1fkr2n, cfa b. -

224 * See Rg-veda viii. 19. 37: tisrnam saptatinam syavah praneta.. diyanam patih; cp. the enumeration of gifts in Rg-veda viii. 46. 22, 23. B 53. Having wedded, the seer as he went on his way proclaimed (all) this to Indra, and with the hymn 'We' (vayam: viii. 21) (praised) Sakra. Pleased thereby the Lord of Saci 0samsa ca m ebfkn, 0samsa ha r. - sakram ca all MSS. r and n ( ep. v. 137 ) . - sacipatih m1bfkr, g: n (cp. v. 137 d). B 54. (said), 'O seer, choose a boon.' Humbly the seer replied to him: 'I (will) enjoy, O Lord, simultaneously the fifty maidens a of the race of Kakutstha b, - - tamrsir br, tamrsim fm', tamrsim k. - kakutstha rn, kakustha b, kakutsthah k, kakuh sutsthah f. - kanyah pancasad frn, kamnyah pamcasad b, pamca kanyasad . - ramaye bfkrn(h), ramayet m', ramaya n. - 54 , 55 omitted in r.-The end of the varga is here marked by 99 in bfk. cd * This most probably refers to the pancasatam vadhunam mentioned above (51). Note the nom. pancasat used for the acc. b This word is printed by Mitra as a vocative, but it is impossible that this patronymic should be applied to Indra. The word is, however, probably used in the text owing to the close association of Kakutstha with Indra (see St. Petersburg Dictionary, under kakutstha).

viii. 4 41. The seer turned that Asanga, who had been a woman, into a man (again) a. With the four b stanzas Praise' (stuhi: viii. 1. 30-33) his own gift (to the seer) is proclaimed (by Asanga). tamasamga stutavan hdm', tamasangah stutavan , tam masamtam krtavan bir", tam masam krtam krtavan cha, tam masam krta krtavan k. - svasya A tasya B. - stuhityrgbhiscaturbhih pari- kirtitam all MSS. (stuhi stuhiti catasrbhih S ). a b Cp. Sarvanukramani on Rg-veda viii. I asango yah stribhutva puman abhut sa medhyatithaye danam dattva stuhi stuhiti catasrbhir atmanam tustava. The story of Asanga is related by Sayanda on Rg-veda viii. 1. I and 34. Asanga, son of king Playoga, was, he relates, owing to a curse of the gods, turned into a woman, but afterwards was, by the favour of Medhyatithi, restored to manhood by the power of penance. He consequently bestowed much wealth on the seer (30-33) and was praised by his wife Sasvati, daughter of Angiras (34). See also Sadgurusisya, p. 137; Sieg, Sagenstoffe, pp. 40, 41. Though caturbhih is, as we have seen, frequently used alone as an alternative for catasrbhih (cp. next sloka), it seems hardly possible that rgbhis caturbhih could have been the original reading. I was therefore much tempted to emend the MSS. reading to catasrbhih prakirtitam. With reference to this passage (Rg-veda viii. 1. 30-33) the Sarvanukramani has catasrbhih, the Nitimanjari rgbhis catasrbhih (Sieg, p. 41), and the Arsanukramani rcam catasrnam. In the Ramayana, however, caturbhih occurs in juxtaposition and agreement with a feminine noun. (see St. Petersburg Dictionary, under catur). 42. But with the two stanzas Bestow' (siksa: viii. 2. 41, 42) that of Vibhindu, king of Kasi (kasya)a, is proclaimed, while with the four b (stanzas) 'Which' (yam: viii. 3. 21-24) the (gift) of the liberal Pakasthaman is praised. kasyasya hbr, kasyasya d, kamasya ik. - pakasthamnastu hm`r, °sthamnasca br'r", °sthanesca fk.-bhojasya hm'r, bhojasca b, bhojasva, bhojesca . a Cp. Sarvanukramani on Rg-veda viii. 2: antyabhyam medhatithir vibhindor danam tustava. b See note b on 41. 43. The two pragatha couplets (beginning) Forth' (pra: viii. 4. 15-18) Sakatayana thinks are addressed to Pusan a; Galava, however, (thinks) the former (15, 16) is addressed to Indra only, the latter (17, 18) to Pusan. dvau hm`rs, tu B.-uttaram hm'r, uttaram b, uttamam fkr°. ab a 43 is quoted by Sadgurusisya on Rg-veda viii. 4. 44. In the last triplet of the last of the Indra hymns here (viii. 4. 19-21), the gift of king Kurunga is praised (with the words) 'Abundant wealth' (sthuram radhah: 19).

