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# Karnatakabhashabhushana 2

English (machine translation) 2

- **Language:** English

## Contents

- [2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.1) — 2 parts
- [2.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.2) — 11 parts
- [2.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.3) — 6 parts
- [2.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.4) — 8 parts
- [2.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.5) — 3 parts
- [2.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.6) — 4 parts
- [2.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.7) — 6 parts
- [2.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.8) — 8 parts
- [2.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.9) — 8 parts
- [2.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.10) — 3 parts
- [2.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.11) — 8 parts
- [2.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.12) — 8 parts
- [2.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.13) — 8 parts
- [2.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14) — 23 parts
- [2.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.15) — 17 parts
- [2.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.16) — 7 parts
- [2.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.17) — 13 parts
- [2.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.18) — 7 parts
- [2.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.19) — 4 parts

### [2.1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.1.1)

\[Governing rule:\] In euphonic combination.

### [2.1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.1.2)

"In euphonic combination" is a governing rule. It must be understood that what will be stated hereafter is intended to apply only in euphonic combination.

### [2.2.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.2.1)

Before a vowel, there is elision of a vowel.

### [2.2.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.2.2)

When a vowel follows, elision of the preceding vowel takes place.

### [2.2.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.2.3)

ennarasaṁ \[enna + arasaṁ\]

### [2.2.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.2.4)

tannāḷiṁ \[tanna + āḷiṁ\]

### [2.2.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.2.5)

munniṟivaṁ \[munna + iṟivaṁ\]

### [2.2.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.2.6)

kūrtīvaṁ \[kūrtu + īvaṁ\]

### [2.2.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.2.7)

biṭṭuḻivaṁ \[biṭṭu + uḻivaṁ\]

### [2.2.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.2.8)

keṭṭoḷvaṁ \[keṭṭu + oḷvaṁ\]

### [2.2.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.2.9)

taḷtesevaṁ \[taḷtu + esevaṁ\]

### [2.2.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.2.10)

padedaidugoḷvaṁ \[padedu + aidugoḷvaṁ\]

### [2.2.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.2.11)

biṭṭoḷpaṁ \[biṭṭu + oḷpaṁ\]

### [2.3.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.3.1)

Of a stem, \[only\] of u and ē.

### [2.3.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.3.2)

Because of the principle that an injunction undertaken when \[an operation\] is already established serves as a restriction, this rule is for the purpose of restriction: if there should be elision of a vowel belonging to a stem, it is only of the vowels u and ē, not of another. Because of the governing rule of vowels, here the elision of vowels is restricted, not indeed the stem.

### [2.3.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.3.3)

mātellaṁ \[mātu + ellaṁ\]

### [2.3.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.3.4)

lēsellaṁ \[lēsu + ellaṁ\]

### [2.3.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.3.5)

nālaguḷḷane bāḻguṁ \[nālage + uḷḷane\]

### [2.3.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.3.6)

sēsikkidaṁ \[sēse + ikkidaṁ\]

### [2.4.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.4.1)

Not when there is destruction of a nominal portion.

### [2.4.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.4.2)

In a case where destruction of a nominal portion would occur, elision of the vowel u and of the vowel ē does not take place.

### [2.4.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.4.3)

paṭuvītaṁ \[paṭu + ītaṁ\]

### [2.4.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.4.4)

gāḷuvivaḷ \[gāḷu + ivaḷ\]

### [2.4.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.4.5)

maḍividu \[maḍi + idu\]

### [2.4.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.4.6)

aneyoḍḍu \[ane + oḍḍu\]

### [2.4.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.4.7)

kudureyekkatuḷaṁ \[kudure + ekkatuḷaṁ\]

### [2.4.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.4.8)

paḍeyidu \[paḍe + idu\]

### [2.5.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.5.1)

After ā, i-vowels, and ē, \[there is\] y.

### [2.5.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.5.2)

After a word ending in the vowel ā, ending in an i-vowel, or ending in the vowel ē, when a vowel follows, the phoneme y becomes an intervener.

### [2.5.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.5.3)

āyeḍeyoḷe saṅgatiyiṁ śrīyoḍeyar saleyirvar

### [2.6.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.6.1)

And after \[a word\] ending in a, before ē in the sense of emphasis.

### [2.6.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.6.2)

After a word-form ending in the vowel a, when the vowel ē expressing emphasis follows, the phoneme y becomes an intervener.

### [2.6.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.6.3)

ātanaye \[ātana + ē\]

### [2.6.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.6.4)

avaḷaye \[avaḷa + ē\]

### [2.7.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.7.1)

\[There is\] v after u-vowels and ṛ-vowels.

