Yāska's Nirukta 190
Niruktavṛtti 190
- Language
- Sanskrit
190.1
"athāta āpriyaḥ" | āpriyaḥ idhmādīni āprīṣu nirvaktavyāni, tāni punaramūni praiṣike āprīsūkte pāṭhakramaniyamād vivakṣitakarmāṇīti devatāpadasamāmnāye'pi gṛhyamāṇa-
tvāt pāṭhakramaprayojanasya vivakṣitakramā ṇyeva | tatraitad bhavati | imānyagnijātavedo vaiśvānaraprabhṛtīni kiṃ vivakṣitakramāṇi uta yugapadabhidhānāsambhavāt arthata eṣāṃ kramaḥ ? iti || tatra vivakṣitakramāṇīti kecit | katham ? iti | iha tāvat sthānāni bhūrbhuvaḥ svariti pāṭhānupūrvyaiva niyatānīti tatsthānināmapyagnyādīnāṃ sa eva kramo gṛhyate | sa gṛhyamāṇo na nyāyya utsraṣṭumiti| api ca sati kramaprayojane 'agniḥ pṛthivīsthāno yasmāt, atastaṃ prathamaṃ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ' iti hetuvacanamupapadyate | uttaratra ca, "tāsām idhmaḥ prathamāgāmī bhavati"--iti, "teṣāmaśvaḥ prathamāgāmī bhavati"-iti, "teṣāṃ rathaḥ prathamā gāmī bhavati"-iti | tatra tatra prathamāgāmī bhavatīti vacanaṃ yathāpradhānamabhidhānaṃ pūrvaṃ samāmnātamityasya nyāyasyopapradarśanārthamiti lakṣyate, itarathā hyavivakṣitakrameṣu prathamāgāmivacanamakṛtvaiva yatkiñcit padamupādadyāt | tadetat pṛthivīsthāne sarvatra kramayojanamucyate-pārthivasya jyotiṣo yathā agni-śabdena prasiddhatamaḥ sambandhaḥ, na tathā jāta vedaḥ-śabdena, yathā jātavedaḥ-śabdena, na tathā vaiśvānara-śabdena, yathā ca vaiśvānaraśabdena, na tathā draviṇodaḥ-śabdena | tānyetāni guṇaviprakarṣāt, prasiddhiviprakarṣācca agniśabdāt | viprakṛṣyante idhmādīnāṃ tu vyavadhānenāgnyabhidhānatvamityatitarāṃ viprakarṣaḥ, aśvaprabhṛtayastu sthānamātramagnerbhajanta iti idhmaprabhṛtibhyo'pi viprakṛṣyante | teṣāmapi ca uditaprauṇavṛttayo 'śvaśakunimaṇḍūkā iti prathamam, anuditaprauṇavṛttayastu akṣādayaḥ te paścādādvandvebhyaḥ | ityevaṃ sarvatra kramaprayojanamupedhyam | śākapūṇistu pṛthivīnāmabhya evopakramya svayameva sarvatra kramaprayojanamāha | taduktaṃ vārttikakāreṇa"kramaprayojanaṃ nāmnāṃ śākapūṇyupalakṣitam | prakalpayedanyadapi na prajñāmavasādayet |"-iti || prakṛtamidānīmupaivarṇyate-idhmādīnāṃ guṇābhidhānasāmānyaṃ kiñcidasti, yatastenādhikāravacanam-"athāta āpriyaḥ"-iti | atha-iti viśeṣādhikāre | ataḥ-ityānantarye | 'āpriyaḥ' vakṣyanta iti vākyaśeṣaḥ |
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“tāsām idhmaḥ (2 ) prathamāgāmī bhavati” prathamamāgantumasya āprīdevatāpadasamāmnāye śīlamiti prathamāgāmī kasmāt ?, tatpūrvakatvādijyāyāḥ, anityatvācca tanūnapānnarāśaṃsayoranyatarasya |
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“tasya” idhmasya, samitkalāpasya, “eṣā” prādhānyastutiḥ “bhavati”-||
