Yāska's Nirukta 172
Niruktavṛtti 172
- Language
- Sanskrit
Contents
- 172.2 — 4 parts
172.1
“tisra eva devatā iti nairuktāḥ”-iti upodghātaḥ | "saiṣā devatopaparīkṣā"(7 |
3) ityadhikāre varttamāne “yatkāma ṛṣiyaṃsyām” ( 7 |
4 ) ityevamādimantradevatālakṣaṇamuktam, tat punaradevatātvādaśvādīnām “ā no mitro varuṇo aryyamā”-- ityevamādiṣu vyāhanyamānamapekṣya “sa na manyeta” (7 | 4) ityevamādināśrite “māhābhāgyād devatāyā eka ātmā bahudhā stūyate” (7 | 4) ityevamādinā "puruṣa evedaṃ sarvaṃ yadbhūtaṃ yacca bhavyam (ṛ0 saṃ08, 4, 17, 2) "-- iti || evamādibhyo mantravākyebhyaḥ "athāto vibhūtayo'sya puruṣasya”ityevamādibhyaśca brāhmaṇebhyaḥ - “eṣa indra eṣa prajāpatiḥ” - ityevamādibhyaścaikātmye sāmarthyamunnīyyātmavitvakṣeṇa ātmaivedaṃ sarvam - ityaikātmyamuktam | ātmavidāṃ hyātmanyupajātaviśiṣṭajñānānāmātmaśarīrasthānāmātmamayamevedaṃ sarvamanupaśyatāmātmārthaḥ sarvo vedo'nyā ca sarvā vāk | na hyātmano'nyad vyatiriktamabhidheyamasti, sattvāviśeṣād yadabhidhānamabhidadhyāt || atha punarutkramaḥ puruṣārthasya prathamaniśreṇīphalasthānīyena kevalenādhiyajñena | tatra cāvadhāne adhidaivatādhyātmajñānaṃ kiñcid viduṣaḥ pṛthagātmano devatāḥ paśyataḥ, paricchinnaphalābhimrāyarayādhiyajñaṃ prayuyukṣamāṇasya pūrvajanmāvidyāvāsitāntaḥkaraṇāsyābhidhānastutibhedābhyāṃ vidhamantrārthavādavidyāvaśena yathāgrahaṃ pṛthagiva devatāḥ prakā-
śante | taduktam,-"atha yo'nyāṃ devatāmupāste anyo'sāvanyo'hamasmīti na sa veda"-iti | tadāhuḥ,-"ātmayājī śreyān devayājī vā ? iti, ātmayājīti ha brūyāt" iti | tadevaṃ brahmadevatāvṛkṣasya mūlam aikātmyamātmavidaḥ pratyavabhāsate | yāvadabhidhānaṃ tu yājñikānprati vidhimātrapradhānāt yaccāvaśiṣyate, tannairuktāt pratyavabhāsate | ata idamucyate,-"tisra eva devatā iti nairuktāḥ" | tisra iti saṃkhyā | evetyavadhāraṇamitarau pakṣau apekṣya |
7 |
5 |
172.2.1
katamāstāḥ ? iti,-"agniḥ pṛthivīsthānaḥ, vāyurvā indro vā antarikṣasthānaḥ, sūryaḥ dyusthānaḥ" || kayopapattyā tritva parijagmuḥ ? sthānabhedāt, pratyakṣaliṅgādanyārthadarśanācca || liṅgaṃ tridhā hi bhavati"vi̱śvaka̍rmā hyaja̍niṣṭa de̱va ādidga̍ndha̱rvo a̍bhavad dvi̱tīya̍ḥ | tṛ̱tīya̍ḥ pi̱tā ja̍ni̱tauṣa̍dhīnāma̱pāṃ garbha̱ṃ vya̍dadhātpuru̱trā ( ṛ0 sa0 ya0 vā0 saṃ0 17, 32 )"-iti || atra, "a̱jasya̱ nābhā̱vadhyeka̱marpi̍tam ( ṛ0 sa0 8, 3, 17, 6 )"-iti || anyārthadarśanācca | "prajāpatirvai trīnmahimno'sṛjatāgni vāyuṃ sūryyam" iti || "prajāpatirlokānabhyatapat tebhyo'bhitaptebhyorasān prāvṛhadagniṃ pṛthivyā vāyumantarikṣāt sūryyaṃ divaḥ"-iti "agniḥ pṛthivīsthānaḥ, vāyurvendro vāntarikṣasthānaḥ, sūryyo