Yāska's Nirukta 173
Niruktavṛtti 173
- Language
- Sanskrit
173.1
"athākāracintanaṃ devatānām" | āha-māhābhāgyād devatāyā vikaraṇadharmitvādaniyama ākāraṃ, atha niyamaḥ ? nanvevaryavyāghātānmāhābhāgyāddevatāyā ityetadvyāhanyate, tasmādathākāracintanaṃ devatānāmityetadanārabhyam ? ucyate-ārabhyameva | prakṛtisattāmanapekṣya vikaraṇaṃ nāma devatādharmo nāsti | tasmāt prakṛtiścintyate devatāyāḥ | api ca, yata eveśvarā devāstata evobhayarbhāāvitvāt 'kimākāravattvaṃ svabhāvo devatāyāḥ, athavā nirākāravattvam ?' iti satattvaparijñānāya cintyate ||
astu tāvadiyaṃ cintā, kimidamaviśeṣeṇa pakṣatrayamasyāścintāyā viṣayaḥ, uta vā kasmiṃściddevaikasmin pakṣe dvayorvaitāccintyate ? iti ||
iha tāvadātmavidāṃmeka ātmā sa prāgvikārāpatteḥ sanmātra udastavvāṃkṛtiḥ, sargasthityorupāttasarvākṛtiḥ, tadevamasāvanākṛtiḥ, sarvākṛtirvā ? ityanāspadabhūto'syāści ntāyā ātmavitpakṣaḥ | atha punaryadāsauvupāttatristhānāvastho nairuktapakṣābhimataḥ1...madhyamūrddhabhāvaṃ bibharti tadāpi pratyakṣatvādaviṣayatvamasyāścintāyāḥ | pratyakṣatvātteṣāmapauruṣavidhyasya tatpakṣo'pyā kārāṃcintāviṣayābhāvādudastya eva || atha punaryāśikānāṃ yāvadabhidhānaṃ devatāpakṣavādinām agnrivāyusūryābhidhānāni pratyakṣārthābhi[dhāna]sambandhīni, jātavedohvrendraparjanyāśviprabhṛtīntyapratyakṣārthābhisambandhīni | śabdamātraṃ pratyakṣam | abhidhānānāṃ ca loke dṛṣṭamākṛtipadārthavattvam, anākārārthavattvaṃ ca, rudrendrādīnāṃ śabdānāṃ mantragatānāṃ laukikairmaneṣyādiśabdairvāyvātmākāśādibhirvābhidhānavattvaṃ tulyam ? tatraitad bhavati, apratyakṣatvādudrādyabhidhānānāmarthasya, - kinn khalvamī rudrādiśabdāḥ manuṣyādiśabdavadākāravam̐darthenārthavantaḥ, uta vāyvātmākāśādiśabdavadanākāreṇa ? iti || evamayamasyāścintāyā yājñikapakṣo viṣayaḥ "api vā pṛthageva syuḥ” ( 7 |
5 | 5 )-iti | ata eva yājñikapakṣādanantaramidamārabdham,–"athākāracintanaṃ devatānām”—iti |
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173.2
kimākārasya cintyate ?, kimāsti uta nāsti ? iti | yadyasti kīdṛśaḥ ? iha dvividhā ākāriṇo'rthāḥ,–cetanāvvācetanāśca | tatra cetanā manuṣyādayaḥ,acetanāśca pāṣāṇādayaḥ | tatraitada bhavati-kimamī manuṣyādivacetanāḥ uta pāṣāṇādivadacetanāḥ, dravyamātraṃ pratyakṣam ?-ityupodvṛtya saṃśayaḥ || tadvyudāsāya pakṣaḥ parigṛhyate-'puruṣavidhāḥ syuḥ iti ekam”-iti | mantrapratya yamastitvaṃ devatāyā abhyupagatam,-yatkāma ityupakramya taddevataḥ sa mantro bhavatīti,sati hi devatāstitve taddevatatvaṃ mantrasya|yadi caivamākāro'pi tatpratyaya eva bhavitumarhati? asti cedaṃ pauruṣavidhyaṃ mantreṣu devatāsaṃvijñātapadamambandhīti | yata ucyate–"puruṣavidhāḥ syuḥ iti ekam" | mantreṣu darśanam iti vākyaśeṣaḥ | ‘puruṣavidhāḥ’ puruṣaprakārāḥ, puruṣavigrahā ityarthaḥ,|
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173.3
ko'tra hetuḥ ? "cetanāvadvāddhi stutayo bhavanti" | 'hi' śabdo hetvarthaḥ, yasmāścetanāvatāmeva stutayo mantrā abhidhāyakā bhavanti | pūrvo vatirmatvarthe, uttarastulyārthe, tasmāt puruṣākāravigrahā iti || nanu caitanyamapuruṣākāravigrahāṇāmapi hi gavādīnāmasti nu nāsti | na tu te vivekakṣamā āsannacetanāḥ | loke'pi hi yasya hitāhitavivekalakṣaṇaṃ viśiṣṭaṃ saṃvijñānaṃ na bhavati, tamadhikṛtya bruvate-niścetano'yamiti | evamete ca gavādayaḥ satyapi caitanye āsannacaitanatyānna viduḥ śvastanam | na lokālokāviti hi vijñāyate, tasmādacetanā ivopekṣyante | puruṣastu veda śvastanam, veda lokālokau, martyenāmṛtatvamīpsatīti | tasmāddhitāhitaparijñānāt pauruṣavidhyasyaivaṃ siṣādhayiṣitatvādanapekṣyasāmānyaṃ viśiṣṭacaitanyaḥ puruṣo niyamyate | yathaiva cetayamānā arthān puruṣāḥ śrūyante, tathaiva devatā api | tasmāt “puruṣavidhāḥ syuḥ"ityupapannam |
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173.4
“tathābhidhānāni” yathaiva pauruṣavidhyamupapadyate cetanāvatsaddaśastutibhiḥ | tat prati tāḥ kāraṇaṃ bhavanti | tathaiva saṃvādasūkteṣu parasparamabhidhānāni uktapratyuktāni sambaddhārthāni parasparataḥ, kayāśubhīyādiṣu kutastvamindretyevamādīni | tasmāt pauruṣavidhyaṃ devatānām |
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173.5
"athāpi" ayamaparo hetuḥ pauruṣavidhye devatānām ,-“pauruṣavidhikairaṅgaiḥ saṃstūyante" | pauruṣavidhyatve yānyaṅgāni, taiḥ saṃstūyante | tadyathā,-ṛṣvā te̍ indra̱ sthavi̍rasya bāhū" | "yatta̍tsaṅgṛbhṇā ma̍ghavan kāśiritte”|| "u̱ruṃ nau lo̱kamanu̍neṣi vi̱dvān svarvi̱jjyoti̱rabha̍yaṃ sva̱sti | ṛ̱ṣvā ta̍ indra̱ sthavi̍rasya bā̱hū upa̍stheyāma śaraṇā bṛ̱hantā̍ || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 7, 31, 3 )"-iti ||
śaṃyorārṣam | triṣṭup | aindrī | ekādaśinyāmaindrasya paśorvapāyā yājyā || he indra vidvān jānaṃstvam 'uruṃ' vistīrṇaṃ 'lokaṃ' yaḥ tvam 'naḥ' asmān 'anuneṣi' anunayasi, svena sukṛtena karmaṇā gacchatāṃ gamanānugrahe varttase | 'svarvajjyotiḥ' ādityasamānaṃ prakāśena lokam, 'abhayam' 'svasti' svastyayanāya | tasya- “te” tava vayam “indra !” “ṛṣvā” ṛṣvau etau reṣaṇau śatrūṇām, “sthavirasya” mahataḥ “bāhū” hastau 'bṛhantā' bṛhantau mahāntau, 'śaraṇā' śaraṇyau āśrayaṇīyau nityam 'upastheyām' upattiṣṭhemetyetadāśāsmahe || “yatsaṅgṛhṇā maghavankāśiritte (ṛ0 saṃ0 3, 2, 1, 5)”—iti || vyākhyātaḥ śeṣaḥ | evamasmin mantradvaye bāhumuṣṭisambandhadarśanāt stutyasyaindrasya pauruṣavidhyam, anyathā hi vitathābhidhānatvaṃ mantrayoḥ, tathā ca satyānarthakyaṃ mantrāṇām, sarveṣāṃ śāstrasya ca tadarthalakṣaṇabhūtasya | tanmā bhūdityavaśyameveṣṭavyaṃ pauruṣavidhyaṃ devatānāmiti |
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173.6
“athāpi” ayamapyaparo hetuḥ pauruṣavidhye devatānām-“pauruṣavidhikaiḥ dravyasaṃyogaiḥ” | tadyathā-“ā dvābhyāṃ haribhyāmindra yāhi” “kalyāṇīrjāyā suraṇaṃ gṛhe te̍” || “ā dvābhyāṃ hari̍bhyāmindra yāhyā catu̍rbhi̱rā ṣa̱ḍbhirhūyamā̍naḥ | āṣṭābhirdaśa̍bhiḥ somapeyama̱yaṃ sutaḥ su̍makha̱māmṛ̍dhaskaḥ || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 6, 21, 4)”—iti || gṛtsamada ṛṣiḥ | aindrī | triṣṭup || he bhagavan ! indra ! yadi tāvat tava dvau harī sannihitau, tatastāveva rathe yuktvā, tābhyām “haribhyām” “āyāhi”| atha catvāraḥ ? tatastaiḥ 'caturbhiḥ' atha ṣaṭ ? tatastaiḥ 'ṣaḍbhiḥ' athāṣṭau ? tatastaiḥ 'aṣṭābhiḥ' atha daśa ? tatastaiḥ 'daśabhiḥ' 'ā' yāhi | idaṃ 'somapeyaṃ' somapānakarma prati | kim ? iti | evaṃ brūmahe, - 'ayaṃ' 'sutaḥ' somo'bhiṣrutaḥ tvadartham, sa tvaṃ he 'sumakha' sudhana ! 