"tanūnapāt (3)"-iti nirvaktavyam, tat punaretat "ājyam"' "iti kātthakyaḥ"|| 'agniriti śākapūṇiḥ" | yathā tāvadājyaṃ tathā nirucyate--"napāt-iti ananantarāyāḥ prajāyā nāmadheyam" yā pituranantarā, putrākhyā sā bhavati, ananantarā, pautrākhyetyarthaḥ | kiṃ kāraṇam ? sā hi "nirṇatatamā bhavati" katham ? putrastāvat piturnīcairnato bhavati, tato'pi nīcairnatatamaḥ pautraḥ | tatraitasmin pakṣe yaḥ "tanū"-śabdaḥ pūrvapadaṃ tanūnapācchabdasya, tena "gauḥ" "ucyate" | sā kasmāt ? "tatāḥ asyāṃ bhogāḥ" kṣīradadhyādayaḥ | tataḥ kim ? "tasyāḥ payo jāyate" tasyāḥ putraḥ payaḥ, "payasaḥ ājyaṃ jāyate" tasmāt tasyāḥ pautraḥ | evaṃ goḥ tanvākhyāyāḥ napāt ājyam | tasmāt tanūnapāt || agnipakṣe "āpaḥ" "atra" asmin agneḥ tanūnapāttvena "tanvaḥ ucyante" | tāḥ kasmāt ? "tatāḥ antarikṣe" | tataḥ kim ? "tābhyaḥ oṣadhivanaspatayo jāyante' "oṣadhivanaspatibhyaḥ" "eṣaḥ" agniḥ "jāyate" | tasmādayamapāṃ pautraḥ |
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"tasya" tanūnapātaḥ-ājyasya agnervā prādhānyastutiḥ "eṣā" "bhavati"-||
"narāśaṃsaḥ (4), yajña iti kātthakyaḥ" | kasmāt "narāḥ asmin āsīnā śaṃsanti" | naraśabda pūrvapadam, āserniṣṭhāntasya madhyam, śaṃsateruttarapadam | atha ko'rthaḥ ? "narāḥ" manuṣyāḥ "asmin" "āsīnāḥ" upaviṣṭāḥ "śaṃsanti" iti narāśaṃsaḥ |
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190.2
iha kāraṇādabhidheye abhidhānaniyamo nairuktānām, tadarthamupoddhṛtya “āpriyaḥ kasmāt ? āpnoteḥ prīṇātervā”—iti nirāha | āpriya ṛcaḥ, tatsambandhāt devatā api | tathāhi darśayati-“āprībhirāprīṇāti” “itīmā āprīdevatāḥ”-iti ca | ṛcastāvat āpnuvanti prīṇanti vā devatā ityāpriyaḥ | atha punardevatā āpyante 'āprīyante vā ityāpriyaḥ |
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“sami̍ddho a̱dya manu̍ṣo duro̱ṇe ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 6, 8, 1 )”—iti | jamadagnerārṣam | traiṣṭubham | sūktamevāhāgneyaṃ yāskaḥ || he idhma ! yastvaṃ “samiddhaḥ” sandīptaḥ, “adya” etasmin viśiṣṭe yajanīye'hani, “manuṣaḥ” “manuṣyasya manuṣyasya” samāne'hani pravṛttayāgānāṃ traivarṇikānām “duroṇe” yajñagṛhe “devaḥ” dātā haviṣāṃ hetukartṛtvena, devaḥ dīpto vā, dyotano vā, “devān” dānādiguṇayuktān etān hetukartṛtvena yāge'ṅgabhāvamupagacchan “yajasi” he “jātavedaḥ !” jātavedasa ādhāra iti tadabhidhānena sambodhyate | dṛṣṭā hi mañcastheṣu krośatsu tadabhidhānaprāptiḥ | athavā-jātavedā api
tvadṛte'nabhivyaktasvaśaktistvadādhāratvādaśakta evāyaṃ yaṣṭum, tasmāt jātavedastvadādhāro yajati yat, tat tvameva yajasītyucyaṃse | asmākamapyetasminnahani he “mitramahaḥ” mitrāṇāṃ pūjayitaḥ ! nityamabhyupekṣamāṇaḥ upakāravṛttau yajamānānāṃ “cikitvān” jānānaḥ “ā ca vaha” āhvaya ca, devān āhūya caitān yaja, tathāsmin karmaṇi jvalanaṅgabhāvamupehi, yathaitasmin karmaṇi haviḥ pratijighṛkṣanto'ṅgabhāvamīyurdevāḥ, api ca naitadaticitram, yadevamasmākamasmin karmaṇi varttethāḥ | kiṃ kāraṇam ? yato brūmaḥ“tvaṃ dūtaḥ kavirasi pracetāḥ” | agnyāveśādagniryadapekṣyocyase, -tvam eva dūtaḥ sarvayajamānānāṃ tvatpūrvakatvād devatāyāgasya, kaviḥ krāntadarśanaḥ-krāntaprakāśaḥ sarvatra, pracetāḥ prakṛṣṭaprajñānaḥ | yasmāt tvam ṛtvigyajamānānāṃ sāyujye hetuḥ, tasya tava yuktamasmākamāhūya devān yaṣṭumityato bramahe-āhūya cāsmākaṃ devān yaja ca |
