[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [Manasara Series (I. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture; II. Indian Architecture according to Manasara-Shilpashastra; III. Manasara on Architecture and Sculpture: Sanskrit Text; IV. Architecture of Manasara: Translation; V. Architecture of Manasara: Illustrations; VI. Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad; VII. An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture)](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927) › v1.c6.s1 # Manasara Series (I. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture; II. Indian Architecture according to Manasara-Shilpashastra; III. Manasara on Architecture and Sculpture: Sanskrit Text; IV. Architecture of Manasara: Translation; V. Architecture of Manasara: Illustrations; VI. Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad; VII. An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture) v1.c6.s1: Ā Mānasāra Series (I. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture; II. Indian Architecture according to Mānasāra-Śilpaśāstra; III. Mānasāra on Architecture and Sculpture: Sanskrit Text; IV. Architecture of Mānasāra: Translation; V. Architecture of Mānasāra: Illustrations; VI. Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad; VII. An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture) v1.c6.s1 - **Language:** English ### Ā ### [v1.c6.s1.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.1) ĀGĀRA—A house, a room, a cell. ### [v1.c6.s1.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.2) For synonyms see Amara-kosha, (II. 2, 5). ### [v1.c6.s1.3](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.3) cf. (1) Rāmāyaṇa (Cock) : ### [v1.c6.s1.4](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.4) V. 3, 18 : Koshṭhāgārāvataṁsikām.......nagarīm । II. 3,44 : Koshṭhāgāra-yudhāgāraiḥ kṛitvā saṁnichayān bahūn । VI. 127,56 : Aneka-śataṁ bhavān kośaṁ koshṭhāgāraṁ gṛihaṁ balam । ### [v1.c6.s1.5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.5) (2) Mahābhārata (Cock) : ### [v1.c6.s1.6](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.6) XII. 69,54 : Bhāṇḍāgāra-yudhāgārān yodhāgārāṁś cha sarvaśaḥ । Aśvāgārān gajāgārān balādhikaraṇāni cha । XII. 86,121 : Bhāṇḍāgāra-yudhāgārān prayatnenābhivardhayet । I. 134,11 : Prekshāgāraṁ suvihitaṁ chakrus te tasya śilpinaḥ । Rājñaḥ sarvāyudhopetaṁ strīṇāṁ chaiva nararshabha ॥ I. 134,14 : Muktā-jāla-parikshiptaṁ vaidūrya-maṇi-śobhitam । Śāta-kumbhamayaṁ divyaṁ prekshāgāram upāgatam ॥ IV. 23,16 : Yad etan nartanāgāraṁ matsya-rājena kāritam । Divyā-atra kanyā nṛityanti rātrau yānti yathāgṛiham ॥ ### [v1.c6.s1.7](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.7) (3) Mānasāra (XXV. 29 etc.) ### [v1.c6.s1.8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.8) Tale tale bhadra-koshṭhāśramāgāraṁ parikīrtitam । ### [v1.c6.s1.9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.9) (4) Dharmma-śāstra-prachoditaṁ yogi-(ā)gāram idaṁ proktaṁ sūribhiḥ pariveshṭitam । ### [v1.c6.s1.10](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.10) “Āgāra, abode, room, covered place, cell.” Fleet. (Skt. and Old Canarese inscriptions, no. CXXX, line 3, Ind. Ant. vol. XIII, p. 222, note 44). ### [v1.c6.s1.11](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.11) (5) Vikhyātā śāntalākhyā sā Jināgāram akārayat—“The celebrated lady had this Jina temple made.” ### [v1.c6.s1.12](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.12) (Ep. Carnat. vol. II. no. 62, Roman text. p. 59, last line, Translation p. 148, last line). ### [v1.c6.s1.13](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.13) ĀCHCHHĀDANA—A roof, the 8th covering moulding from the top of the entablature (Kāmikāgama, LIV. 2, see under \*Prāsāda\*). ### [v1.c6.s1.14](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.14) ĀDIKA—A fast conveyance. ### [v1.c6.s1.15](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.15) Ādikaṁ syandanaṁ śilpi(n) śibikā cha rathaṁ tathā । Sarvair yānam iti khyātaṁ śayanaṁ vakshyate tathā । ### [v1.c6.s1.16](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.16) (M. III. 9-10). ### [v1.c6.s1.17](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.17) Ā(R)DRA-PŪSHĀKṚITI—(see under Liṅga)—A kind of phallus looking like the rising sun. ### [v1.c6.s1.18](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.18) Liṅgākāraṁ ihochyate........... Daivikaṁ ḍiṇḍimākāraṁ mānush(am)ā(r)dra-pūshākṛiti(ḥ) । ### [v1.c6.s1.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.19) (M. LII. 237, 240). ### [v1.c6.s1.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.20) ĀDHĀRA—The basement. ### [v1.c6.s1.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.21) Dvītalānām alaṅkāraṁ vakshye saṁkshipyate'dhunā । Upānādi-stūpi-paryantaṁ ashṭāviṁśad vibhājite । Ādhārochchaṁ guṇāṁśaṁ syāt pāda-tuṅgaṁ shaḍ-aṁśakam । ### [v1.c6.s1.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.22) (M. XX. 1, 3-4). ### [v1.c6.s1.23](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.23) Janmādi-stūpi paryantaṁ chāṅga-mānaṁ ihochyate । Saikāshṭa-pañchakāṁśaṁ harmye tuṅgaṁ vibhājite । Ādhāraṁ chāshta-bhāgena vedāṁśaṁ charaṇāyatam । ### [v1.c6.s1.24](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.24) (M. XVI. 48-50). ### [v1.c6.s1.25](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.25) Uttaraṁ vājanādhāraṁ ādheyaṁ śayanaṁ tathā । Uddhṛitaṁ cha mūrdhakaṁ chaiva mahā-taulī sva vaṁśakam । Prachchhādanasy(am) ādhāraṁ etat paryāyam īritam । ### [v1.c6.s1.26](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.26) (M. XVI. 56-58.) ### [v1.c6.s1.27](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.27) Parimāṇa-virodhena rekhā-vaishamya-bhūshitā । Ādhāras tu chatur-dvāraś chatur-maṇḍapa-śobhitaḥ ॥ Śata-śṛiṅga-samāyukto Meruḥ prāsāda-uttamaḥ । Maṇḍapās tasya karttavyā bhadrais tribhir alaṅkṛitā(ḥ) ॥ Ghaṭanākāra-mānānāṁ bhinnā bhinnā bhavanti te (prāsādāḥ) । Kiyanto yeshu chādhārā nirādhārāś cha kechana ॥ ### [v1.c6.s1.28](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.28) (Garuḍa-Purāṇa, chap. 47, v. 38-40). ### [v1.c6.s1.29](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.29) Valabhī chhadirādhāraḥ । ### [v1.c6.s1.30](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.30) (Hemachandra-Abhidhāna-chintāmaṇi, 1011, Pet. Dict). ### [v1.c6.s1.31](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.31) ĀDHI—Foundations. ### [v1.c6.s1.32](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.32) (An inscription from Dabhoi, verse III, Ep. Indic. vol. I, p. 31, see foot note, p. 24). ### [v1.c6.s1.33](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.33) ĀNDOLA—A swing or hammock. ### [v1.c6.s1.34](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.34) Tad-ūrdhve paṭṭikāṁ nyasya kīlāgre cha kabandhanam । Chaturbhiḥ śriṅkhalā-yuktam āndolaṁ chaikatopari । Deva-bhū-sura-bhūpānāṁ anyeshāṁ śayanārthakam । (M. XLIV. 69-71). ### [v1.c6.s1.35](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.35) ĀNDHĀRA (-RIKĀ)—A closed veranda, a balcony. ### [v1.c6.s1.36](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.36) Kāmikāgama, L: ### [v1.c6.s1.37](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.37) Pañjaro(raś) chārdha-bhāgo vā tri-pādo vātha bhāgikaḥ । Alindāndhārikāndhāra-hārā bhāgena kalpitāḥ ॥ 74 Nava-bhāga-tri-bhāgo vā vyāsa-nāli-gṛihānvitaḥ ॥ Bahir āndhārikāndhāra-hārā bhāgena vistṛitāḥ ॥ 76 Pañchālindaṁ shaṭ-kuḍyaṁ bahir āndhārikāvṛitam ॥ 83 Āndhārāndhāri-hārokta-khaṇḍa-harmya-viśeshitam (vimānam)॥ 