[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Auxiliary Sciences of the Veda](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga) › [Etymology and Vedic lexicon](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.nirukta) › [Nirukta](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.nirukta.yaska) › [Rijvartha (Niruktavritti)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.nirukta.yaska!durga) › 203 # Yāska's Nirukta 203 Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 203 - **Language:** Sanskrit ## Contents - [203.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.nirukta.yaska!durga.203.1) — 3 parts ### [203.1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.nirukta.yaska!durga.203.1.1) “atha”-iti viśeṣādhikāre | prakṛtārthāndanantaramadhikaroti | “yāni” “pṛthivyāyaGenerictanāni” pṛthivyāśrayāṇi “sattvāni” dravyāṇi ca, teṣāmapyatra vivakṣitatvāt | “stutiṃ labhante”—iti samāmnātāni | “tāni” “ataḥ” param “anukramiṣyāmaḥ” vyākhyayā iti śeṣaḥ | pūrvasmādāprīgaṇād vilakṣaṇo'yamaśvādigaṇa iti pṛthagadhikāravacanam | pṛthivyāyaGenerictanatvāviśeṣāt sarpalāṅgalakuṣambhakaprabhṛtīnāmapyatraivāntarbhāvaḥ, tānyapi hi stutiṃ labhante, upalakṣaṇaṃ cedamiti | teṣāṃ yugapadabhidhānāsambhavāt kramo'ryādaṅgīkṛto bhavati | 9 | “mā no̍ mi̱traḥ0 (ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 3, 7, 1)”—iti | dīrghatamasa ārṣam | aśva svāhūyate anena sūktena || “yad vājinaḥ”—iti | yat yāni vājinaḥ asyāśvasya 'devajātasya” “devairjanitasya” vasubhirādityāt, “sūryādaśva̱ṃ vasavo̱ nira̍taṣṭa (ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 3, 11, 2)”—iti | agnervā, “prajāpatinā dvitīyāmajuhot, tato'śvo'jāyata”-iti | “sapteḥ” “saraṇasya” | “pravakṣyāmaḥ” prakarṣeṇa vakṣyāmaḥ | 'vidathe” etasmin “yajñe” “vīryyāṇi” guṇān | kiṃ teṣām ? “mā naḥ” māsmākaṃ tānyucyamānāni “mitraḥ” “varuṇaḥ” “aryyamā” vāyuḥ, “indraḥ” “marutaḥ” “parivyan” ācakṣīran | kiṃ tarhi ? anumanyantām | “āyuḥ” atra “vāyuḥ-ayanaḥ” kāralopena | sa kasmāt ? ayanāt, eti hyasau viśvam | ‘indraḥ” “ṛbhukṣāḥ” sa hi 'urukṣayaṇaḥ” urāvantarikṣe kṣiyati nivasati | athavā-kṣiyatiraiśvaryyārthaḥ | kasya hi ? “ṛbhūṇāṃ” devānāṃ “rājā” “iti” “vā” ca, teṣāmīṣṭe | evam ṛbhuśabdāt pūrvapadam, kṣiyateraiśvaryyakarmaṇaḥ uttarapadam | 9 | ### [203.1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.nirukta.yaska!durga.203.1.2) “kanikradajjanuṣaḥ 0 ( ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 8, 11, 1 )”-iti | gṛtsamadasyārṣam | śakunirutaśravaṇe jape viniyogaḥ | “kanikradat” “nyakrandīt” punaḥpunaḥ bhṛśaṃ vā krandasīti madhyamapuruṣeṇa nutiruttaramarddharcamapekṣya | “januṣaṃ” “prabruvāṇaḥ” ātmano'bhijātiṃ prakathayanniva, “iyartti vācam” iyarṣi vācam | katham ? “ariteva” “īrayitā iva” nāvika iva, punaḥpunaḥ “nāvaṃ” pāragamanāya yatnamevamīrayati, sa tvaṃ “sumaṅgalaḥ ca” he “śakune !” praśastamaṅgalaśca asmākaṃ “bhava” | vayamapi ca tubhyamityāśāsmahe-“mā tvā kācit” “abhimā” “abhibhūtiḥ” paropadravaḥ | “viṣvyā” sarvaprakārā sarvato “vidat” vidatviti | “yathāsya śabdaḥ, tathā nāmerayati” tadidaṃ śakuniṣu bahulamityatroktam || “maṅgalaṃ” kasmāt ? “girateḥ” dhātoḥ “gṛṇātyarthe” varttamānasya, stutyaṃ hi tad bhavati | “girati anarthān iti vā” asyaiva vā gilanārthasya | kimidaṃ gilati? utpadyamānamevedamanarthān gilati bhakṣayati vā || athavā-“aṅgalam” etanmakāropajanena maṅgalam | ko'rthaḥ ? “aṅgavat” aṅgairavayavaiḥ dadhimadhvakṣatādibhiḥ tadvat | ro matvarthe, vyatyayaśca raloḥ || athavā-majjayateḥ maṅgalam | kim ? “majjayati pāpakam-iti nairuktāḥ” utpadyamānamevaitat maṅgalinaḥ puruṣasya majjayati nāśayati yadasya kiñcit pātakaṃ bhavati | evaṃ majjayatermaṅgalam-iti nairuktāḥ viduḥ || “māṃ gacchatu iti vā” gamervā | sa etat manyate māmetad gacchatviti | 9| 4| “bha̱draṃ va̍da dakṣi̱ṇataḥ0”-iti | iha śakuniḥ kila kasyāñcid diśi sādhurbhavati, ### [203.1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.nirukta.yaska!durga.203.1.3) kasyāñcidasādhuḥ | sa eṣa bravīti- "dakṣiṇataḥ" "uttarataḥ" "paścāt" "purastāt" ca sarvata eva tvamasmākam "kapiñjalaḥ" "bhadraṃ" "vad" iti || "gṛtsamadaḥ = gṛtsamadanaḥ" gṛtsaścāsau madanaśca gṛtsamadanaḥ | gṛtsaḥ = medhāvī, madanaḥ = harṣāluḥ | 9 | 5 | "saṃvatsaraṃ śaśayānāḥ0 (ṛ0 saṃ0 5, 7, 3, 1)"-iti | vāsiṣṭhasyārṣaḥ || "saṃvatsaraṃ" "śaśayānāḥ" "śiśyānāḥ" nirvācaḥ saṃvatsaraṃ suptā iva sthitvā "brāhmaṇāḥ" "abruvāṇāḥ" sarvathā santo vaktum, "vratacāriṇaḥ"kṛtavāksaṃyamāḥ, tataḥ prāvṛṭ- kālaṃ prāpya abhivṛṣṭāḥ “parjanyajinvitām” parjanyena tarpitām “vācam” “pra maṇḍūkāḥ avādiṣuḥ” prāvādiṣurmaṇḍūkāḥ | athavā-na yukto rūḍhiparivādo brāhmaṇaśabdasyeti luptopamaḥ prakalpyate-“brāhmaṇā iva vratacāriṇaḥ” iti | yathā brāhmaṇā upākṛtya prāvṛṣi pavitrapāṇayo mekhalino niyatakālāṃ tāṃ vaidikīṃ vācaṃ vadanti, evaṃ prāvādiśuriti | 9 | 6 | “upa prarvada maṇḍūki”-iti | he “maṇḍūki !” maṇḍūkānāṃ mātaḥ ! athavāmaṇḍūkapate ! maṇḍūki ! “mā” mām “upa” gamya “pra” prakarṣeṇa “vad” | kathaṃ ca pravada ! “varṣam” “ā” ābhimukhyena “vad” “tāduri” taraṇaśīle ! athavātāvat-udari ! yāvaccharīraṃ tāvadevodaraṃ tasyāḥ | tato vṛṣṭe deve āplute udakenaitasminnekajalībhūte “madhye” “hradasya” udakasya bahunaḥ “plavasva” upari “vigṛhya” prasāryya “caturaḥ” “padaḥ” padānityarthaḥ | pādaśabdasya padādeśaḥ kriyate | 9| 7| "prāvepā māṃ0 (ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 5, 5, 4) ||"- iti | akṣaputrasya maujavata syārṣam| "prāvepāḥ" "pravepiṇaḥ" prakarṣeṇa vepanaśīlasya vṛkṣasya jātāḥ "bṛhataḥ' ### [203.