'mā' kenacit 'mṛdhaḥ' saṃgrāmaṃ 'kaḥ' kārṣīḥ, avilambitamāgacchetyabhiprāyaḥ || 'apāḥ soma̱masta̍mindra̱ prayā̍hi kalyāṇīrjāyāḥ suraṇaṃ gṛ̱he te̍ | 'yatrā̱ ratha̍sya bṛha̱to ni̱dhāna̍ṃ vi̱moca̍naṃ vā̱jino̱ dakṣi̍ṇāvat || (ṛ0 saṃ0 3, 3, 20, 1)”—iti .. viśvāmitrasyārṣam| triṣṭup| hāriyojanasyānuvākyā | he bhagavan ! ‘indra !’ ‘apāḥ’ pītavānasi ‘somam’ etasmin karmaṇi | sa tvaṃ punaḥ ‘astaṃ’ gṛhaṃ ‘prayāhi’ | yasmāt tava ‘kalyāṇīḥ jāyāḥ’ ‘tatra’ ‘bṛhataḥ’ ca ‘rathasya’ ‘nidhānaṃ’ rathaśālā, ‘vimocanaṃ’ ca ‘vājinaḥ’ jitvā saṃgrāmamāgatasya, ‘dakṣiṇāvat’ anyadapi, “suraṇaṃ” yadyadramaṇīyaṃ tattatsarvaṃ “te” tava “gṛhe” varttante | tasmāt punarastaṃ prayāhi || evametayormantrayorharigṛhajāyārathābhisambandhāt pauruṣavidhyamindrasya, na hyapauruṣavidhye sati sambandho jāyādibhirasti |
173.7
“athāpi” ayamaparo hetuḥ pauruṣavidhye | katamaḥ ? “pauruṣavidhikaiḥ karmabhiḥ” saṃstūyante devatāḥ | tadyathā,— “addhīndra piba ca prasthitasya,” “ā śrutkarṇa śrudhī havam” | “idaṃ ha̱virma̍ghavantubhya̍ṃ rā̱taṃ prati̍ sammrāḷahṛ̍ṇāno gṛbhāya | tubhya̍ṃ su̱to ma̍ghavantubhya̍ṃ pa̱kvo'ddhā̱ndi piba̍ ca pra̱sthita̍sya || (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 6, 21, 2)”—iti || abhiyuto nāma sthūraputraḥ, tasyārṣam | triṣṭup | aindrī | he ‘maghavan !’ ‘indra !’ ‘idaṃ’ ‘haviḥ’ ājyādikam, ‘tubhyaṃ rātam’ mattamāsmābhiḥ nirūptam, pūrve nirvapaṇādau saṃskārakāle | tadidānīṃ he ‘samrāṭ !’ ‘ahṛṇānaḥ’ ‘ahṛṇan pratigṛbhāya’ pratigṛhāṇa | api ca ‘tubhyaṃ’ tvadarthamevāyaṃ ‘sutaḥ’ abhiṣrutaḥ somaḥ | api ca he ‘maghavan’ ! tvadarthamevaiṣaḥ puroḍāśaḥ ‘pakvaḥ’ | sa tvam asya somasya ‘prasthitasya’ “addhi piba ca” svamaṃśamiti śeṣaḥ || “ā śru̱tka̱rṇa śru̱dhī hava̱ṃ nū ci̍ddadhiṣva me̱ gira̍ḥ | indra̱ stoma̍mi̱maṃ mama̍ kṛ̱ṣvā yu̱jaścidanta̍ram ( ṛ0 saṃ0 1, 1, 20, 3 )”—iti || madhucchandasa ārṣam | anuṣṭup | aindrī | śrotārau yasya karṇau apratihataśravaṇau sarvatra, sa bhavati śrutkarṇaḥ, tasya sambodhanam-he ‘śrutkarṇa !’ “ā” ābhimukhyena ‘śrudhi’ śṛṇu tvam “havam” āhvānamasmākam | śrutvā ca ‘nū cit’ purāṇa iva ‘dadhiṣva’ dhāra yasva, etāḥ ‘me’ mama ‘giraḥ’ hṛdayena | kiṃca, he bhagavan ! ‘indra !’ ‘mama’ ‘imaṃ stomam’ ‘yujaḥ’ tvadyuktasya tvāṃ pratyāhṛtasya punaḥ punarapi, muvantaḥ ‘kṛṣva’ kuruṣva śrotum ‘antaram’ kṣaṇamityarthaḥ || evamanayormantrayoḥ aṅgi, āśṛṇuhīti āmantraṇapūrvakādaraśravaṇapūrvako viniyogaḥ, sa na sambhavatyapauruṣavidhye, na hi gavādayo aṅgi, ā śṛṇuhītyuktāḥ kiñcit pratipadyante | tasmāt kāryakāraṇasanniveśo manuṣyavaddevatānām, kāryakāraṇāpekṣaṃ ca vigānam | tadevametebhyo mantradarśanebhyaḥ sthitaṃ pauruṣavidhyaṃ mantradevatānāmiti|