55. (and choose) the assumption of many forms at will, youth, and everlasting enjoyment, the conch treasure a, the lotus treasure b always remaining in my house. 3950. a yauvanam m'bfkr, yugapat r". - magrhesva ° m 'r, madnehesva ° n, mrgrhesva ° fk, mrsva ° b. Prosperity departs with its disappearance: cp. Pancatantra, ii. 10; Indische Spruche, That is, 100,000,000 pieces of money. b B 56. May the famous (asau) Visvakarman fashion (for me) palaces of gold by thy favour, and a flower garden with celestial trees for (each of) those (spouses) separately; - prasadan mfrn, prasadan bk. - karmasi mbfkr, kami tu n. - kurvita mbn, kavita fk, karotu .-°vatim ca m'kn, °vatam ca 1, vati ca b, vatisca . - suradrumaih r, suradramaih b, suradrume fk, suradrumah m.

6.83.5

12-ṛṣi dvārā māṃge gaye vara . sobhari aura citra kī kathā .
prāsādān viśvakarmāsau sauvarṇāṃstvatprasādataḥ .
kurvīta puṣpavāṭīṃ ca pṛthaktāsāṃ suradrumaiḥ .. 56 ..
mā bhūtsapatnīspardhāsāṃ sarvamastviti cābravīt .
ā ganta mārutaṃ sūktaṃ vayamityaindramuttaram .. 57 ..
kaṇvasya sobhareścaiva yajato vaṃśajaiḥ saha .
kurukṣetre yavāñjakṣur havīṃṣi vividhāni ca .. 58 ..
ākhavaḥ so'bhituṣṭāva indraṃ citraṃ sarasvatīm .
indro vetyanayarcā sa dānaśaktiṃ prakāśayan .. 59 ..
13-sobhari aura citra kī kathā ( kramaśaḥ) . ṛgveda 8.22-25
ākhurājo'bhimānācca praharṣitamanāḥ svayam .
saṃstuto devayaccitra ṛṣaye tu gavāṃ dadau .. 60 ..
ayutānāṃ sahasraṃ vai nijagrāha stuvannṛṣiḥ .
ṛṣiṃ covāca hṛṣṭātmā nāhamarhāmyṛṣe stutim .. 61 ..
tiryagyonau samutpanno devatā stotumarhasi .
tamantyayāpunaścāstaud o tyaṃ sūktena cāśvinau ..62..
īḻiṣvetyetadāgneyaṃ sakhāyaścaindramuttaram .
yathā varo suṣāmyā ity uttamastvauṣasastṛcaḥ .. 63 ..
aṣṭau tu sahitāstvetā devatā bibhidurbalam .
uṣāścendraśca somaśca agniḥ sūryo bṛhaspatiḥ .. 64 ..
aṅgirāḥ saramā caiva tā vāmityuttarasya tu .
ādau maitrāvaruṇyastu nava dvādaśa tūttarāḥ .. 65 ..
vaiśvadevyo varū rājā yaccādādṛṣaye vasu .
kīrtitaṃ tattṛce tvasminn ṛjramukṣaṇyāyane .. 66 ..
14-ṛgveda 8.26-31 ke devatā . 8.29 pṛthakkarmastuti hai .
aśvinau dadatuḥ prītau tadihoktaṃ suṣāmaṇi .
āśvinaṃ tu yuvoryukṣva vāyavyā uttarāstu yāḥ .. 67 ..
yaṃ savarṇā manurnāma lebhe putraṃ vivasvataḥ .
vaiśvadevāni pañcaitāny agnirukthe jagāda saḥ .. 58 ..