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.nirukta.yaska!durga.203.2) sati ca krame na mukhyātikramo nyāyya ityato bravīti-"teṣāmaśvaḥ prathamāgāmī bhavati"-iti | sa punaḥ kimartha prathamāgāmī ? puruṣānantaraṃ janma iti hi vijñāyate,"tasyā āhutyāḥ puruṣo'jāyata, dvitīyāmajuhot tato'śvo'jāyata, viśiṣṭe cāśvamedhalakṣaṇe karmaṇi viśiṣṭo'syāṅgabhāvaḥ" iti | 9 | ‘śakuniḥ (2)” | kasmāt ? sa hi “śaknotyunnetumātmānam” | ūrddhaṃ netum, laghutvāt | śakeḥ pūrvapadam, nayaterutpūrvasyottarapadam | “naditumiti vā”| athavānadatestakatervā śabdārthagatyarthayoḥ pūrvottarapadaṃ vikalpena | atha “vā” “sarvataḥ śaṅkaraḥ” ayamasmākam “astviti” sarveṇa nityamāśāsitavyo bhavati | evaṃ sati 'śam'iti sukhanāma pūrvapadam, karoteruttarapadam “śaknoteḥ” eva vaikalpāt | kimaso śaknoti yadasya yogyaṃ śekitum | 9 | “tasya” “eṣā” prādhānyastutiḥ “bhavati”-|| “gṛtsamadamarthamabhyutthitam” iti | stutilābhakāraṇam, sa kila kiñcidarthaṃ sisādhayiṣurabhyuttasthau, tamabhyutthitaṃ “kapiñjalaḥ” śakunaḥ “abhivavāśe” tatsiddhimāvedayan | yathā caitadevam | 9 | 4 | “tadabhivādinī eṣā ṛg bhavati”-|| "maṇḍūkāḥ (3)"-ityetat padaṃ vaktavyam | ya ete "maṇḍūkāḥ" ete "majjūkāḥ" | kasmāt ? "majjanāt" nityamagnā hota udake || "madateḥ vā" syāt "modatikarmaṇaḥ" nityapramuditā hi te || "mandateḥ vā" syāt "tṛptikarmaṇaḥ" nityatṛptā hi te, pracurodakatvāt || "maṇḍayateḥ"- "iti vaiyākaraṇāḥ" te hi bhaktibhirnānācitrābhiḥ vidhātrā maṇḍitā bhavanti | "maṇḍa eṣām okaḥ"- "iti" "vā" 'maṇḍe' udake "eṣām" "okaḥ" nivāsaḥ-"iti vā" maṇḍūkāḥ | 9 | 5 | teṣāmeṣā bhavati-|| "teṣām eṣāṃ bhavati"-|| “vasiṣṭho varṣakāmaḥ” iti | stutilābhanimittaṃ sa kila varṣantaṃ “parjanyam” “tuṣṭāva” | “taṃ maṇḍūkāḥ” “anvamodanta”-stuhi stuhi iti | “saḥ” tān “maṇḍūkān” “anumodamānān” vāśyamānān “dṛṣṭvā” labdhaṃ varṣanimittamiti parituṣṭaḥ, tāneva “tuṣṭāva” | 9 | 6 | yathā caitadevam, “tadabhivādinī eṣā ṛg bhavati”-|| ### [203.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.nirukta.yaska!durga.203.3) saḥ "aśvaḥ(1)" ca punarayaṃ "vyākhyātaḥ" eva prāk-"aśnute adhvānaṃ mahāśano bhavatīti vā" ( 2 | 27 ) ityatra | 9 | "tasya" "eṣā" prādhānyastutiḥ aśvastomīya eva-|| ### [203.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.nirukta.yaska!durga.203.7) "akṣāḥ (4)"- ityevamādīni naikastutitvāt pṛthivyā̍yatanatvasāmānyā̍diha varge samāmnātāni| teṣāṃ te ca yathāsamāmnānameva "akṣāḥ" prathamaṃ nirvaktavyāḥ| kasmāt ?' "aśnuvata enān prati vā" dīvyantaḥ kitavāḥ etān akṣān pāṇibhiḥ | "aśnuvate" vyāpayanti ta ete, aśroteḥ karmaṇi kārake| athavā "abhyaśnuvate" abhipūūrvasya tasyaivāśrroteḥ karaṇe kārake, tairhi kitavāḥ pratikitavaṃ dhanam abhyaśnuvate | "teṣām" "eṣā bhavati" stutiḥ-|| pravepiṇo mā mahato vibhīdakasya phalāni mādayanti | pravātejāḥ pravaṇejāḥ | iriṇe vartamānāḥ || iriṇaṃ nirṛṇam ṛṇāterapārṇaṃ bhavati, aparatā asmādoṣadhaya iti vā| somasyeva maujavatasya bhakṣaḥ || maujavato mūjavati jātaḥ || mūjavān parvato muñjavān || muñjo vimucyata iṣīkayā || iṣīkeṣatergatikarmaṇaḥ | iyamapītareṣīkaitasmādeva | vibhīdako vibhedanād || jāgṛvirjāgaraṇāt| mahyamacacchadat praśaṃsatyenān prathamayā nindatyuttarābhirakṣapariyūnasyaitadārṣaṃ vedayante | "mahataḥ" "mā" mām "mādayanti" harṣayanti vā, tarpayanti vā | "pravātejāḥ" pracuravāte sthāne kāle vā jātāḥ, prāvṛṭkāle, pakvānāṃ vā pracuravāte kāle patanābhiprāyaṃ janma | "vibhīdakaḥ" eka eva vā viśeṣyate yaḥ pravaṇe udakabahule deśe jātaḥ, "tasya phalāni" akṣāḥ | "iriṇe varvṛtānāḥ" nirgatarṇe āsphurakasthāne varttamānāḥ, na hi tatra putrapautrānugamaṇaṃ bhavati | "apārṇa" vā, upasargasyānyatvameva kevalam, athavā-"apārṇam" apagatodakam | "aparatā asmāt oṣadhayaḥ iti vā" kathaṃ mādayanti ? "somasya iva" yathā somasya "maujabatasya" "bhakṣaḥ" yajamānaṃ mādayati, harṣayati, tarpayati tathā | "vibhīdakaḥ" vibhettā koṣṭhayasya, "jāgṛviḥ" jāgaraṇakarttā, yo jayati, sa harṣeṇa jāgartti, yo'pi jīyate sa duḥkhena jāgartti | sa eṣaḥ vibhīdakaḥ evamprakāraḥ "mahyam" "acchān" "acacchadat" svena phalaśabdena sarvārtheṣu punaḥ punaḥ bhṛśaṃ vā manaḥ chādayitvā devane evaikasmin mama manaḥ utsā̍hayati || "maujabataḥ" somaḥ | sa kasmāt ? "mūjavani jātaḥ" || atha "mūjavān" kaḥ ? "parvataḥ" | sa kasmāt mūjavān ? "muñjavān" muñjaistadvān || atha "muñjaḥ" kasmāt ? sa hi "vimucyataṃ iṣīkayā" || atha "iṣīkā" kasmāt ? "iṣateḥ gatikarmaṇaḥ" sā hi nirgatā bhavati muñjāt | "iyamapītarā iṣīkā etasmādeva" yā halīṣā, anyā vā, sāpi hi nirgatā bhavati | 9 | ## Linked texts (1) - [Nirukta](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.nirukta.yaska.9.1) — Yāska, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.nirukta.yaska!durga.203](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.nirukta.yaska!durga.203) · Pramāṇa