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Manasara Series (I. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture; II. Indian Architecture according to Manasara-Shilpashastra; III. Manasara on Architecture and Sculpture: Sanskrit Text; IV. Architecture of Manasara: Translation; V. Architecture of Manasara: Illustrations; VI. Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad; VII. An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture) v1.c6.s15: J

Mānasāra Series (I. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture; II. Indian Architecture according to Mānasāra-Śilpaśāstra; III. Mānasāra on Architecture and Sculpture: Sanskrit Text; IV. Architecture of Mānasāra: Translation; V. Architecture of Mānasāra: Illustrations; VI. Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad; VII. An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture) v1.c6.s15

Language
English

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v1.c6.s15.1

JAGATĪ—(cf. Jāti)—A moulding of the base, or of the pedestal of an idol or phallus, a class of buildings.

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(1) Pīṭhikā-lakshaṇaṁ vakshye yathāvad anupūrvaśaḥ ॥

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Pīṭhochchhrāyaṁ yathāvach cha bhāgān shoḍaśa kārayet ॥
Bhūmāvekaḥ pravishṭaḥ syāch chaturbhir jagatī matā ॥
(Matsya-Purāṇa, chap. 262, v. 1-2, see also 4-5).

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(2) Śikhareṇa samaṁ kāryaṁ agre jagati(tī)-vistaram ।

v1.c6.s15.5

Dvi-guṇenāpi karttavyaṁ yathā-śobhānurūpataḥ ॥
(Agni-Purāṇa, chap. 42, v. 5).

v1.c6.s15.6

Jagatī-vistarārddhena tri-bhāgena kvachid bhavet ॥

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(Ibid. chap. 104, v. 6).

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(3) Pravṛitā jagatī kāryyā phala-pushpa-jalānvitā ॥

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(Garuḍa-Purāṇa, chap. 47, v. 47).

v1.c6.s15.10

(4) Pāda-bandha-vimāne tu geha-garbhopari nyaset ।

v1.c6.s15.11

Pratibandha-vimāne tu vṛiter upari vinyaset ॥
Vṛiter upari viprāṇāṁ kumudopari bhūbhṛitāṁ ।
Jagatyupari vaiśyānāṁ śūdrāṇāṁ pādukopari ॥

v1.c6.s15.12

(5) A moulding of the base (adhishṭhāna):

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Jagatī tu shaḍ-aṁśā syād dvi-bhāgārdha-dalī kramāt ॥
Shad-bhāgā jagatī proktā kumudaṁ pañcha-bhāgikam ॥
(Suprabhedāgama, XXXI. 19, 24).

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(6) A class of buildings (Ep. Ind. vol. 1. pp. 165, 277; Ind. Ant. vol. XIV. p. 161, note 22).

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JAṄGAMA-(BERA)—The movable idol.

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Sthāvaraṁ jaṅgamaṁ chaiva dvi-vidhaṁ beraṁ uchyate ।
Jaṅgamaṁ chotsavaṁ bhavet sarvaṁ sthāvaraṁ ishyate ।
(M. LI. 17-18).
Evaṁ tu chotsavādīnāṁ sthāvaraṁ jaṅgamādinaḥ(-nāṁ) ।
(M. LXIV. 93).

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JAṄGHĀ—The leg, the pillar.

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(1) A synonym of the pillar (M. XV. 4, see under Stambha). A pillar in an upper storey (M. XXVI. 55, see under Stambha). A part of the leg from the ankle to the knee :

v1.c6.s15.19

Jānu-tāraṁ śarāṁśaṁ syāj jaṅghā-tāraṁ yugāṁśakam ।
(M. LVII. 33, etc).

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(2) Jaṅghochchhrāyaṁ tu karttavyaṁ chatur-bhāgena chāyataṁ ।

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Jaṅghāyāṁ(-yāḥ) dvi-guṇochchhrāyaṁ mañjaryyāḥ kalpayed budhaḥ ॥
(Agni-Purāṇa, chap. V. 423).