viii. 21 B 57. and let there be no co-wife rivalry among these (fifty spouses).' And he (Indra) said, 'All this shall be (fulfilled).' 'Come hither' (a ganta: viii. 20) is a hymn addressed to the Maruts; the next one, 'We' (vayam: viii. 21), is addressed to Indra. °spadhisam m bn, °spadvisam f, °sasparddhisam k, spadhiyam . dramuttaram Am', 'dramatah param B. 58, 59. When a Sobhari, son of Kanva, was sacrificing with members of his family in Kuruksetra, rats devoured (his) corn and various oblations. (So) he (Sobhari) praised Indra, Citra, (and) Sarasvati, B with the stanza 'Or Indra' (indro va: viii. 21. 17), proclaiming (Citra's) power of giving b. sobharescaiva Am', saubharescaiva B. - yavan jaksur mr, yava jaksur hd, yavam caksur bfk.--59. °tustava indram 1, °tustavimdram hdbfk - akhavah Bn, akhum ca Am'. - 5 god is not found in A, but in B and m1 only. The end of the varga is here marked by 92 in bfk. a 58 cd-62° are quoted in the Nitimanjari on Rg-veda viii. 21. 18. b 59 cd seems necessary, as without it, there is no reference in A to stanza 17 being part of the danastuti (cp. Sarvanukramani: antye dvrce). 13. Story of Sobhari and Citra (continued). Rg-veda viii. 22-25. B 60. And the king of the rats, rejoiced at heart, from selfsatisfaction himself, Citra, being praised like a god, gave, to the seer, of cows a - samstuto hm`rfkr±1°r 7, sa stuto 1.:- 1. - citra rsaye tu gavam dadau hm', citro yaddadau tad dvrcena ha rºrn, citro dadau ga atyrceriha b, citro dado gatra cutyrceriha fk (cutyr ° k). * The wording of the Sarvanukramani, antye dvrce citrasya danastutih, would seem to favour the reading of B (citro yad dadau tad dvrcena ha). 61. a thousand myriads. Praising (him) the seer accepted (the gift). And rejoicing in heart (Citra) addressed the seer, 'I do not deserve the praise of a seer, II. G g

226 sahasram vai hbr, sahasram tu n. - nijagraha m', vijayaha hd, nirjagraha brn. - covaca hdm±r, provaca br˚n.-rseh hdr, rse m±b, rci n, ci (stuti ) fk.-This sloka is omitted in fk with the exception of thethree syllables fa fa (sic). 62. having been begotten in an animal womb. Do you (rather) praise the gods.' And (yet) with the last (stanza, viii. 21. 18) he (the seer) praised him again. And with the hymn Hither that' (o tyam: viii. 22) (he praised) the Asvins a. samutpanno Am', samudbhuto Bn. - devata b, devatah n, devanah 1, devanah k, devatam 1, devanno hd (doubtless due to the preceding °panno ), devam no r 3, devano m'. - Instead of 62 d and 63 ab as given in the text (according to hdm1rbfk), r1r 4 r 6 read: (stutva ) citram suktaih paraistribhih | asvinavagnimindram cabhitustava devatah || hd, but not m1, add these three padas after those in the text (which they have also), marking the lacuna of one pada by six (h) and eight (d) short horizontal strokes at the top of the line. These padas are probably based on a marginal gloss with reference to 62° (devata stotumarhasi ). a With 62 d and 63" cp. Sarvanukramani: o tyam asvinam... ilisva.. agneyam. 63. The (hymn) 'Laud thou' (ilisva: viii. 23) is addressed to Agni, and the next one 'O friends' (sakhayah: viii. 24) is addressed to Indra, but the last triplet, As to Varo-susaman' (yatha varo susamne: viii. 24. 28-30), is addressed to Dawn a. yatha varo susamna hdbfk (caro fk), yatha varah susamne r. a The Sarvanukramani says nothing about this triplet being addressed to Usas, but states that it is a danastuti of Varu Sausamna, of which nothing is said here. 64. Now it is these eight deities altogether who cleft Vala: Usas and Indra and Soma, Agni, Surya, Brhaspatia, astau tu hm'r, astau ca b, asta ca fk - sahitastveta hm bfk, sahita eta 1. - valam bk, balam fr, vasam hdm'. - somascagnih hdbfk, somascathamih r (cp. r in vi. 33). a This remark is suggested by the mention of Vala in the last stanza of Rg-veda viii. 24. 65. Angiras and Sarama. Now at the beginning of the next hymn 'You two as such' (ta vam: viii. 25) there are nine (stanzas) addressed to Mitra-Varuna, but the next twelve a