### [2.7.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.7.2)

After \[a word\] ending in an u-vowel and also after \[a word\] ending in an ṛ-vowel, when a vowel follows, the phoneme v becomes an intervener.

### [2.7.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.7.3)

vidhuvilladiruḷ povillada koḷananteseyadu

### [2.7.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.7.4)

pitr̥vivaṁ \[pitr̥ + īvaṁ\]

### [2.7.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.7.5)

mātr̥vivaḷ \[mātr̥ + ivaḷ\]

### [2.7.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.7.6)

r̥̄vittaṁ \[r̥̄ + ittaṁ\]

### [2.8.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.8.1)

Particles ending in ē and ō remain unchanged before a vowel.

### [2.8.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.8.2)

Those particles that end in the vowel ē and end in the vowel ō remain in their original form alone when a vowel follows; that is to say, they do not undergo alterations of euphonic combination.

### [2.8.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.8.3)

ele idāvudo

### [2.8.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.8.4)

antuṭe alte

### [2.8.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.8.5)

arame aralda

### [2.8.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.8.6)

are eḍeyoḷ

### [2.8.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.8.7)

ayyō akkaṭa

### [2.8.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.8.8)

ōhē iraliṁ

### [2.9.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.9.1)

In doubt and emphasis.

### [2.9.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.9.2)

Words occurring in \[the sense of\] doubt and emphasis remain in their original form when a vowel follows.

### [2.9.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.9.3)

aneyō adriyō

### [2.9.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.9.4)

rajjavō ahiyō

### [2.9.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.9.5)

īvanō īyanō

### [2.9.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.9.6)

akkumo āgado

### [2.9.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.9.7)

porevane āḷdaṁ

### [2.9.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.9.8)

kūrpane āptaṁ

### [2.10.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.10.1)

And protracted vowels.

### [2.10.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.10.2)

Those phonemes that consist of three morae also remain in their original form alone when a vowel follows.

### [2.10.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.10.3)

ele aṇṇā3 itta bā; ku kkū kū3 endu kōḻi kūgittāgaḷ

### [2.11.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.11.1)

The third \[consonants replace\] the first of the consonant classes at the beginning of the posterior member of a compound.

### [2.11.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.11.2)

The first characters of the consonant classes occurring at the beginning of the posterior member of a compound become the third phonemes of those \[classes\].

### [2.11.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.11.3)

\[Examples:\] paḻagannaḍaṁ,

### [2.11.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.11.4)

aḻigabbaṁ,

### [2.11.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.11.5)

kendaḷir,

### [2.11.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.11.6)

bāndoṟe,

### [2.11.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.11.7)

nuṇbaral,

### [2.11.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.11.8)

taṇbuḻil.

### [2.12.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.12.1)

\[Sūtra 12:\] Not after an \[r\] that is substituted.

### [2.12.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.12.2)

Following an r-sound which has arisen through change prescribed as a substitute, first \[consonants\] of a consonant class do not become third \[consonants\] of a consonant class.

### [2.12.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.12.3)

\[Examples:\] mārkeral,

### [2.12.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.12.4)

mārtale,

### [2.12.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.12.5)

mārpaḍe,

### [2.12.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.12.6)

orkai,

### [2.12.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.12.7)

ortale,

### [2.12.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.12.8)

orpiḍe.

### [2.13.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.13.1)

\[Sūtra 13:\] And \[not\] for the ca-class and ṭa-class.

### [2.13.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.13.2)

And the first phonemes of the ca-class and ṭa-class do not become the third \[phonemes\].

### [2.13.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.13.3)

\[Examples:\] aḷicennaṁ,

### [2.13.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.13.4)

kaḍucāgi,

### [2.13.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.13.5)

uracalli,

### [2.13.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.13.6)

mātuṭepparaṁ,

### [2.13.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.13.7)

posaṭaṅkaṁ,

### [2.13.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.13.8)

māṇikaṭekke.

### [2.14.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.1)

\[Sūtra 14:\] After a vowel, y, r, and l, v is diversely \[substituted\] for the pa-class.

### [2.14.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.2)

After a vowel, after y, after r, and after l, the sound v is diversely the substitute for the pa-class \[following\] a vowel.

### [2.14.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.3)

\[Examples:\] posavesar,

### [2.14.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.4)

eḷavidir,

### [2.14.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.5)

maravaṇe,

### [2.14.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.6)

keyvaṟi,

### [2.14.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.7)

meyvesaṁ,

### [2.14.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.8)

tāyvane,

### [2.14.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.9)

balvaḍe,

### [2.14.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.10)

kalvāḻe,

### [2.14.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.11)

pulvane,

### [2.14.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.12)

nīrvāpu,

### [2.14.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.13)

nīrveḷasu,

### [2.14.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.14)

nīrvāsanaṁ.

