[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Auxiliary Sciences of the Veda](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga) › [Grammar](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.vyakarana) › [Topical rearrangements of Pāṇini](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.vyakarana.prakriya) › [Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntakaumudī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.vyakarana.prakriya.siddhantakaumudi) › [Prauḍhamanoramā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.vyakarana.prakriya.siddhantakaumudi!praudhamanorama) › [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.vyakarana.prakriya.siddhantakaumudi!praudhamanorama~en-mt) › p16 # Praudhamanorama p16 English (machine translation) p16 - **Language:** English ### [p16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.vyakarana.prakriya.siddhantakaumudi!praudhamanorama~en-mt.p16) 'Not strictly meant' (atantram): the meaning is that, just like the prefix in 'upeyivān' (Pāṇini 3.2.102), it is not intended to be strictly specified. If it is objected: 'Let there be non-specification there because of observed usages such as "īyivāṃsam ati sridhaḥ", but what is the authority for non-specification here?'—then accept that it is the observation of target forms and the Prātiśākhyas and the like. To explain: the letter e in 'ye'rāḥ', and the vowels ū and i in the Pada-pāṭha of 'tanūnapāt' and 'śacīpatim', are half-acute; this is well-known to all Ṛgvedins. In the words 'tanūnapāt' and 'śacīpati', when both the prior and subsequent members are given an initial acute by 'ubhe vanaspatyādiṣu yugapat' (Pāṇini 6.2.140), there is lower pitch of the remainder (śeṣanighāta) by 'anudāttaṃ padam ekavarjam' (Pāṇini 6.1.158). The circumflex accent (svarita) for the final vowels of 'tanū' and 'śacī', which constitute the prior members, is stated as optional in the Prātiśākhya: 'Or like an inherent circumflex, so the final vowels of the two prior members, tanū and śacī'. Likewise, regarding the first half of a circumflex being acute, the Prātiśākhya also says: 'When the two preceding \[accents\] coincide in a single syllable, the accent is circumflex. Its first half-mātrā, or half, is more acute than the acute. The subsequent remainder is non-acute, if it is not heard as acute; or \[if\] an acute or a circumflex syllable is subsequently uttered...' Its meaning is: 'of the two preceding'—that is, when acute and non-acute coincide in one place, a circumflex is to be understood. 'Its'—that is, of the circumflex, a half-mātrā is to be understood as more acute than an independent acute. Examples such as 'kva vo'śvāḥ' refer to a short vowel. 'Or half' refers to a long vowel. The word 'eva' ('just \[half\]') is used to indicate that this alone should be respected because of its comprehensiveness, since by this the short vowel is also included. The words 'the non-acute...' are an explanation of what is established by residue. 'It'—that is, the remainder—would have the sound of an acute. Is it without exception? No, it says: 'if not...', and so forth; the meaning is: except when followed by an acute or a circumflex. Śākalya also says: 'The non-original circumflex, however, which is preceded by a circumflex or an acute—having made half of this acute, they pronounce the remaining vibrating part with low pitch.' 'Having taken' (udādāya) means having made acute. As for texts of Haradatta and others stating that 'by the word ardhahrasva a half-mātrā is metaphorically indicated', they must somehow be explained as reflecting another opinion. 'In kva': the affix at is added to kim; being marked with t (tit), it has the circumflex accent. 'vaḥ': it is non-acute on the authority of the governing rule 'anudāttaṃ sarvam apādādau' (Pāṇini 8.1.18). - [Previous: p15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.vyakarana.prakriya.siddhantakaumudi!praudhamanorama~en-mt.p15) - [Next: p17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.vyakarana.prakriya.siddhantakaumudi!praudhamanorama~en-mt.p17) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.vyakarana.prakriya.siddhantakaumudi!praudhamanorama~en-mt.p16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.vyakarana.prakriya.siddhantakaumudi!praudhamanorama~en-mt.p16) · Pramāṇa