66. are addressed to the All-gods; and the wealth which king Varu gave to the seer is proclaimed in the triplet 'A bay from Uksanyayana' (rjram uksanyayane: viii. 25. 22-24) a. varu hm±r, catu b, cala fk - yaccadad hm`r, yahadad b, yadrda (saye ) 1, yadada () k. After 66 b r adds (apparently from r'r'r) the line: indro vetyetayaci tu danasaktiprakasanam | on which is not found in hdm1bfk nor in r2r3r, and which R already has (with slight variations) as 59 cd b 59 d . The line in that place is found in B and m1 only (see note vi. 59 ) . - kirtitam tu trce (tvasmin ) hm`r, kirttana tatrice fk, kittinnatadi trive b. - tvasmin hm`bfk, tasmin . - rjramutanyayane hdr, rjamukhya - noyane f, rjamurakhya noyane k, rjumukhyanoyane b. * The pratika must be read with vyuha, rjram uksani ayane, on account of the metre.The Sarvanukramani makes no mention of a danastuti here. B 67. (What) the Asvins, being pleased, bestowed on Susaman, is told here a: (viz.) "Of you two' (yuvoh: viii. 26) is addressed to the Asvins: 'Do thou yoke b' (yuksva: viii. 26. 20-25) (and) the (stanzas) which (come) next are addressed to Vayu. m1. tadihoktam br, tadihoktam fk, tavihoktam m'. - susamani f, suvamani b, susamani r.-6 zab is not found in A, but in B and m± only. - yuvoryuva 1, yuvoryuca fk, yuvoryutu bm3, hd (the fuller pratika of viii. 26. 1).- ACIY al: hdm2r, vayavya uttarau trcau bf, vayavyavuttarau nrcau k. stanza. b - * This must refer to the following hymn: Susaman is mentioned in the second The pratika yuksva is necessary in A, as there would be no clue to the stanzas meant: cp. Sarvanukramani vimsyadya vayavyah. The reading of B, uttarau trcau is, however, more definite. 68. Manu, as he was named, whom Savarna a obtained as a son from Vivasvat b, uttered the five hymns (27-31) addressed to the

55. (and choose) the assumption of many forms at will, youth, and everlasting enjoyment, the conch treasure a, the lotus treasure b always remaining in my house. 3950. a yauvanam m'bfkr, yugapat r". - magrhesva ° m 'r, madnehesva ° n, mrgrhesva ° fk, mrsva ° b. Prosperity departs with its disappearance: cp. Pancatantra, ii. 10; Indische Spruche, That is, 100,000,000 pieces of money. b B 56. May the famous (asau) Visvakarman fashion (for me) palaces of gold by thy favour, and a flower garden with celestial trees for (each of) those (spouses) separately; - prasadan mfrn, prasadan bk. - karmasi mbfkr, kami tu n. - kurvita mbn, kavita fk, karotu .-°vatim ca m'kn, °vatam ca 1, vati ca b, vatisca . - suradrumaih r, suradramaih b, suradrume fk, suradrumah m.

6.83.6

babhrureka iti tvetā liṅgato dvipadā daśa .
stūyante devatā hyāsu karmabhiḥ svaiḥ pṛthakpṛthak .. 69 ..
stutāḥ karmaguṇaiḥ svaiḥ svair devatā yatra tatra tu .
pṛthakkarmastutirnāma vaiśvadevaṃ tadeva tu .. 70 ..
ṛgveda 8.32-34 ke devatā
tāsāṃ babhruriti tvādyā saumyāgneyī tvṛguttarā .
tvāṣṭrī caindrī ca raudrī ca pauṣṇī vaiṣṇavyṛgāśvinī ..71 ..
navamī maitrāvaruṇī ṛgdaśamyatrisaṃstavaḥ .
yajamānaprasaṅgācca ya ijyātra prakīrtitā ..72..
yo jayati dvṛce śakro yajatāṃ patirīḻitaḥ .
tasya dyumān dvṛce yajvā catasṛṣvapi makṣviti ..73..
yajvanoreva daṃpatyoḥ pañca yā daṃpatī ṛcaḥ .
ā śarmāśīraitu pauṣṇyau pare mitro'ryamā yathā ..74..
varuṇaśca stutāstvatra ādityā agnimagnaye .
sūktāni pra kṛtānīti trīṇyaindrāṇi parāṇyataḥ ..75...
16-indra aura vyaṃsa kī bahana . ṛgveda 8.35-46 ke devatā
adha ityatra kanyā taṃ strīliṅgenendramabravīt .
sa hi tāṃ kāmayāmāsa dānavīṃ pākaśāsanaḥ ..76..
jyeṣṭhāṃ svasāraṃ vyaṃsasya tasyaiva yuvakāmyayā .
agninetyāśvinaṃ sūktam aindrasūkte pare tataḥ ..77..
aindrāgnaṃ paramāgneyam aindrāgnaṃ vāruṇe pare .
uttare vāruṇe tvantya ā vāmitvāśvinastṛcaḥ ..78..
sūkte ime samāgneye tābhyāmaindre tataḥ pare .
vaśāyāśvyāta yatprādāt kānīnastu pṛthuśravāḥ ..79..
tadatra saṃstutaṃ dānam ā sa ityevamādibhiḥ .
ā naḥ pragāthau vāyavyau sūktasyopottamā ca yā ..80..
2-ṛgveda 8.47-56 ke devatā
mitrāryamāṇau marutaḥ sunītho gha dvṛce stutāḥ .
dvicatvāriṃśakātprītas triśokāya puraṃdaraḥ .. 81 ..
giriṃ nikṛtya vajreṇa gā daśavasurairhṛtāḥ .

228 All-gods (and beginning) Agni at the laudation' (agnir ukthe: viii. 27). savarni bfkrs, saranyu hdm' - manunima all MSS., r (9, 0.7.), manum nama . - The text of 68 ed follows the reading of hdm'rbfk; the reading of r1r'r is: jagadagniriti svayam . * I have followed B in reading savarna, as this is supported by Sadgurusisya, p. 139: manur nama vivasvatah savarnayam saranyuchayayam jatah; the metronymic, too, of Manu is savarni. Cp. Brihaddevata vii. I. b 68 ab is quoted by Sadgurusisya on Rg-veda viii. 27. 69. 'Brown is one' (babhrur ekah: viii. 29)-these are ten dvipadas with characteristic marks (lingatah); for in them the deities are praised, each separately, by their activities a. tveta hm'r˚B, tvasmin . - hyasu karmabhih hm/rbfk, hyasam navabhih rrr. a Cp. above, iii. 40-43. 70. Now where the deities are praised by their respective actions and qualities, there is what is called separate praise of action (prthak-karma-stuti). Such a (hymn) is addressed to the All-gods. , follows the reading of Am1; the reading of Bis: prthakkarmastutivyuktam tadvidyadvaisvadaivatam . - The end of the varga is here marked by 14 in bfk, not in hd.

