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# Karnatakabhashabhushana 2

Karṇāṭakabhāṣābhūṣaṇa 2

- **Language:** Sanskrit

## Contents

- [2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.1) — 2 parts
- [2.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.2) — 11 parts
- [2.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.3) — 6 parts
- [2.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.4) — 8 parts
- [2.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.5) — 3 parts
- [2.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.6) — 4 parts
- [2.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.7) — 6 parts
- [2.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.8) — 8 parts
- [2.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.9) — 8 parts
- [2.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.10) — 3 parts
- [2.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.11) — 8 parts
- [2.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.12) — 8 parts
- [2.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.13) — 8 parts
- [2.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14) — 23 parts
- [2.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.15) — 17 parts
- [2.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.16) — 7 parts
- [2.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.17) — 13 parts
- [2.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.18) — 7 parts
- [2.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.19) — 4 parts

### [2.1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.1.1)

sandhau.

> \[Governing rule:\] In euphonic combination.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.1.2)

sandhāv ity adhikārō ’yam. ita uttaraṁ yadvakṣatē tatpunaḥ sandhau vivakṣitaṁ bhavatīty avagantavyaṁ.

> "In euphonic combination" is a governing rule. It must be understood that what will be stated hereafter is intended to apply only in euphonic combination.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.2.1)

svarē svarasya lōpaḥ.

> Before a vowel, there is elision of a vowel.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.2.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.2.2)

svarē paratrāvasthitē pūrvasvarasya lōpō bhavati.

> When a vowel follows, elision of the preceding vowel takes place.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.2.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.2.3)

ennarasaṁ

> ennarasaṁ \[enna + arasaṁ\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.2.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.2.4)

tannāḷiṁ

> tannāḷiṁ \[tanna + āḷiṁ\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.2.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.2.5)

munniṟivaṁ

> munniṟivaṁ \[munna + iṟivaṁ\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.2.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.2.6)

kūrtīvaṁ

> kūrtīvaṁ \[kūrtu + īvaṁ\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.2.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.2.7)

biṭṭuḻivaṁ

> biṭṭuḻivaṁ \[biṭṭu + uḻivaṁ\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.2.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.2.8)

keṭṭoḷvaṁ

> keṭṭoḷvaṁ \[keṭṭu + oḷvaṁ\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.2.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.2.9)

taḷtesevaṁ

> taḷtesevaṁ \[taḷtu + esevaṁ\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.2.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.2.10)

padedaidugoḷvaṁ

> padedaidugoḷvaṁ \[padedu + aidugoḷvaṁ\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.2.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.2.11)

biṭṭoḷpaṁ

> biṭṭoḷpaṁ \[biṭṭu + oḷpaṁ\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.3.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.3.1)

prakr̥tēr ud-ētōḥ.

> Of a stem, \[only\] of u and ē.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.3.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.3.2)

siddhē saty ārabhyamāṇō vidhir na yamāyēti niyamārthō ’yaṁ yōgaḥ. prakr̥tēḥ sambandhinaḥ svarasya lōpō yadi syāt tad ukāraikārayōr ēva. nānyasya. svarādhikārād atra svaralōpō niyamyatē. na punaḥ prakr̥tiḥ.

> Because of the principle that an injunction undertaken when \[an operation\] is already established serves as a restriction, this rule is for the purpose of restriction: if there should be elision of a vowel belonging to a stem, it is only of the vowels u and ē, not of another. Because of the governing rule of vowels, here the elision of vowels is restricted, not indeed the stem.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.3.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.3.3)

mātellaṁ

> mātellaṁ \[mātu + ellaṁ\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.3.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.3.4)

lēsellaṁ

> lēsellaṁ \[lēsu + ellaṁ\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.3.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.3.5)

nālaguḷḷane bāḻguṁ

> nālaguḷḷane bāḻguṁ \[nālage + uḷḷane\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.3.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.3.6)

sēsikkidaṁ

> sēsikkidaṁ \[sēse + ikkidaṁ\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.4.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.4.1)

na nāma-bhāga-pradhvaṁsē.