dyusthānaḥ"-iti "tisraḥ"-iti prakṛteḥ svarūpagrahaṇāt sthānabheda tritve hetumupasaṃsūcayati || kuto niyamo'gnyādīnāṃ pṛthivyādiṣu ? nigamebhyaḥ,-"pṛthivyasi [ ca ] janmanā vaśāsāgniṃ garbhamadhatthāḥ, antarikṣamasi janmanā vaśāsā vāyuṃ garbhamadhatthāḥ, dyaurasi janmanā vaśāsā''dityaṃ garbhamadhatthāḥ"-ityevamādibhyo nigamebhyaḥ || "vāyurvendro vā"-iti kimekasya paryāyavacanāvetau śabdau, utābhidheyau bhidyete ? iti | kutaḥ sandehaḥ ?, ubhayathā hi prasiddhiḥ-pratyabhidhānaṃ cārthabhedo dṛṣṭaḥ-gauḥ aśvaḥ iti yathā, abhidhānabhede'pi caikārthatā dṛṣṭā-hastaḥ karaḥ pāṇiḥ iti yathā | ato yuktaḥ saṃśaya iti || yājñikapakṣe tāvadadoṣaḥ | arthabhede'pi caiteṣāṃ yāvantyabhidhānāni tāvatyo devatāḥ | asya punarācāryasya svasiddhāntāvalambinaḥ "tisra eva devatāḥ"-
172.2.2
iti pratijñātavataḥ kuto vāyvindraśabdayorarthabhedaḥ ? bhede hi pratijñāhāniḥ syāt | api ca bhede'bhiprete naikavacanena niradekṣyadantarikṣasthāna iti | abhidhānamātre bhinne'pyabhidheyasya cābhede antarikṣamasya sthānamityupapatteḥ | ṣaṣṭhyekavacano viśeṣyo'ntarikṣasthānaśabdena viśeṣyate, itarathā hyantarikṣasthānau ityavakṣyat dvayorviśeṣyayoḥ | api ca "vāyavāhi darśat (ṛ0 saṃ0 1, 1, 3, 1)"-iti || vāyoḥ prādhānyastutimudāhṛtya tāṃ nirucya tasyāṃ somapānasambandhamupalakṣya-aindratvaṃ ca somasyāvetya "a̱ṃśura̍ śu̱ṣṭe"ityetasmin "ā tvamindrā̍ya pyāyasva" "tubhya̱mindra̍ḥ pyāya̍tām"-iti nānyatrendraśabdāt mukhyābhisambandhino madhyamāt somapānaṃ sambhavatīti pratītya vāyuśabdasyendraśabdena samānārthatāṃ dṛḍhamavadhārya amṛṣyamāṇo vāyuśabdasya madhyasādarthāntare vṛttimaparyāyaśabdavādināmākṣipannāha "kamanyaṃ madhyamāddevamavakṣyat" ( 10 | )-iti | uttaramapi ca yamudājahāra nigamaṃ "tasyaiṣā parā bhavati" (10|
172.2.3
satyapi tu paryāyavacanatve mukhyataraḥ sambandho madhyamasyendraśabdena, na tathā vāyuvaruṇarudrādibhiḥ | tat kutaḥ ? tathā nigame darśanāt- "sā prathamā saṃsskṛtirviśvavārā sa prathamo varuṇo mitro agniḥ | sa prathamo bṛhaspatiścikitvāṃstasmā3indrāya sutamājuhotaḥ svāhā"-iti | sā prathamā saṃskṛtirityetasmiñchukrāmanthinorhavanamantre yo madhyamo varuṇo'pi mitro'gniḥ, tasmai indrāya sutam ājuhota iti varuṇādīnanukramya viśeṣataścaturthyantena indraśabdena sampradānena sambadhnāti tasmai madhyamāyendrāyeti || tasmāt sampradānena sāmānādhikaraṇyāt mantrānte madhyamaśabdendraśabdayormukhyataraḥ sambandha iti gamyate | yathāsya madhyamasya jyotiṣo mukhyaḥ sambandha indraśabdena, tathetarayorapi pārthivottamayormiksūryaṃśabdābhyām , prasiddhataratvāt sambandhasya | na tathetarairjātavedaḥprabhṛtibhiḥ | sati ca gauṇamukhyatve yuktaṃ yadanyābhidhānena prasiddhatarasambandhena pārthivasya jyotiṣa upadeśaḥ kriyate, na jātavedaḥprabhṛtibhiḥ, tathottamasya sūryaśabdena upadeśaḥ kriyate, na savitṛbhagaprabhṛtibhiriti || kasmāt punarmadhyamasya śabdadvayenopadeśaḥ kriyate, pārthivottamayorekaikena ? iti | madhyamasya hi dvau karmātmānau vidyudvāyvākhyau | tayoranityadarśana eko vidyudākhyaḥ, nitya-
172.2.4
darśanastu vāyvākhyaḥ tvagindriyapratyakṣaḥ| tat kathaṃ nāma triṣvapi sthāneṣvabhimāninyau devatāḥ karmātmabhiravairamyeṇa pratyakṣata evopadiṣṭāḥ syuḥ 1 ityataḥ “vāyurmadhyamasthānaḥ”-iti vāyvākhyena karmātmanā madhyamasthānamuddiśyāmukhyatvād vāyvabhidhānasya, mukhyatvāccaindrābhidhānasya “indro vā”-ityāha | evamubhaya kṛta bhaviṣyati,-anuparatākriyāvyāpāratā ca madhyamasya vāyvākhyena karmātmanā itarajyotirviddarśitā bhaviṣyati, mukhyena cendraśabdena mukhyaḥ sambandho'parihāpito bhaviṣyatītyubhayamuktam ,-“vāyurvendro vāntarikṣasthānaḥ”iti | na tu pārthivottamayordvau dvau karmātmānau sto yathā madhyamasthānasya, tasmādadoṣo madhyamasthānasyābhidhānadvayoktāviti | 7 | 5 |
172.3
1)-ityupodgatyaitasmādaindrādeva sūktāt "a̱syendra̍sya vā̱yorya̍thā bha̱kṣo na vi̱dasye̍t, taiainama̱bhivaheyuḥ"iti vāyuśabdasyendraviśeṣaṇatvaṃ pratītya indrapradhānatvāt sūktasya ca indra upāttaḥ | tasmādācāryasya madhyamaparyāyavacanāvetau śabdāviti ||
āha-yadidamabhidhānabahutva jātavedā vaiśvānara ityevamādi, tritve satyetat kiṃ kṛtam ? iti | ucyate-“tāsāṃ māhābhāgyāt ekaikasyā api bahūni nāmadheyāni bhavanti” | tāsāmeva tisṛṇāmagnyādīnāṃ māhābhāgyāt aiśvaryayogāt ekātmānamanekadhā vikurvantīnām ekaikasyāḥ prativikāraṃ jātavedāḥ, vaiśvānaraḥ, varuṇaḥ, rudraḥ, aśvinau, uṣā ityevamādīni bahūni nāmadheyāni bhavanti, pratisthāna svaprakṛtyabhedādekātmyavadevaikatva na jahāti sā sā devateti |
7 |
5 |
172.4
“api vā karmapṛthaktvāt” | api vaivaṃ vikaraṇadharmitvādabhinnaprakṛtīnā bahunāmatā | api vā sva svamātmānamavikurvatīnāmevānekakarmayogāt karmapṛthaktvahetuko nāmadheyalābhaḥ syāt | ko dṛṣṭāntaḥ ? || “yathā-hotā, adhvaryuḥ, brahmā, udgātāiti api ekasya sataḥ” kuṇḍapāyināmayane | tatra hi satra dīkṣante, ta eva ca svaya karma kurvate, teṣāṃ ṣaṭ, ṣoḍaśānāṃ paryāyeṇa karma kurvate, tat karma kurvāṇāḥ tadākhyā bhavanti, yathā loke kārakalāvakapām̐cakādayaḥ | tadetat pradarśitaṃ bhavati,-na kiñcidapyatra gauṇamabhidhānam, sāvajñātapadatve tvagnyādīnā sajñāśabdānāṃ teṣāṃ kārakādiśabdaireṣa viśeṣo yadayanayanādiguṇayoge'pyasati nāmnyādīn jahāti, kārakādiśabdāstu karaṇādi-