71. Now of these (dvipadas) the first 'Brown' (babhruh: viii. 29. 1) is addressed to Soma, but the next stanza (2) is addressed to Agni; (then comes) one addressed to Tvastr (3), and Indra (4) and Rudra (5), Pusan (6), Visnu (7), a stanza addressed to the Asvins (8); 72. the ninth is addressed to Mitra-Varuna (9), the tenth stanza is (in) praise of the Atris a. And in connexion with the institutor of the sacrifice (in) Who' (yah: viii. 31) the sacrifice (ijya) b is here praised. maitravarunyrg bfkr, maitravaruni tvrg hdm'. - dasamyasvisamstavah m ', dasamyascasca samstavah h, dasamyasca samstavah d dasami mitrasamstavah b, dasami mitrasamstava, dasami samstavah fk.

viii. 32 °prasangacca hm`r, ॰prasangattu b, prasamga tu fk - ya ityatra trayi stuta hdm', yajirevatra samstuta 1, yaje vatra prakirtita b, yajne patra prakirttita fk. r, b The The deities in the text of Rg-veda viii. 29. 10 are in the plural: according to Sayana's comment they are the Atris. The readings mitra and asvi are undoubtedly corruptions of atri, every letter of which occurs in one or other of the corruptions. conjecture 'ya' ijya atra is supported by the Sarvanukramani, which describes the hymn thus: yo yajati.. atra ijyastavo yajamanaprasamsa ca. The reading trayi stuta may be a corruption of prakirtita. B 73. In the couplet Who sacrifices' (yo yajati: viii. 31. 1, 2) Sakra, the Lord of sacrificers, is lauded. In the couplet 'Glorious his' (tasya, dyuman: 3, 4) the sacrificer (is praised), also in the four (stanzas) 'Swiftly' (maksu: 15-18). yajatam br, yajnanam m' fk - yajva 1, yajvay b, yadva m', yadda f, yuddha k.- maviti, majviti b, maciti fk, yadriti m. - This sloka is not found in A, but in B and m1 only. : B 74. The five stanzas The couple who' (ya dampati viii. 31. 5-9) are (in praise) of husband and wife a as sacrificers. 'Hither protection' (a sarma: 10) is a prayer. The two following 'May hither come' (aitu: 11, 12) are addressed to Pusan b; while (in) 'Since' (yatha: 13) Mitra, Aryaman, yajvanor br, yajvisar fk, yadvasir m. - ya dampati rcah m', ya dampatityrcah br, ya dampati -- cah f, ya dampati trcah k. - a sarmasiraitu, a sarmasirapi tu b, a sarma sirapam m', arthasarma sirapi fk (°vi k). - pausnau pare b, pausno pari mf, pausni - - - pari k. -- mitro'ryama bfkm 1, mitraryama r. - yatha bfkr, tatha m ' . - This sloka is not found in A, but in B and m1 only. Cp. Sarvanukramani, ya ityadi panca dampatyoh, which is probably based on the above, dampatyoh panca ya dampati rcah. Pusan is mentioned in 11 (aitu), but not in 12. b B 75. and Varuna, the Adityas, are praised; 'Agni' (agnim: 14) is to Agni. The three following hymns after this, 'Forth the deeds' (pra krtani viii. 32-34), are addressed to Indra. W ab Jalwa m1bfk, gar.-75 is not found in A, but in B and m2 only.- The end of the varga is here marked by 98 in hdbfk. A has only two and a half slokas in this varga. -

