[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Indian literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in) › [Vernacular Literatures](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular) › [Kannada literature](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada) › [Grammar, poetics and lexicography](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra) › [Karṇāṭakabhāṣābhūṣaṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana) › [English (machine translation)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt) › 4.3 # Karnatakabhashabhushana 4.3 English (machine translation) 4.3 - **Language:** English ### [4.3.1](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.3.1) The accusative is used to express the direct object. ### [4.3.2](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.3.2) That which is effected is called the object. It is classified into four kinds, namely: to be produced, to be modified, to be attained, and contextual. In this sense, the accusative case inflection occurs. ### [4.3.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.3.3) In the sense of \[an object\] to be produced: \[as in\] ### [4.3.4](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.3.4) maneyaṁ māḍidaṁ \["he built a house"\]. ### [4.3.5](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.3.5) In the sense of \[an object\] to be modified: \[as in\] ### [4.3.6](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.3.6) "He cut the fruit." ### [4.3.7](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.3.7) \[With respect to the object\] to be attained: ### [4.3.8](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.3.8) "He reached the town." ### [4.3.9](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.3.9) \[With respect to the object\] of perception: ### [4.3.10](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.3.10) "He looked at the sun." ### [4.3.11](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.3.11) And that \[object\] is of two kinds: desired and undesired. ### [4.3.12](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.3.12) \[With respect to\] the desired: ### [4.3.13](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.3.13) "He cooked food." ### [4.3.14](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.3.14) "He cut meat." ### [4.3.15](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.3.15) \[With respect to\] the undesired: ### [4.3.16](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.3.16) "He stepped on a snake; he stumbled over a stump." ## Linked texts (1) - [Karṇāṭakabhāṣābhūṣaṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana.4.3.1) — Nāgavarma II, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.3](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vernacular.kannada.sastra.bhasabhusana~en-mt.4.3) · Pramāṇa