### [2.14.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.15)

Because of the word “diversely”, in some cases it does not occur.

### [2.14.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.16)

\[Examples:\] niḍuden,

### [2.14.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.17)

uḍuvogaṁ,

### [2.14.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.18)

kemmāḍidaṁ,

### [2.14.19](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.19)

keymaṟiyaṁ,

### [2.14.20](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.20)

perbāgil,

### [2.14.21](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.21)

kārmmugil,

### [2.14.22](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.22)

balmuguḷ,

### [2.14.23](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.14.23)

pulmaruḷ.

### [2.15.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.15.1)

\[Sūtra 15:\] After a consonant other than l or y, c is \[substituted\] for s; in some cases, the quality of j.

### [2.15.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.15.2)

The sound c is substituted for the sound s that stands after a consonant excluding l and y.

### [2.15.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.15.3)

\[Examples:\] nuṇcaraṁ,

### [2.15.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.15.4)

iñcaraṁ,

### [2.15.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.15.5)

orcavaḍi.

### [2.15.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.15.6)

The word “diversely” carries forward; therefore, in some cases it does not occur.

### [2.15.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.15.7)

\[Examples:\] kaṇsōlaṁ,

### [2.15.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.15.8)

kīḻsari.

### [2.15.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.15.9)

In some cases, even the sound j occurs.

### [2.15.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.15.10)

\[Examples:\] poñjarige,

### [2.15.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.15.11)

muñjār.

### [2.15.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.15.12)

Why \[is it said,\] “other than l and y”?

### [2.15.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.15.13)

\[Counterexamples:\] melsaraṁ,

### [2.15.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.15.14)

balsari,

### [2.15.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.15.15)

meysoṅku.

### [2.15.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.15.16)

bāysavi;

### [2.15.17](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.15.17)

kaysore.

### [2.16.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.16.1)

\[There is\] substitution of cha in a numeral.

### [2.16.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.16.2)

For sa occurring in the context of a numeral, after a consonant other than la and ya, there is the substitute cha.

### [2.16.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.16.3)

irchāsiraṁ;

### [2.16.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.16.4)

eṇchāsiraṁ.

### [2.16.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.16.5)

Why \[is it said\], 'other than la and ya'?

### [2.16.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.16.6)

nālsāsiraṁ;

### [2.16.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.16.7)

aysāsiraṁ.

### [2.17.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.17.1)

Na, ṇa, la, ya, and ḷa, preceded by a short \[vowel\], \[are doubled\] twice before a vowel.

### [2.17.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.17.2)

The sounds na, ṇa, la, ya, and ḷa preceded by a short syllable undergo gemination when followed by a vowel.

### [2.17.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.17.3)

ponnuḷḷavane kulīnaṁ;

### [2.17.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.17.4)

maṇṇellaṁ;

### [2.17.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.17.5)

pullillaṁ;

### [2.17.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.17.6)

keyyādudu;

### [2.17.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.17.7)

muḷḷuḷḷuve kēdagegaḷ.

### [2.17.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.17.8)

Why \[is it said\], 'preceded by a short \[vowel\]'?

### [2.17.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.17.9)

nān endaṁ;

### [2.17.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.17.10)

jāṇindaṁ;

### [2.17.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.17.11)

mēlāḷgaḷ;

### [2.17.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.17.12)

bāyāṟal;

### [2.17.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.17.13)

kēḷītaṁ.

### [2.18.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.18.1)

Not in a word of more than one syllable.

### [2.18.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.18.2)

The sounds na, ṇa, la, ya, and ḷa occurring in a word possessed of two, three, or more vowels do not undergo gemination when followed by a vowel.

### [2.18.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.18.3)

kaḍanillaṁ;

### [2.18.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.18.4)

saraṇāruṁ;

### [2.18.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.18.5)

pavaṇuṇṭu;

### [2.18.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.18.6)

kavalillaṁ;

### [2.18.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.18.7)

todaḷillada nuḍi.

### [2.19.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.19.1)

In an indeclinable as well.

### [2.19.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.19.2)

Na, ṇa, la, ya, and ḷa occurring in indeclinable words do not undergo gemination when followed by a vowel.

### [2.19.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.19.3)

idudalapūrvaṁ;

### [2.19.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.19.4)

smaranapolītaṁ.

### [2.1\_2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2.1_2)

Thus ends the second chapter, called the Rules of Sandhi, in the Exposition of Kannada Grammar.

## Linked texts (1)

- [Karṇāṭakabhāṣābhūṣaṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.2.1.1) — Nāgavarma II, Sanskrit

---
Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.2) · Pramāṇa