> Not when there is destruction of a nominal portion.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.4.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.4.2)

yasmin nāmabhāgapradhvaṁsaḥ sambhavati ukārasyaikārasya ca lōpō na bhavati.

> In a case where destruction of a nominal portion would occur, elision of the vowel u and of the vowel ē does not take place.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.4.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.4.3)

paṭuvītaṁ

> paṭuvītaṁ \[paṭu + ītaṁ\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.4.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.4.4)

gāḷuvivaḷ

> gāḷuvivaḷ \[gāḷu + ivaḷ\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.4.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.4.5)

maḍividu

> maḍividu \[maḍi + idu\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.4.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.4.6)

aneyoḍḍu

> aneyoḍḍu \[ane + oḍḍu\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.4.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.4.7)

kudureyekkatuḷaṁ

> kudureyekkatuḷaṁ \[kudure + ekkatuḷaṁ\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.4.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.4.8)

paḍeyidu

> paḍeyidu \[paḍe + idu\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.5.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.5.1)

ād-ivarṇaikārēbhyō yaḥ.

> After ā, i-vowels, and ē, \[there is\] y.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.5.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.5.2)

ākārāntād ivarṇāntād ēkārāntāc ca śabdāt svarē parē yakārō vyavadhāyakō bhavati.

> After a word ending in the vowel ā, ending in an i-vowel, or ending in the vowel ē, when a vowel follows, the phoneme y becomes an intervener.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.5.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.5.3)

āyeḍeyoḷe saṅgatiyiṁ śrīyoḍeyar saleyirvar

> āyeḍeyoḷe saṅgatiyiṁ śrīyoḍeyar saleyirvar  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.6.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.6.1)

akārāntāc cāvadhāraṇārthē ē.

> And after \[a word\] ending in a, before ē in the sense of emphasis.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.6.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.6.2)

akārāntāc chabdarūpād avadhāraṇārthē ēkārē parē yakārō vyavadhāyakō bhavati.

> After a word-form ending in the vowel a, when the vowel ē expressing emphasis follows, the phoneme y becomes an intervener.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.6.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.6.3)

ātanaye

> ātanaye \[ātana + ē\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.6.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.6.4)

avaḷaye

> avaḷaye \[avaḷa + ē\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.7.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.7.1)

vō vr̥varṇābhyāṁ.

> \[There is\] v after u-vowels and ṛ-vowels.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.7.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.7.2)

uvarṇāntāt r̥varṇāntād api svarē parē vakārō vyavadhāyakō bhavati.

> After \[a word\] ending in an u-vowel and also after \[a word\] ending in an ṛ-vowel, when a vowel follows, the phoneme v becomes an intervener.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.7.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.7.3)

vidhuvilladiruḷ povillada koḷananteseyadu

> vidhuvilladiruḷ povillada koḷananteseyadu  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.7.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.7.4)

pitr̥vivaṁ

> pitr̥vivaṁ \[pitr̥ + īvaṁ\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.7.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.7.5)

mātr̥vivaḷ

> mātr̥vivaḷ \[mātr̥ + ivaḷ\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.7.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.7.6)

r̥̄vittaṁ

> r̥̄vittaṁ \[r̥̄ + ittaṁ\]  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.8.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.8.1)

ēd-ōd-antā nipātāḥ svarē parē prakr̥tyā.

> Particles ending in ē and ō remain unchanged before a vowel.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.8.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.8.2)

ēkārāntā ōkārāntāś ca yē nipātās tē svarē parē prakr̥taiva tiṣṭhanti. na ca sandhivikārān āpnuvantīty arthaḥ.

> Those particles that end in the vowel ē and end in the vowel ō remain in their original form alone when a vowel follows; that is to say, they do not undergo alterations of euphonic combination.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.8.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.8.3)

ele idāvudo

> ele idāvudo  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.8.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.8.4)

antuṭe alte

> antuṭe alte  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.8.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.8.5)

arame aralda

> arame aralda  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.8.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.8.6)

are eḍeyoḷ

> are eḍeyoḷ  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.8.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.8.7)

ayyō akkaṭa

> ayyō akkaṭa  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.8.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.8.8)

ōhē iraliṁ

> ōhē iraliṁ  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.9.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.9.1)

viśaṅkāvadhāraṇayōḥ.

