[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Vernacular Literatures](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular) › [Kannada literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada) › [Grammar, poetics and lexicography](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra) › [Karṇāṭakabhāṣābhūṣaṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana) › [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt) › 4.18 # Karnatakabhashabhushana 4.18 English (machine translation) 4.18 - **Language:** English ### [4.18.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.18.1) \[A word\] also \[functions as singular\] when expressing abstract state (bhāva). ### [4.18.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.18.2) A word that occurs in the designation of an abstract state is also treated as singular: ### [4.18.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.18.3) karpu \[‘blackness’\], ### [4.18.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.18.4) beḷpu \[‘whiteness’\], ### [4.18.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.18.5) taṇpu \[‘coolness’\], ### [4.18.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.18.6) tiṇpu \[‘thickness’\], ### [4.18.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.18.7) kūrme \[‘affection’\], ### [4.18.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.18.8) perme \[‘greatness’\]. ### [4.18.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.18.9) Because of the governing rule of “variously” (bahuḷa), forms such as beḷpugaḷ \[‘whitenesses’\] and teḷpugaḷ \[‘thinnesses’\] occur. ## Linked texts (1) - [Karṇāṭakabhāṣābhūṣaṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.4.18.1) — Nāgavarma II, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.18](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.18) · Pramāṇa