yogasamanantarameva kārakādīn jahāti | evametadgauṇatvamabhidhānānāmapekṣyoktam,— “api vā karmapṛthaktvāt”—iti || api vaiśvaryādubhayathāpi śakyapratīghātād upapadyata ekaikasyā api bahunāmati |
7 |
172.5
“api vā pṛthageva syuḥ pṛthagdhi stutayo bhavanti” | api caivaṃ yathoktamekaikasyā māhābhāgyāt karmapṛthaktvādvā bahunāmattā | api vā pṛthak pṛthak atyantabhinnā evautpattikena bhedena syuriti yājñikā āhuḥ –“pṛthak hi stutayo bhavanti”—iti || kuta etat yājñikā āhuḥ ? iti | adhiyajñe hi stutiniyamo bhavatyabhidhānaniyamaśceti adhiyajñamiti vyākhyeyam–pṛthagvi stutayo bhavanti–iti | hīti hetau, yasmāt pṛthak pṛthak agnyādīnāṃ stutayo bhavanti–| pṛthagagneḥ–“agnimīḷe”—ityevamādyāḥ ( ṛ0 saṃ0 1, 1, 1, 1 )—iti || pṛthag jātavedasaḥ–agniliṅgaṃ sūktam “pranūnaṃ jātavedasam ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 8, 46, 1 )—”iti || pṛthagindrasya–“haribhyām” | pṛthagvāyoḥ– “niyudbhiḥ” || pṛthak sūryyasya–“haridbhiḥ | pūṣṇo'jābhiḥ, aruṇībhirgebhiruṣasām”| stutivyabhicāre ca prāyaścittam | tadanupapannaṃ ca paryāyavacanatve teṣām | te vayaṃ stutiniyamāt paśyāmaḥ–pṛthak pṛthagimaivaiśvānaraprabhṛtaya iti |
7 |
4 ) | anaikāntika eṣa dṛṣṭāntaḥ | dṛṣṭo hi prakṛtibhedāt pratikarmabhedaḥ |
172.6
“tathābhidhānāni” | yathaiva hi stutibhedāt stutyabhedaḥ, evamevābhidhānabhedādabhidheyabhedo'pi bhavitumarhati | prasiddhataraṃ cedaṃ loke pratyabhidhānamarthabheda iti, na tathaikasyānekābhidhānatā | tasmāt pṛthakpṛthagignijātavedovaiśvānarādiśabdānā mabhidheyā iti sthitiḥ | stutiṣveva hi abhidhānabheda iti samānārthatā hetvoḥ ? iti cet | na, vidhāvapyabhidhānaniyamadarśanāt–“āgneyamaṣṭākapālaṃ nirvapet” iti yenaivābhidhānena codyate, tenaiva nirvapaṇādārabhya samāpyate, tasmādasamānārthateti |
172.7
“yatho etat” yat punaretaduktam “karmapṛthaktvāditi” ( 7 |
172.8
sā ca pṛthaktvāditivyavasthā māhābhāgyādityācāryyeṇātra pṛthaktve heturna pratyuktaḥ, iṣṭa eva hi yājñikapakṣe pratyabhidhānamarthabheda iti | tat kimekatvaṃ nāstyeva ? taccāsti guṇataḥ || kaṃthaṃm ? .“tatra sasthānaikatvaṃ sambhogaikatvaṃ ca upekṣitavyam” | tatra tasmina pṛthaktve sati sasthānaikatvaṃ sambhogaikatvaṃ ca upapattita īkṣitavyam | tatra dṛṣṭāntaḥ,“yathā pṛthivyāṃ manuṣyāḥ paśavo devā iti sthānaikatvam, sambhogaikatvaṃ ca dṛśyate” | sahasthānatayā ekatvaṃ sthānaikatvam, pṛthivītyukte yāvatāṃ sahabhāvena samānaṃ sthānam, te sarve tadgrahaṇena gṛhyante, evamuttarayorapi sthānayoḥ || evamprakāramekatvam, sambhogaikatvaṃ copekṣitavyam || sambhogahetukamekatva sambhogaikatvam | sambhogo nāma itaretaropakāritvam, samānakāryyatetyarthaḥ | tacca punarbhinnasthānānāmapi bhavati, kimaṅga punaḥ samānasthānānāmiti | “yathā pṛthivyāḥ parjanyena ca, vāyvādityābhyāṃ ca sambhogaḥ”| katham ? pṛthivyoṣadhyutpattau svakāryyārambhe parjanyavāyvādityakṛtamupakāramapekṣate | taduktam,-“trayestapanti pṛthivīmanūpāḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 7, 7, 19, 3 )”-iti || “agninā ca itarasya lokasya” | tadapyuktam,-“agnirvā ito vṛṣṭiṃ samīrayati”, “divaṃ jinvantyugnayaḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 3, 23, 5 )”-iti ca || tadevamprakāramekatva kāryyaikatvāt sthānaikatvādvā bhāktaṃ na pratiṣidhyate | loke'pi samānakāryyatā bhavati yeṣāṃ teṣāmaikyamityucyate |
172.9
kaḥ punaratrāvirodhī bhedābhede dṛṣṭāntaḥ ? iti | ubhaye hi pramāṇaṃ bhedābhedavādinaḥātmavijñairaikatvāhikāḥ | na hi te svamanīṣikayā bhedābhedau prakalpayanti | kiṃ tarhi ? | mantrārthamīkṣya | tasmād vaktavyaḥ samañjaso dṛṣṭāntaḥ ? | ucyate-“tatra etat nararāṣṭram
iva" | yathā rāṣṭramityabhedaḥ, narā iti bhedaḥ, evaṃ pṛthivyagnirityabhedaḥ, jātavedā vaiśvā• nara iti bhedaḥ | evamuttarayorapi sthānayoḥ | tathā ātmaivetyabhedaḥ, lokāśca lokinaśceti bhedaḥ | sarvatraiva sāmānyaviśeṣadharmo draṣṭavyaḥ | puruṣabuddhyapekṣataśca guṇapradhānato'pekṣā puruṣānurāgaviśeṣaitaḥ ||
tatraivaṃ sati ātmavida ātmani tritvanānātve guṇīkṛtya tadaṅgapratyaṅgabhāvena kalpayitvaikamātmānaṃ paśyanti | tathā nānātvaikatve nairuktā iti tritve, tathā tritvaikatve yājñikā nānātve | evameṣāmavirodhaḥ | asti hi śabdārthayoḥ vaktṛpratipaittṛvaśena tadbuddhyapekṣayā anvayavyatirekābhyāṃ vartituṃ śaktiḥ, na tu svābhāvikamabhidhānābhidheyasambandhamakṛtakamapracyaivamānāvabhidhānābhidheyau jahītòm | na hyagneravabhāsyaṃ pratyavabhāsanaśaktiḥ, avabhāsyasya cāvabhāsyamānatāśaktirvyavadhānamantareṇa vihanyate | na hyakṛtakaṃ svayamapyadhītako vikalpate | vaidikānāṃ padavākyapramāṇānāmātmabhāvānuśayaveśanāttamivaineruktayājñikā vedasyāviparyāsinīmapyadhyātmārthādhidaivādhiyajñaviṣayaniyatāmarthābhidhānaśaktiṃ viparyāsinīmiva manyamānāḥ parasparato viparyasyante | tadetat sarvathāpi bhedābhedavartti devatātastvaṃ yathāgrahaṃ vaktṛpratipaittṛvaśena prakhyātimupanayat, stutirūpakeṇātmano'rthasatattvaṃ tathābhūtaṃ mantrairāviṣkriyate | taduktam,-"tatropamārthena yuddhavarṇā bhavanti" (2|
16 | 2)- iti | darśitaṃ caitanmantreṇa,-"natvaṃ yuyutse"- iti | niścitarūpatvena hyesvai vidhye'dhyātmārdau paramārthatayā aikātmye niṣṭhā, tadantatvād vācaḥ | taduktam,"yato vāco nivarttante"- iti |
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit