Βιβλιοθήκη ἱστορική 17.102

17.102.1

ὁ δʼ οὖν Ἀλέξανδρος τὴν μὲν στρατιὰν προσέταξεν παρὰ τὸν ποταμὸν ἀντιπαράγειν ταῖς ναυσίν, αὐτὸς δὲ τὸν διὰ τοῦ ποταμοῦ κατὰ τὸν Ὠκεανὸν πλοῦν ποιούμενος κατῆρεν εἰς τὴν χώραν τῶν ὀνομαζομένων Σαμβαστῶν.

Chapter CII. — The Sambastai, Sodrai, and Massanoi submit to Alexander, who founds near the banks of the river a city called Alexandreia — He conquers the kingdoms of Mousikanos, Portikanos, and Sambos — The last effects his escape
Alexander having given orders to his army to march along the river in a line parallel with the course of the navigation, proceeded on his voyage down stream towards the ocean, and on reaching the dominions of the Sambastai, landed to invade their country. They were a people inferior to none in India either for numbers or for bravery. They dwelt in cities in which the democratic form of government prevailed, and on hearing that the Macedonians were coming to attack them collected 60,000 foot soldiers, 6000 horse, and 500 chariots. But when the fleet bore in sight they were thrown into great alarm by the novelty of the appearance it presented and the unexpectedness of its presence, and, as they were at the same time disheartened by the reports which circulated about the Macedonians, they adopted the advice of their elders not to fight, and therefore sent on an embassy consisting of fifty of their foremost citizens, under the belief that they would be treated with all proper courtesy. The king having commended them for coming and expressed his readiness to make peace with them, was presented by the inhabitants with gifts of great magnificence, and was besides accorded heroic honours. He then moved on towards the tribes called Sodrai and Massanoi, who occupied the country on both sides of the river, and in these parts he founded near the river the city of Alexandreia, in which he planted a colony of 10,000 men. He next reached the dominions of King Mousikanos, seized that potentate, and, having put him to death, subjugated his people. He next invaded the territories under the sway of Portikanos, and took two cities at the first assault, which he permitted the soldiers to sack and then burned. Portikanos himself fled into a part of the country which offered means of defence, but in a battle he was defeated and slain. All the cities subject to his sceptre Alexander captured and razed to the ground, and by these severe measures spread consternation among the surrounding tribes. He next plundered the kingdom of Sambos, and having enslaved and destroyed most of his cities, put upwards of 80,000 of the barbarians to the sword. The nation called the Brahmanoi were involved in like calamities, but, as the rest sued for mercy, Alexander punished the most guilty and acquitted the rest of the offences charged against them. King Sambos escaped the danger with which he was menaced by taking flight with thirty elephants into the country beyond the Indus.

17.102.2

οὗτοι δὲ τῷ τε πλήθει τῶν ἀνδρῶν καὶ ταῖς ἀρεταῖς οὐδενὸς τῶν Ἰνδικῶν ἐθνῶν λείπονται· οἰκοῦντες δὲ πόλεις δημοκρατουμένας καὶ τὴν ἔφοδον τῶν Μακεδόνων πυνθανόμενοι στρατιώτας ἤθροισαν πεζοὺς μὲν ἑξακισμυρίους, ἱππεῖς δὲ ἑξακισχιλίους, ἅρματα δὲ πεντακόσια.

17.102.3

τοῦ δὲ στόλου προσπλέοντος τῷ ξένῳ καὶ παραδόξῳ τῆς παρουσίας πτοηθέντες καὶ τὴν διαβεβοημένην δόξαν τῶν Μακεδόνων καταπλαγέντες, ἔτι δὲ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων συμβουλευσάντων μὴ διαγωνίζεσθαι πεντήκοντα τοὺς ἐπιφανεστάτους πρεσβευτὰς ἐξαπέστειλαν, ἀξιοῦντες φιλανθρώπως αὐτοῖς προσενεχθῆναι.

17.102.4

ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς ἐπαινέσας τοὺς ἄνδρας καὶ συγχωρήσας τὴν εἰρήνην δωρεαῖς τε μεγάλαις καὶ τιμαῖς ἡρωικαῖς ὑπὸ τῶν ἐγχωρίων ἐτιμήθη. μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τοὺς παρὰ τὸν ποταμὸν ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων τῶν μερῶν κατοικοῦντας, ὀνομαζομένους δὲ Σόδρας καὶ Μασσανούς, προσηγάγετο. περὶ δὲ τούτους τοὺς τόπους ἔκτισε πόλιν Ἀλεξάνδρειαν κατὰ τὸν ποταμόν, μυρίους καταλέξας οἰκήτορας.

17.102.5

μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα εἰς τὴν Μουσικάνου τοῦ βασιλέως χώραν καταντήσας τόν τε δυνάστην ὑποχείριον λαβὼν ἀπέκτεινε καὶ τὸ ἔθνος ὑποχείριον ἐποίησεν. ἑξῆς δʼ εἰς τὴν Πορτικάνου δυναστείαν ἐμβαλὼν δύο μὲν ἐξ ἐφόδου πόλεις ἐξεπολιόρκησε καὶ τοῖς στρατιώταις ἐφεὶς διαρπάσαι τὰς οἰκίας ἐνέπρησεν, αὐτὸν δὲ τὸν Πορτικᾶνον εἰς χωρίον ὀχυρὸν καταφυγόντα χειρωσάμενος ἀπέκτεινε μαχόμενον. τὰς δὲ πόλεις ἁπάσας τὰς ὑπὸ τοῦτον τεταγμένας ἐκπολιορκήσας κατέσκαψε καὶ πολὺν φόβον τοῖς πλησιοχώροις ἐπέστησεν.

17.102.6

ἑξῆς δὲ τήν τε Σάμβου βασιλείαν ἐξεπόρθησε καὶ τὰς πλείστας πόλεις ἐξανδραποδισάμενος καὶ κατασκάψας κατέκοψε τῶν βαρβάρων ὑπὲρ τὰς ὀκτὼ μυριάδας.

17.102.7

τὸ μὲν οὖν ἔθνος τῶν ὀνομαζομένων Βραχμάνων τοιαύταις περιέπεσε συμφοραῖς· τῶν δὲ λοιπῶν μεθʼ ἱκετηριῶν δεηθέντων τοὺς αἰτιωτάτους κολάσας τοὺς λοιποὺς ἀπέλυσε τῶν ἐγκλημάτων. ὁ δὲ βασιλεὺς Σάμβος μετὰ τριάκοντα ἐλεφάντων φυγὼν εἰς τὴν πέραν τοῦ Ἰνδοῦ χώραν διέφυγε τὸν κίνδυνον.