> In doubt and emphasis.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.9.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.9.2)

viśaṅkāyām avadhāraṇē ca vartamānāś śabdāḥ svarē parē prakr̥tyā bhavanti.

> Words occurring in \[the sense of\] doubt and emphasis remain in their original form when a vowel follows.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.9.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.9.3)

aneyō adriyō

> aneyō adriyō  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.9.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.9.4)

rajjavō ahiyō

> rajjavō ahiyō  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.9.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.9.5)

īvanō īyanō

> īvanō īyanō  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.9.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.9.6)

akkumo āgado

> akkumo āgado  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.9.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.9.7)

porevane āḷdaṁ

> porevane āḷdaṁ  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.9.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.9.8)

kūrpane āptaṁ

> kūrpane āptaṁ  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.10.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.10.1)

plutāś ca.

> And protracted vowels.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.10.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.10.2)

trimātrā yē varṇās tē ca svarē parē prakr̥tyaiva tiṣṭhanti.

> Those phonemes that consist of three morae also remain in their original form alone when a vowel follows.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.10.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.10.3)

ele aṇṇā3 itta bā. ku kkū kū3 endu kōḻi kūgittāgaḷ

> ele aṇṇā3 itta bā; ku kkū kū3 endu kōḻi kūgittāgaḷ  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.11.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.11.1)

vargaprathamānāṁ tr̥tīyāḥ samāsōttarapadādau.

> The third \[consonants replace\] the first of the consonant classes at the beginning of the posterior member of a compound.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.11.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.11.2)

vargaprathamākṣarāṇāṁ samāsōttarapadādau vartamānānāṁ tattr̥tīyavarṇā bhavanti.

> The first characters of the consonant classes occurring at the beginning of the posterior member of a compound become the third phonemes of those \[classes\].  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.11.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.11.3)

paḻagannaḍaṁ

> \[Examples:\] paḻagannaḍaṁ,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.11.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.11.4)

aḻigabbaṁ

> aḻigabbaṁ,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.11.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.11.5)

kendaḷir

> kendaḷir,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.11.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.11.6)

bāndoṟe

> bāndoṟe,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.11.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.11.7)

nuṇbaral

> nuṇbaral,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.11.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.11.8)

taṇbuḻil

> taṇbuḻil.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.12.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.12.1)

nādiṣṭarēphāt.

> \[Sūtra 12:\] Not after an \[r\] that is substituted.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.12.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.12.2)

ādēśavihitaḥ pariṇāmō yō rēphaḥ tasmāt parabhūtānāṁ vargaprathamānāṁ vargatr̥tīyatvaṁ na bhavati.

> Following an r-sound which has arisen through change prescribed as a substitute, first \[consonants\] of a consonant class do not become third \[consonants\] of a consonant class.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.12.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.12.3)

mārkeral

> \[Examples:\] mārkeral,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.12.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.12.4)

mārtale

> mārtale,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.12.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.12.5)

mārpaḍe

> mārpaḍe,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.12.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.12.6)

orkai

> orkai,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.12.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.12.7)

ortale

> ortale,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.12.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.12.8)

orpiḍe

> orpiḍe.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.13.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.13.1)

caṭavargayōś ca.

> \[Sūtra 13:\] And \[not\] for the ca-class and ṭa-class.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.13.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.13.2)

cavarga-ṭavargayōḥ prathamākṣarayōś ca tr̥tīyau na bhavataḥ.

> And the first phonemes of the ca-class and ṭa-class do not become the third \[phonemes\].  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.13.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.13.3)

aḷicennaṁ

> \[Examples:\] aḷicennaṁ,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.13.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.13.4)

kaḍucāgi

> kaḍucāgi,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.13.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.13.5)

uracalli

> uracalli,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.13.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.13.6)

mātuṭepparaṁ

> mātuṭepparaṁ,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.13.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.13.7)

posaṭaṅkaṁ

> posaṭaṅkaṁ,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.13.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.13.8)

māṇikaṭekke

> māṇikaṭekke.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.1)

svarayaralōbhyō bahuḷaṁ vaḥ pavargasya.

> \[Sūtra 14:\] After a vowel, y, r, and l, v is diversely \[substituted\] for the pa-class.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.2)

svarāt yakārāt rēphāt lakārāc ca svarasya pavargasya bahuḷaṁ vakārādēśō bhavati.

> After a vowel, after y, after r, and after l, the sound v is diversely the substitute for the pa-class \[following\] a vowel.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.3)

posavesar

> \[Examples:\] posavesar,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.4)

eḷavidir

> eḷavidir,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.5)

maravaṇe

> maravaṇe,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.6)

keyvaṟi

> keyvaṟi,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.7)

meyvesaṁ

> meyvesaṁ,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.8)

tāyvane

> tāyvane,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.9)

balvaḍe

> balvaḍe,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.10)

kalvāḻe

> kalvāḻe,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.11)

pulvane

> pulvane,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.12)

nīrvāpu

> nīrvāpu,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.13)

nīrveḷasu

> nīrveḷasu,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.14)

nīrvāsanaṁ

> nīrvāsanaṁ.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.15)

bahuḷagrahaṇāt kvacin na bhavati.

> Because of the word “diversely”, in some cases it does not occur.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.16)

niḍuden

> \[Examples:\] niḍuden,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.17)

uḍuvogaṁ

> uḍuvogaṁ,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.18)

kemmāḍidaṁ

> kemmāḍidaṁ,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.19)

keymaṟiyaṁ

> keymaṟiyaṁ,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.20)

perbāgil

> perbāgil,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.21)

kārmmugil

> kārmmugil,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.22)

balmuguḷ

> balmuguḷ,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.14.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.14.23)

pulmaruḷ

> pulmaruḷ.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.15.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.15.1)

vyañjanād alayāt sasya caḥ kvacij jatvaṁ.

> \[Sūtra 15:\] After a consonant other than l or y, c is \[substituted\] for s; in some cases, the quality of j.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.15.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.15.2)

lakāra-yakāra-varjitāt vyañjanāt paratō ’vas\[th\]itasya sakārasya cakārādēśō bhavati.

> The sound c is substituted for the sound s that stands after a consonant excluding l and y.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.15.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.15.3)

nuṇcaraṁ

> \[Examples:\] nuṇcaraṁ,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.15.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.15.4)

iñcaraṁ

> iñcaraṁ,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.15.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.15.5)

orcavaḍi

> orcavaḍi.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.15.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.15.6)

bahuḷam ity anuvartatē. tataḥ kvacin na bhavati.

> The word “diversely” carries forward; therefore, in some cases it does not occur.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.15.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.15.7)

kaṇsōlaṁ

> \[Examples:\] kaṇsōlaṁ,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.15.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.15.8)

kīḻsari

> kīḻsari.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.15.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.15.9)

kvacit jakārō ’pi bhavati

> In some cases, even the sound j occurs.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.15.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.15.10)

poñjarige

> \[Examples:\] poñjarige,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.15.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.15.11)

muñjār

> muñjār.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.15.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.15.12)

alayād iti kiṁ?

> Why \[is it said,\] “other than l and y”?  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.15.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.15.13)

melsaraṁ

> \[Counterexamples:\] melsaraṁ,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.15.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.15.14)

balsari

> balsari,  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.15.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.15.15)

meysoṅku

> meysoṅku.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.15.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.15.16)

bāysavi

> bāysavi;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.15.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.15.17)

kaysore

> kaysore.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.16.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.16.1)

saṅkhyāyāṁ chatvaṁ.

> \[There is\] substitution of cha in a numeral.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.16.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.16.2)

saṅkhyāviṣayē vartamānasya lakārayakārarahitavyañjanāt parasya sakārasya chakārādēśō bhavati.

> For sa occurring in the context of a numeral, after a consonant other than la and ya, there is the substitute cha.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.16.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.16.3)

irchāsiraṁ

> irchāsiraṁ;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.16.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.16.4)

eṇchāsiraṁ

> eṇchāsiraṁ.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.16.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.16.5)

alayād iti kiṁ?

> Why \[is it said\], 'other than la and ya'?  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.16.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.16.6)

nālsāsiraṁ

> nālsāsiraṁ;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.16.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.16.7)

aysāsiraṁ

> aysāsiraṁ.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.17.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.17.1)

naṇalayaḷā dviḥ svarē hrasvapūrvāḥ.

> Na, ṇa, la, ya, and ḷa, preceded by a short \[vowel\], \[are doubled\] twice before a vowel.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.17.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.17.2)

hrasvākṣarapūrvakāḥ naṇalayaḷakārāḥ svarē parē dvirbhāvam āpadyantē.

> The sounds na, ṇa, la, ya, and ḷa preceded by a short syllable undergo gemination when followed by a vowel.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.17.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.17.3)

ponnuḷḷavane kulīnaṁ

> ponnuḷḷavane kulīnaṁ;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.17.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.17.4)

maṇṇellaṁ

> maṇṇellaṁ;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.17.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.17.5)

pullillaṁ

> pullillaṁ;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.17.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.17.6)

keyyādudu

> keyyādudu;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.17.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.17.7)

muḷḷuḷḷuve kēdagegaḷ

> muḷḷuḷḷuve kēdagegaḷ.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.17.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.17.8)

hrasvapūrvā iti kiṁ?

> Why \[is it said\], 'preceded by a short \[vowel\]'?  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.17.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.17.9)

nān endaṁ

> nān endaṁ;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.17.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.17.10)

jāṇindaṁ

> jāṇindaṁ;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.17.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.17.11)

mēlāḷgaḷ

> mēlāḷgaḷ;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.17.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.17.12)

bāyāṟal

> bāyāṟal;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.17.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.17.13)

kēḷītaṁ

> kēḷītaṁ.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.18.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.18.1)

nānēkākṣarapadē.

> Not in a word of more than one syllable.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.18.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.18.2)

dvitryādisvarasampannē padē vyavasthitāḥ naṇalayaḷakārāḥ svarē parē dvirbhāvaṁ na prāpnuvanti.

> The sounds na, ṇa, la, ya, and ḷa occurring in a word possessed of two, three, or more vowels do not undergo gemination when followed by a vowel.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.18.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.18.3)

kaḍanillaṁ

> kaḍanillaṁ;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.18.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.18.4)

saraṇāruṁ

> saraṇāruṁ;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.18.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.18.5)

pavaṇuṇṭu

> pavaṇuṇṭu;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.18.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.18.6)

kavalillaṁ

> kavalillaṁ;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.18.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.18.7)

todaḷillada nuḍi

> todaḷillada nuḍi.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.19.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.19.1)

avyayē ’pi.

> In an indeclinable as well.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.19.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.19.2)

avyayaśabdēṣu vartamānāḥ naṇalayaḷāḥ svarē parē dvirbhāvaṁ na prāpnuvanti.

> Na, ṇa, la, ya, and ḷa occurring in indeclinable words do not undergo gemination when followed by a vowel.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.19.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.19.3)

idudalapūrvaṁ

> idudalapūrvaṁ;  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.19.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.19.4)

smaranapolītaṁ

> smaranapolītaṁ.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

### [2.1\_2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.1_2)

iti karṇāṭakavyākaraṇavivaraṇē sandhividhānaṁ nāma dvitīyaḥ paricchēdaḥ

> Thus ends the second chapter, called the Rules of Sandhi, in the Exposition of Kannada Grammar.  
> — English (machine translation) (machine translation)

## Translations (1)

- [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.1.1) — English, machine translation

---
Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2) · Pramāṇa