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(3) Ūrddhva-kshetra-sama-jaṅghā jaṅghārddha-dvi-guṇaṁ bhavet ॥

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Tad-dvidhā cha bhaved dhītir jaṅghā tad vistārārddhagā ॥
Tad-vistāra-samā jaṅghā śikharaṁ dvi-guṇaṁ bhavet ॥
(Garuḍa-Purāṇa, chap. 47, v. 3, 12, 17, see also v. 13).

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JAṄGHĀ-PATHA—(see Rāja-patha)—The foot-path.

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Jaṅghā-pathas chatush-pādas tri-pādaṁ cha gṛihāntaram ।
Dhṛiti-mārgas tūrddhva-shashṭhaṁ kramaśaḥ padikaḥ smṛitaḥ ॥
(Brahmāṇḍa-Purāṇa, part I, 2nd anushaṅga-pāda, chap. 7, v. 115 ; see also v. 113, 114 under Rāja-patha).

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JAJÑA-KĀNTA—A class of the five-storeyed buildings.

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JANAKA—(JANA-KĀNTA)—A class of the eight-storeyed buildings. (M. XXVI. 39, see under Prāsāda).

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A class of the twelve-storeyed buildings once prevailing in the ancient country of Janaka (Mithilā) :

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Tad eva mahā-śālā tu dvi-bhāgaṁ madhya-bhadrakam।
Jana-kāntam iti proktaṁ śrēshṭho ravi-tālānvitam।

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(M. XXX. 35–36, see also 33-34 under Māgadha-kānta).

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JANA-CHĀPĀKṚITI—A type of bow-shaped arch.

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Vṛittaṁ vātha tri-yugmaṁ vā chārdha-chandrākṛitis tathā।
Jana-chāpākṛitir vāpi yatheshṭākāra-toraṇam।

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(M. XLVI. 31–32).

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JANMAN—(cf. Upāna)—The base, the plinth, the basement.

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The basement (M. XI. 125, 126; XII. 202, etc).

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The plinth of the pedestal (M. XIII. 5, etc., see the lists of mouldings under Upapīṭha).

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The plinth of the base (M. XIV. 16, etc., see the lists of mouldings under Adhishṭhāna).

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-JANMA-NIRGAMA (-NISHKRAMAṆA)—The projection or extension of the base or basement. (M. XIII. 138; VI. 106, etc).

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JAYADA—(see Utsedha)—A height which is 1½ of the breadth. (M. XXXV. 22-26, and Kāmikagama, L. 24 f., see under Adbhuta).

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JAYANTA-PURA—A town, a village, an establishment for pious and learned Brāhmaṇs. (Kamauli Plates of the kings of Kanauj, no U, line 28, Ep. Ind. vol. IV. pp. 128, 129).

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JAYANTĪ(-Ī)—A column, a post, a moulding.

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(1) A synonym of the balance-post (tulā-daṇḍa) :

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Tulā-daṇḍaṁ jayantī cha phalakā paryāya-vāchakāḥ ।

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(M. xvi. 48).

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(2) A part of the column :

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Mudrikāch cha tulādhikyā jayantī tu tulopari ॥

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(Suprabhedāgama, xxxi. 108, see also 105-109 under Stambha).

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(3) A moulding of the column :

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Tulā-vistāra-tārochchā jayantī syāt tulopari ॥
Jayantī vaṁśakā jñeyā tulāvad anumārgakam ॥

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(Kāmikāgama, liv. 13, 16).

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JAYANTIKĀ(-KĀ)—A post, a moulding. In connection with the entablature (prastara) :

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Etat prachchhādanāt sthāne daṇḍaṁ chopari śāyayet ।
Etad dvāra-vaśād dīrghaṁ tasyopari jayantikam ।
Dāru-daṇḍaṁ śilā vāpi ishṭakena jayantikam ।
Athavā dāru-jayantīś cha śilā chet saha-daṇḍakam ।
Vinā daṇḍaṁ tathā kuryāt pāshāṇaṁ phalakā nyaset ।
Etat sarvālaye kuryād deva-harmye viśeshataḥ ।

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(M. xvi. 124-129).