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"tanūnapātpatha ṛtasya0"-iti | he 'tanūnapāt' ājya ! tvamucyase | etān 'pathaḥ" mārgān sarvān 'ṛtasya' yajñasya "yānān" havīṃṣi, yajñe yānyutsapanti, tāni 'madhvā' madhureṇa svādena "samañjan" samprakṣayan "svadaya" svādutāmāpādaya | he "sujihva !" jihvayā hi te etadevaṃ kurvan "manmāni' "mananāni" yāni ca vayaṃ manyāmahe'rthavastūni dhruvāṇyetāni naḥ syuriti tāni svobhiḥ 'dhībhiḥ' svaiḥ karmābhiḥ
abhidhāraṇālaṅkaraṇopastaraṇādibhiḥ "ṛndhan" 'saṃsādhayan svaguṇairupakurvan "samarddhaya" sampādaya | api caivaṃ kurvannetaṃ yajñaṃ samarddhaya sampādaya | yā kācidāpadutpadyate yajñasya tāṃ prāyaścittenāṅgabhāvamupagacchan "gamaya" "devatrā" "devān" prati, sviṣṭamadhvaramasmākaṃ ca kuruṣvetyarthaḥ | etadāśāsmahe tvattaḥ || agniriti śākapūṇimate he bhagavan ! 'agne !' 'tanūnapāt' tvam etān 'pathaḥ' 'ṛtasya' yajñasya 'yānān' havīṃṣi, 'madhvā' madhureṇa pākakṛtena rasena 'samañjan' samabhivyañjayan 'svadaya' mṛṣṭīkuru | he 'sujihva' svarcciḥ ! athavā he suvāk ! etānyevaṃ kurvannasmadabhimatānyarthavastūni naḥ saṃsādhayan 'yajñam' 'ṛndhan' samarddhayan svasāmarthyācca 'devatrā' devapraviṣṭaṃ kuru-ityetadāśāsmahe vayaṃ tvatta iti |
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"agniriti śākapūṇiḥ" | sa kasmāt ? "naraiḥ" "praśasyaḥ" stutya "bhavati" |
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"tasya" narāśaṃsasya "eṣā bhavati" prādhānyastutiḥ- ||
190.3
“yajñedhma iti kātthakyaḥ” | katthakasya putraḥ kātthakya ācāryyaḥ sa manyate,yo'yamidhma ādhīyate pratipraṇavamidhmo yajñe sa evāyamiti | nanvetasmin mantre na tasya liṅgamasti ? satyam,-nāsti sākṣāt, praiṣe tu “samidbhyaḥ preṣya”--iti śrūyate, yuktaṃ ca yadarthameva preṣyate sa evejyate | tasmāt samidhāmevedhmabhāvamupagatānāmabhinasandīptānāṃ samudāyāpekṣamiyam, vyavahitamabhidhānamāprīgataṃ samiddho adyeti samidha eva cemā ijyanta iti sphuṭamaiṣṭike hotre samidho yajeti preṣito hotā “samidhaḥ samidho agna •ājyasya vyantu”-iti vaṣaṭkaroti | tasmād yuktaṃ yat kātthakyo manyate yajñedhma iti |
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“narā̱śaṃsa̍sya mahi̱māna̍meṣā̱m0 ( ṛ0 saṃ0 5, 2, 1, 2 )”-iti | varttamāna eva karmaṇi bravīti | yo'yameṣāmabhimataphaladātā narāṇāṃ narāśaṃso yajñaḥ, dravyadevatātyāgātmakaḥ prayogaḥ, tasya adhiṣṭhātā, tadvayagnī devatāviśeṣe jagadutpattyanugrahabījam | “narāśaṃsasya” vayam “upastoṣāmaḥ” “upastumaḥ” upagamya caitasya “mahimānaṃ” māhābhāgyaṃ vibhūtiṃ “stumaḥ” abhikarttayāmaḥ | “yajatasya” “yajñiyasya” yajanasampādayituḥ, prayokturabhimataphalasampādayituḥ “yajñaiḥ” karmabhiḥ yuktāḥ u stumaḥ | yaidevametasminnupaistutamahimni narāśaṃse yajñe kimapyastu-ityāśāsmahe | ‘ye’ “sukratavaḥ” “sukarmāṇaḥ” jagadanugrahapravṛttāḥ “śucayaḥ” nirṇiṃktatarapāpāḥ “dhiyaṃ dhāḥ” svādhikārayuktānāṃ karmaṇām anuvi-“dhārayitāraḥ” prajñānāṃ yajñānāṃ vā | evamādiguṇayuktāḥ “devāḥ” te “svadanti” ā “svādayantu” etāni “havyā” “havīṃṣi” “ubhayāni” | yadi saumikaḥ paśuḥ, tataḥ “somaṃ ca” “itarāṇi” paśapuroḍāśadhānāprabhṛtīni, atha pṛthak somāt, tataḥ “tāntrāṇi” prayājājyabhāgāsviṣṭakṛtprabhṛtīni, “āvāpikāni ca” pradhānahavīṃṣi-ityetadāśāsmahe || agniriti śākapūṇimate-yo'yameṣāmabhimatopakārakārī, narāṇāṃ praśasyaḥ, narāśaṃso'gniḥ, tasya vayam ‘upastoṣāmaḥ’ ‘upastumaḥ’ ‘mahimānaṃ’ ‘yajatasya’ yajñasampādayituḥ ‘yajñaiḥ’ karmabhiḥ dānairvā sayuktāḥ, tasminnupastutamahimni narāśaṃse'gnau hutāni ‘ye’ ‘sukratavaḥ, devāḥ, śucayaḥ, dhiyaṃ dhāḥ’ te etāni ‘ubhayāni’ havīṃṣi āsvādayantu-ityetadāśāsmahe |
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190.4
atha punaranyaḥ kathaṃ manyate'ta āha--“agniriti śākapūṇiḥ” | sa punaḥ kayā upapattyā agniṃ manyate ? ārādupakāritvāt, praiṣasya sannipatyopakāritvācca | yajatāvāpriyāṃ yadāprīrūpaṃ tad balavat | kiṃca, punarāpriyo rūpam ? agnyarthatā katham ? iti śṛṇu-
iti sarvāṇyetāni abhidhānāni karmāṇi ca agauṇānyagnipakṣe, gauṇānīdhmapakṣe, “gauṇamukhyayośca mukhye kāryyasampratyayaḥ”--iti nyāyaḥ, tasmādapracyutasvarūpāyā
yāskasyāpi caitadevābhimatam, “āgneyā iti tu sthitiḥ”—iti adhikaraṇānte hivakṣyati | evaṃ tarhi agnirityetadeva samāmnātavyamāsīt, na idhmaḥ ! iti | naivam | kasmāt ? samiddho adyetyetadasyāmāpriyāmagnerliṅgamasti, na tvagniśabdaḥ, ato'syāsamāmnānam, paunaruktyedoṣācca | tadidhmaśabde'pi samānam ! iti cet, tadapi hyāpriyāṃ nāstīti na, praiṣike samāmnānāt, kriyāviśeṣatvācca āhūya cāsmākaṃ devān yaja ceti | sa eṣo'gniḥ samitkalāpamidhamamātmatvenābhisampannastadākhyatāmupagataḥ tenedhmābhidhānenejyata iti idhmaśabdaḥ samāmnāto nāgniśabda iti | sarvatra śākapūṇerevamāprīṣvanyarthānyabhidhānāni ||
śākapūṇipakṣe mantrayojanā--he bhagavan ! agne ! ‘samiddhaḥ’ yaḥ tvaṃ sandīptaḥ, ‘adya’ asminnahani, ‘manuṣaḥ’ manuṣyasya ‘duroṇe’ yajñagṛhe ‘devaḥ’ dātā, dīpanaḥ, dyotano vā, ‘devān’ dātṝn, dīptān vā ‘yajasi’ ‘jātavedaḥ !’ haviṣā yajamānānāṃ jātaprajñāna ! sa tvamasmākamapi he ‘mitramahaḥ’ mitrāṇāmupakārapravṛtta ! ‘cikitvān’ jānānaḥ svamadhikārā, āhūya devān yaja neti | kim ityenam ? brūmahe–yasmāt tvameva ‘dūtaḥ’ sarvayajamānānāṃ bhavasi | ‘kaviḥ’ krāntadarśanaḥ, ‘pracetāḥ’ “pravṛddhacetāḥ” pravṛddhaprajñāna iti |
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Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit