[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Vernacular Literatures](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular) › [Kannada literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada) › [Grammar, poetics and lexicography](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra) › [Karnatakabhashabhushana](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana) › 8.3 # Karnatakabhashabhushana 8.3 Karṇāṭakabhāṣābhūṣaṇa 8.3 - **Language:** Sanskrit ### [8.3.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.1) da-dapa-vakārādyās tu bhūtavatī-vartamānā-bhaviṣyantyaḥ. > However, those beginning with the sounds da, dapa, and va are respectively the past, present, and future. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.2) tās tu vibhaktayaḥ dadapavakārādyāḥ yathākramaṁ bhūtavatī-vartamānā-bhaviṣyantī-saṁjñā jñātavyaḥ. > Those case inflections, however, beginning with da, dapa, and the sound va, are to be known, in order, by the technical terms 'past' \[bhūtavatī\], 'present' \[vartamānā\], and 'future' \[bhaviṣyantī\]. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.3) bhūtavatyāḥ — > Of the past: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.4) dam > dam, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.5) dar > dar, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.6) day > day, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.7) dir > dir, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.8) den > den, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.9) devu > devu. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.10) vartamānā\[yāḥ\] — > Of the present: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.11) dapam > dapaṁ, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.12) dapar > dapar, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.13) dapay > dapay, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.14) dapir > dapir, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.15) dapen > dapen, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.16) dapevu > \[and\] dapevu. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.17) bhaviṣyantyāḥ — > For the future \[tense\]: > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.18) vam > vaṁ, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.19) var > var, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.20) vay > vay, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.21) vir > vir, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.22) ven > ven, > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ### [8.3.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3.23) vevu > \[and\] vevu. > — English (machine translation) (machine translation) ## Translations (1) - [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.8.3.1) — English, machine translation --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.8.3) · Pramāṇa