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Ādhāra-paṭṭa-saṁyuktaṁ sa-tulaṁ tu jayantikam ।

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(Ibid. xvi. 149).

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JAYA-BHADRA—A pavilion with twenty-two columns. (Suprabhedāgam, xxxi. 102, 100, see under Maṇḍapa).

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JAYAS-TAMBHA—A pillar of vitory (see under Stambha).

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JAYĀLA—A type of pavilion. (M. xxxiv. 294, see under Maṇḍapa).

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JAYĀVAHA—A pavilion with fifty pillars. (Matsya-Purāṇa, chap. 270, v. 9, see under Maṇḍapa).

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JALA-GARBHA—(see Garbha)—The water-foundation, the foundation of a tank, etc. (M. xii. 184-189, see under Garbha-nyāsa).

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JALA-DURGA—(see Durga)—A water-fort.

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(1) Kauṭilīya-Arthaśāstra chap. (xxiv. para 1, p. 51, see under Durga).

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(2) See Śukranīti under Durga.

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JALA-DVĀRA—The water-door, a gutter, a drain.

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Jala-dvāraṁ punas teshāṁ pravakshyāmi niveśanām ॥

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In the three following lines the positions of the water-door are described.

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(Kāmikāgama, xxxv. 167).

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A gutter:

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Kuryāt tu bhitti-mūle tu jala-dvāraṁ yatheshṭa-dik ।
(M. xxxi. 99; see also ix. 310-312, under Dvāra).
Jala-dvāraṁ yathāsārā (-sālāṁ) nimna-deśe prakalpayet ।
(M. xxxviii. 8, see also 40).

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JALA-DHĀRĀ—The gutter-like part of the pedestal (pīṭha) of the Phallus.

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Nāla-tāra-tri-bhāgaikaṁ jala-dhārā-viśālakam ।
(M. liii. 23 etc).

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JALA-PŪRITA-MAṆḌAPA—A detached building where water is preserved for bathing, washing, etc.

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Parjanye majjanārthāya jala-pūrita-maṇḍapam ।
(M. xxxii. 56, etc.).

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JALA-STHALA—A reservoir of water.

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In connection with the three-storeyed buildings:

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Paritaś chaika-bhāgena kūṭa-śālādi-bhūshitam ।
Tasyāntaś chāvṛitāṁśena chordhva-deśe jala-sthalam ।
(M. xxi. 58-59).

v1.c6.s15.77

In connection with the four-storeyed buildings:

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Ekena karṇa-harmyādi tasyāntar jala-(tat)-sthalam ।
(M. xxii. 78, etc).

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In connection with the nine-storeyed buildings:

v1.c6.s15.80

Śreshṭhaṁ nava-talaṁ proktaṁ viśva-kāntam udīritam ।
Tad-ūrdhve dvyamśa-mānena vakshye chordhve jala-sthalam ।

v1.c6.s15.81

In connection with the prākāra-buildings :
Shaḍ-aṅgulāvaśānaṁ syāt kramāt (?bhramāt) sarve jala-sthale ।
(M. xxxi. 95).

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JALĀNTA—Foundations reaching the underground-water in connection with buildings.

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(1) Khānayed bhū-talaṁ śreshṭhaṁ purushāñjali-mātrakam ।
Jalāntaṁ vā śilāntaṁ vā pūrayed vālukair jalaiḥ ॥
(M. xviii. 6-7).

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(2) Saṁgraha-śiromaṇi by Sarayū Prasāda (xx. 23) quotes from Māṇḍavya :
Jalāntaṁ prastarāntaṁ vā purushāntaṁ athāpi vā ।
Kshetranṁ saṁśodhya chodhṛitya śalya-sadanam ārabhet ।

v1.c6.s15.85

(3) Vāstu-yāga-tattva by Raghunandana quotes from the Liṅga (-Purāṇa) without any reference :
Agrataḥ śodhayitvā tu bhūmiṁ yasya puroditam ।
Dvi-hastaṁ chatur-hastaṁ vā jalāntaṁ vāpi śodhya cha ॥

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JALA-SŪTRA(-SŪTRADA)—A channel, (a hydraulic engineer).

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(1) "The engineers of the Belāla Kings did not confine their attention to building alone, but irrigation works were also taken in hand. Tradition has it that the waters of the Yagachi which flows through a valley distant 10 miles and divided by a range of hills from the Halabid valley, were brought by a channel to supply the capital with water and fill the neighbouring tanks; a deep cutting on the Hasan-Bailur road at the 16th mile, works the spot where the channel crossed the saddle of the hills."
(Ind. Ant. vol. I. p. 44. c. 2, para 2 middle).

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(2) "Where as we constructed a new dam in the Kāverī and led a channel therefrom, and the Brāhmaṇs of Harahu made with us the following agreement in order that the channel might be brought within the limits of their village Harahu."
(Ep. Carnat. vol. III. Seringapatam Taluq, no. 139, Transl. p. 33, line 3, Roman text, p. 77, line 5).

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(3) Jalāndarava māḍisi devāṅge—"erecting a jalāndara (?) for the god " (? temple).

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(Ep. Carnat. vol. III. Malavalli Taluq, no. 64, Roman text, p. 147, line 3, Transl. p. 63).

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(4) "Vīra-pratāya Bukka-Rāya in his court gave an order to the emperor (or master) of ten sciences (daśa-vidyā-chakra-varti), the hydraulic engineer (*jala-sūtra-da*) Siṅgāya-bhaṭṭa, that they must bring the Henne river to Penugoṇḍe—and that Siṅgāya-bhaṭṭa conducting a channel to the Siruvera tank gave to the channel the name Pratāpa-Bukka-Rāya maṇḍala channel and had this śāsana written." "An interesting case is recorded in this inscription : when the prince Bukka Rāya was Governor of Penugoṇḍa in 1388 (A. D.), he ordered the hydraulic engineer to bring the Henne river (the modern Pennār) to the city. Accordingly a channel was made from Kallūḍi to the Siravera tank, 10 miles to the north. How the water was carried beyond that does not appear. An amusing account is given of the accomplishments of the engineer who was master of ten sciences."

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Jala-sūtra-svara-śāstre rasa-vaidye satya-bhāshāyām।
Rudraya-siṅgari-bhavataḥ sadṛiśaḥ ko vā mahī-tale śūraḥ॥
(Ep. Carnat. vol. x. Goribidpur Taluq, no. 6, Roman text, p. 259 f. Transl. p. 212, Preface, p. 2).

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(5) "Saying to them 'you must make this channel' they sent for the last Voja's son Peda-Bayiraboja, and gave them the contract. And they dug a channel from before Peda Nandisiriyūru and carrying it on below led it so as to fill the tank."

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(Ep. Carnat. vol. x. Bagepalli Taluq, no. 10, Roman text, p. 285, Transl. p. 232).

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JĀTI—A class of buildings, a door, a type of top-room, a phallus.

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Keśaryādi-prāsāda-jāti—the Kesari and other classes of buildings.

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(Prāsāda-Maṇḍana-Vāstuśāstra of Sūtra-dhāra-Maṇ-ḍana, VI. Ms. Egg. 3147, 2253, fol. 26 b).

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Karṇa-madhye'ntare kūṭa-koshṭhe pañjara-saṁyutam ।
Shaḍ-vargaka-samāyuktaṁ jātir eshāṁ hy-anarpitam ॥
(Kāmikāgama, XLV. 19, see also 7 and cf. L. 9, 11).

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A class of kūṭa-koshṭha or top-rooms (Kāmikāgama, LV. 123-128, see under Karṇa-kūṭa).

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A class of buildings (M. XI. 104-107, XIX. 1-5, XXX. 175-177, XXXIV. 549-552, see under Ābhāsa).

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Cf. Kechid bhadra-viśesheṇa jātir uktaṁ purātanaiḥ ।

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(M. XXXIV. 553).

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A class of doors (M. XXXIX. 28-35, see under Ābhāsa). A type of the phallus (M. LII. 49, see under Ābhāsa).

v1.c6.s15.104

JĀTI-PRĀKĀRA—The enclosure-(buildings) of the Jāti class.

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(M. XXXI. 35, see under Prākāra).

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JĀTI-ŚĀLĀ—(see Jāti)—The śālā (hall) of the Jāti class.

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Evaṁ tu jāti-śālā cha kuryād-dharmya-vaśāt sudhīḥ ।
(M. XXXI. 20, etc).

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JĀTI-HARMYA—The buildings of the Jāti class.

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Vakshe'haṁ jāti-harmyāṇām āyādi-lakshaṇaṁ kramāt ।
(M. XXX. 169, etc).

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JĀLA-(KA,KĀ)—(cf. Vātāyana)—A latticed window, an ornament.

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(1) Mānasāra :

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In connection with the single-storeyed buildings ;

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Yat tan nāmāntarālaṁ chordhve nāsikā jāla-pañjaraṁ vāpi ।
(M. XIX. 215).

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In connection with the seven-storeyed buildings :

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Nānā-prastara-saṁyuktaṁ jālakābhir alaṅkṛitam ।
(M. XXV. 37).

v1.c6.s15.116

In connection with the nine-storeyed buildings :

v1.c6.s15.117

Toraṇādy-aṅga-nīḍaiś cha jālakādi-vibhūshitam ।

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In connection with the gopuras (gate-houses) :

v1.c6.s15.119

Narāṇāṁ jālakam sarvaṁ devānām api yogyakam ।
(M. xxxiii. 572).

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In connection with the maṇḍapas (pavilions) :

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Tad eva cheshṭa-dig-vāsaṁ kuryād evaṁ tu jālakam ।
(M. xxxiv. 205).

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In connection with the door :

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Jayante vā mṛige vāpi chopadvāraṁ tu jālakam ।
(M. xxxviii. 19).

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In connection with the doors of the kitchen (latticed windows are provided for the easy passage of smoke) :

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Tad-ūrdhva-gamanārthāya kshudra-jālaka-saṁyutam ।
(M. xxxviii. 36).

v1.c6.s15.126

Devānāṁ harmyake sarvaṁ madhya-dvāraṁ tu jālakam ।
(M. xxxix. 138).

v1.c6.s15.127

Jālakādhika-hīnaṁ syād śrī-hīnam artha-nāśanam ।
(M. lxix. 35).

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An ornament for the feet :

v1.c6.s15.129

Ratnāṅgulīyakau hastau pādaṁ jāla-saratnakam ।
(M. li. 39).

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Chāmuṇḍī jvāla (? jāla)-maulī cha bhairavī pībarālakaṁ(-kā) ।
(M. liv. 136).

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(2) Manu-saṁhitā (viii. 132, etc.) :

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Jālāntara-gate-bhānau yat sūkshmaṁ dṛiśyate rajaḥ ।

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(3) Rāmāyaṇa (Cock) :

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V. 2. 49 : (Purīṁ) śata-kumbha-nibhair jālair gandharva-nagaropamām ।
V. 2. 53 : Mahārha-jāmbu-nada-jāla-toraṇāṁ (Laṅkām) ।
V. 4. 6 : Vajra-jāla-vibhūshitaiḥ gṛiha-meghaiḥ ।

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V. 8. 1: Mahad vimānam...pratapta-jāmbu-nada-jāla-kṛitrimam।
V. 9. 22: (Sālām)...hema-jāla-virājitām।
V. 54. 22: Kāñchana-jālāni....(bhavanāni)।
III. 55. 10: Hema-jālāvṛitāś chāsaṁs tatra prāsāda-paṅktayaḥ।

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(4) Mahābhārata:

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I. 185,19-20: Prāsādaiḥ sukṛitochchhrayaiḥ।
Suvarṇa-jāla-saṁvṛitair maṇi-kuṭṭima-bhūshaṇaiḥ।
I. 134. 14: Muktā-jāla-parikshiptaṁ vaidūrya-maṇi-śobhitam।
Śata-kumbha-mayaṁ divyaṁ prekshāgāraṁ upāgataṁ।
I. 128. 40: Gavākshakais tathā jālaiḥ।
II. 34. 21: (Āvasathān)...suvarṇa-jāla-saṁvṛitān।

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(5) Śilpaśāstra-sāra-saṁgraha (IX. 23):

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Eka-bhāgaś chatus-stambhaś chatur-dvāraḥ sa-jālakaḥ।
Chhādya-ghaṇṭā-yuto māḍa-śobhitaḥ śrīdharamataḥ॥

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(6) Kāmikāgama (LV. 94, 158-163).

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Jālakaṁ pālakaṁ śailaṁ aishṭaṁ kuḍyaṁ cha ishyate।
Jālakair bahubhir yuktaṁ jālakaṁ kuḍyaṁ ishyate॥ 94

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The seven kinds of the latticed windows:

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Ṛiju-jālakaṁ ādyaṁ syāt gavākshaṁ kuñjarākshakam।
Go-mūtraṁ gaṇikā-patra(ṁ) nandyāvartaṁ cha saptadhā॥ 158
Ṛiju-kampa-yutaṁ yat tu ṛiju-jālakaṁ uchyate।
Karṇa-gatyā yadā śrotraṁ gavāksham iti kīrtitam॥ 159
Tad eva chatur-aśrotthaṁ kuñjarāksham iti smṛitam।
Vidig vaktra-gataṁ dṛishṭiṁ go-mūtram iti kīrtitam॥ 160
Mūlam apy-agra-gulikā-mṛidu-bhitty-antarārcbitaṁ।
Nānā-chchhidra-samāyuktaṁ gaṇikā-jālakaṁ bhavet॥ 161
Patrair vichitraṁ randhraṁ patra-jālakaṁ ishyate।
Patra-sūtra-gataṁ randhraṁ pradakshiṇya-krameṇa tu॥ 162
Nandyāvartaṁ iti proktaṁ vedy-ūrdhve jālakaṁ nayet।
Svayambhuvādi liṅge tu yathākāmaṁ prayojayet॥ 163

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Jālakaṁ cha kavāṭaṁ cha bāhye bāhye prakalpayet।
Sarvvataḥ kuḍya-saṁyuktaṁ mukhya-dhāmātra-kīrtitam॥
Chatur-dig-bhadra-saṁyuktaṁ dvāra-jālaka-śobhitam॥

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(Ibid. xli. 8, 26).

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Jālaka-stambha-kuḍyāṅga-nāsikā-toraṇānvitam।
Prastara-kshudra-sopānaṁ sopānādi-samanvitam॥

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(Ibid. xlii. 25).

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(7) Suprabhedāgama (xxxi. 52, etc.):

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Vedikā-jālakopetā (parvatākṛitiḥ, a building).

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(6) “He, the emperor of the south, caused to be made of stone for Vijaya-Nārāyaṇa (temple) *latticed window* (jālaka-jālakam), secure door-frame (kavāṭam), door-lintel, kitchen, ramparts, pavilion, and a pond named the Vāsudeva-tīrtha.”

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“The pierced stone-windows, which form one of the most beautiful features of the Belur temple, may be of a later date, about 1200 (refers to the inscription quoted above) and due to Ballāla II.”

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In connection with the same windows, Mr. Rice quotes Mr. Fergusson—“The richness and variety of pattern displayed in the windows of the porch are astonishing. They are twenty-eight in number, and all are different........The pierced slabs themselves, however, are hardly so remarkable as the richly carved base on which they rest, and the deep cornice which over-shadows and protects them.” (Ep. Carnat. vol. v. part 1, Belur Taluq, no. 72, Transl. p. 61, Roman text, p. 61, line 7, Introduct. pp. xxxvi, xxxviii, xxxix).