76. In 'Downward' (adhah: viii. 33. 19) a girl addressed Indra (who appeared) with the characteristics of a woman a; for the chastiser of Paka (Indra) made love to that Danava maiden b, adha ityatra r, adhya ityatra b, adhyaya ityatra fk, atha ityaha hdm'. - kanya tam bkr, kanyam tam f, tasyam tu hdm'. - strilingenendra mabravit hdm'br, straligatam | catmabravit f, mralimgato dbrahmavravit K. a That is, this stanza is addressed by a Danavi to Indra who has assumed the form of a woman. According to Sayana on Rg-veda viii. 33. 19 this stanza is addressed to Asanga Playogi when he was a woman (cp. above, vi. 41). And had assumed the disguise of a woman because Vyamsa was his enemy. b 77. the eldest sister of Vyamsa, by reason of his (Indra's) youthful desire (yuva-kamya)a. 'By Agni' (agnina: viii. 35) is a hymn addressed to the Asvins. Then follow two hymns (36, 37) addressed to Indra. - - vyamsasya r±17, pyusasya rrr, vyamsanca b, vyamsva f, vyasasca k, pumsasca hdm' r'. - tasyaiva hm±br, tasya va f, tasyevam k, tayaiva d. - yuvakamyaya hdm' r' fkr 2 1 17, vuvakamyaya b, badhakamyaya r (=r'r* r ). - pare tatah hdm' 1, tatah pare bfk (cp. vi. 25 and 79). a The reading of r, tasyaiva badhakamyaya, seems more natural: 'because of his (Vyamsa's) desire to slay (Indra),' or possibly, 'because of his (Indra's) desire to slay (Vyamsa)'; his making love to the sister being, in that case, a ruse. Kamya at the end of a compound in the Brihaddevata otherwise governs the preceding word in an objective sense (='desire for'). The original reading here was, therefore, perhaps yuddhakamyaya. 78. The following (38) is addressed to Indra-Agni, (then) one to Agni (39), one to Indra-Agni (40); the following two (41, 42) are addressed to Varuna; but in the latter (42) Varuna hymn the last triplet 'Hither you two' (a vam: viii. 42. 4-6) is addressed to the Asvins. - aimdranam (param ) Am', aimdramat b, aindragnyat fkr. - aindramam Am', aindramad b, aindragnyad fkr. - varune m bfkr'rr', varunam hdr". - 79. The two hymns, 'These' (ime: viii. 43), 'With fuel' (sam-: viii. 44), are addressed to Agni; the two which then follow after these (45, 46) are addressed to Indra. Now what Kanita Prthusravas gave to Vasa Asvya a

viii. 56 ime samagneye hdm'bfkr, ime tu cameye rrr - aindre tatah pare B, aindreti cottare Am'.-vasayasvyaya ss, vasayakhyaya hdm' r, vasayascaya bf, vasathascaya k. cd a 79 ed and 80 ab are quoted by Sadgurusisya on Rg-veda viii. 46 and by Sayana on Rg-veda viii. 46. 21. 80. as a gift is here praised in the (stanzas) beginning 'Hither he' (a sa viii. 46. 21-24). The two pragatha couplets 'Hither to our' (a nah: 25-28) are addressed to Vayu as well as the last (stanza) but one of the hymn (32). sa ityevama ° hm±r, sa etvevama ° ss, sayetyevama ° b, sayetyecama ° f, sa yetyecama0 k.-off: Am1ss, of B.-The end of the varga is here marked by 9 in m1bfk, not in hd.

81, 82. In the couplet Well led indeed' (sunitho gha: viii. 46. 4, 5), Mitra-Aryaman (and) the Maruts are praised. Pleased by (the hymn) containing forty-two stanzas (viii. 45) the Fort-destroyer (Indra), after cutting through the mountain with his bolt, gave to Trisoka the cows which had been carried off by the Asuras. The seer has stated this himself in the (stanza), Who clave' (yah krntat: viii. 45. 30). -- - sunitho gha, sunitho tra m bfk.- dvicatvarimsakat br, dvicatvarisaka fk, °rimsake m3.-82. faft faaa m1r, fuft faera b, faft fa ¯ f, fafc fa ¯¯ k. vajrena m±1, vatrena bfk.- hrtah 1, hrta bfk, hrtam m ' . - rsistu svayam , rsisunsuyam b, rsistu stuyam fk, rsistu tuyam m. - 81, 82 are not found in A, but in B and m- only. - 83. In (the hymn) 'Great' (mahi: viii. 47), of which the Adityas are the deities, Aditi is praised with the ninth (stanza). The last five (stanzas: 14-18) should be (considered as addressed) to Dawn as well (api) a. Of the sweet' (svadoh: viii. 48) is traditionally held to be addressed to Soma. - °dityadaivate hdm', °dityadevate fb 1, °dityadevata . - svadoriti smrtam hm`r, svadorabhaksitam fk, svadorabhaksit b. a The Sarvanukramani has borrowed the words antyah pancosase 'pi. 84. Now the following eight hymns (viii. 49-56), by seers of ardent brilliance, are addressed to Indra a; but the twenty-