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(7) See bars on the perforated windows. (Chālukyān Architecture, Arch. Surv. new Imp. series, vol. xxi. plate xxxvii, fig. 2).

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(8) See samples of the perforated windows. (Ibid. vol. xxiii. plate lxxiv, ibid. vol. xxix. plate xlii), (9) See 264 kinds of geometrical and very artistic patterns of screens. (Jāla Kaumudī by Pandit Kundanlāl, pp. 188, second paging).

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JĀLA-GAVĀKSHA—The latticed window.

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(1) Jāla-gavākshaka-yuktaḥ—furnished with latticed windows. (Bṛihat-saṁhitā, LVI. 22, J. R. A. S., N. S., vol. XI. p. 319).
(2) Jāla-gavākshair yuktaḥ (Bhavishya-Purāṇa, chap. 130, v. 29).
(3) Muṇḍana jālāndaravaṁ māḍisidaru—“had the latticed windows made for the Tīrthakaras, which their father had had made.” (Ep. Carnat. vol. II. no. 78, Roman text, p. 62, Transl. p. 151).

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JĀLĪ—A trellis window or screen.

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Śrī-uttareśvara-deva-maṇḍape jālī kārāpitā—“a trellis was caused to be made in the temple of”.... (Ahmadabad Inscrip. of Vīśaladeva, A. D. 1251, lines 7-8, Ep. Ind. vol. v. pp. 103, 102).

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JINA-(KA)—The temple of the Jains, the Jain deity.

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(M. XIX. 252, XXXII. 165, XLIII. 145 etc).

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The description of the Jain deities (Mānasāra, chap. LV. 71-95) : They are either stationary or movable (71). The general features : Dvi-bhujaṁ cha dvi-netraṁ cha muṇḍa-tāraṁ cha śirshakaṁ । (72) Sphaṭika-śveta-raktaṁ cha pīta-śyāma-nibhaṁ tathā । (86) They are made in the erect, sitting or recumbent posture (73-76) and in the lotus-seat pose (padmāsana). The attendant deities are Nārada, Yakshas, Vidyādharas, Nāgendra, Dik-pālas and Siddhas (82-88). They are stated to be of five classes (89). The 24 Tīrthas (i.e. Tīrthaṅkaras or apostles) are measured according to the daśa-tāla system (91). Their general features : Nirābharaṇa-sarvāṅgaṁ nirvastrāṅga-manoharam । Savya-vaksha(h)-sthale hema-varṇaṁ śrīvatsa-lāñchhanam । (91-92).

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**JYĀ**—A kind of pent-roof. (M. xviii. 177, see under Lupā).

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**JYOTIḤ**—A kind of pent-roof. (M. xviii. 174, see under Lupā).

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**JYOTISH-KĀNTA**—A class of the six-storeyed buildings. (M. xxiv. 20, see under Prāsāda).

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**JVARA-DEVĀLAYA**—The temple of the god of fever.

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Agniṁ (agnau) pūsha-pade vāpi jvara-devālayaṁ bhavet |
(M. xi. 390).

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“This (no. 43) and the next following seven (44-50) (Velur) inscriptions record grants to Jvara Khaṇḍeśvarasvāmin of Velur, i. e. to the Vellore temple, which is now-a-days called Jala-kaṇṭheśvara (North Arcot Manual, p. 189). The name of the temple is spelt Jvara-kaṇḍeśvara in five inscriptions, Jvara-kaṇṭheśvara in two others, and Jvara-kandheśvara in one of them. The Sanskrit original of these various forms seems to have been Jvara-khaṇḍeśvara. Jvara-khaṇḍa, ‘the destroyer of fever’ would be a synonym of Jvara-hara, which is applied to Śiva in the name of one of the Kāñchipuram temples. (Sewell’s Lists of Antiquities, vol. I. p. 180).”
(H. S. I. I. vol. I. Velur Inscrip. nos. 43-50, p. 69, para 2, notes 3, 4).

Linked texts (20)