91 ### [v1.c6.s1.38](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.38) 'Āndhārika' and 'āndhāra' are used as the synonyms of 'gṛiha-piṇḍi' and 'alinda' respectively, (see Kāmikāgama, LV. 201, under \*Alinda\*). ### [v1.c6.s1.39](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.39) ĀPAṆA—A shop, a market-place. ### [v1.c6.s1.40](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.40) (1) Rāmāyaṇa (Cock) : ### [v1.c6.s1.41](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.41) II. 6. 12 : Nānā-paṇya-samṛiddheshu vaṇijām āpaṇeshu । II. 14. 27 : Samṛiddhā-vipaṇāpaṇām . . . . . (purīm) । II. 114. 13 : Saṁkshipta-vipaṇāpaṇām (Ayodhyām) । VII. 43. 13 : Chatvārāpaṇa-rathyāsu । II. 71. 41 : Mālyāpaṇeshu rājante nādya paṇyāni vā tathā । II. 42. 23 : Saṁvṛitāpaṇa-vedikām.... .......purīm । II. 41. 21 : Saṁvṛitāpaṇa-vīthikā । I. 5. 10 : Su-vibbhaktāntarāpaṇām . . . . . (purīm) । II. 57. 15 : Anvantarāpaṇam । VI. 112. 42 : (Ayodhyām) sikta-rathāntarāpaṇām । VII. 101. 13 : Ubhe (Takshaśilā and Pushkalāvatī)...........su-vibhaktāntarāpaṇe । ### [v1.c6.s1.42](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.42) (2) Rājātaraṅgiṇī, I. 201 etc. : Ṛiddhāpaṇam . . . . . nagaram । (3) Mahābhārata (\*ibid\*) : ### [v1.c6.s1.43](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.43) XII. 86. 8 : Chatvarāpaṇa-śobhitam (puram) । XIII. 30. 17 : (Vārāṇasīm).......samṛiddha-vipaṇāpaṇām । II. 21. 25 : Mālyāpaṇānāṁ cha dadriśuḥ śriyam uttamām । IX. 25. 33 : Vipaṇyāpaṇa-paṇyānām । Comm. Nīlakaṇṭha : Vipaṇaiḥ paṇya-vīthikā । Āpaṇā haṭṭāḥ paṇyāni vikreya-dravyāṇi । ### [v1.c6.s1.44](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.44) (4) Vāpi-kūpa-taḍāga-kuṭṭima-maṭha-prāsāda-satrālayān । ### [v1.c6.s1.45](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.45) Sauvarṇa-dhvaja-toraṇāpaṇa-pura-grāma-prapā-maṇḍapān । . . . . . vyadhāpayad ayaṁ Chaulukya-chūḍāmaṇiḥ । (Śrīdhara’s Deva pattana Praśasti, verse 10, Ep. Ind. vol. II, p. 440-441). ### [v1.c6.s1.46](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.46) ĀPĀNA—A tavern, a liquor-shop, a watering station, huts on road sides where drinking water is distributed gratis. ### [v1.c6.s1.47](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.47) Devānaṁ-piye Piyadasi lājā hevaṁ āhā (:) magesu-pime nigohāni lopāpitāni (:) chhāyopagāni hosaṁti pasumunisānaṁ; ambā-vaḍikyā lopāpitā (;) aḍhak(o)s(i)kyāni pi me uda-pānāni (2) khānāpitāni (;) niṁsidhiyā cha kālāpitā (;) āpānān ime bahukāni tatā tatā kālāpitāni paṭibhogāye pasu-munisānaṁ (.) ### [v1.c6.s1.48](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.48) “ Āpāna cannot have here its usual meaning, namely, tavern, liquor-shop.” ### [v1.c6.s1.49](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.49) “ As professor Kern (Der Buddhismus, vol, II, p. 385) assumes, it must denote a watering station. Probably the huts on the roads are meant, where water is distributed to travellers and their beasts gratis or against payment. The usual Sanskrit name is prapā.” Dr. Bühler. ### [v1.c6.s1.50](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.50) (Pillar edict of Asoka. no. VII, line 2-3 Ep. Ind. vol. II. pp. 270, 274). ### [v1.c6.s1.51](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.51) ĀBHAṄGA—(see under \*Atibhaṅga\* and \*Bhaṅga\*)—A pose in which the idol is slightly bent. ### [v1.c6.s1.52](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.52) Sarveshāṁ deva-devīnāṁ bhaṅga-mānam ihochyate । Ābhaṅga-sama-bhaṅgaṁ cha-ati-bhaṅgaṁ tridhā bhavet ॥ ### [v1.c6.s1.53](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.53) ĀBHĀSA—One of the nine materials of which idols are made, a marble, a class of buildings etc. ### [v1.c6.s1.54](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.54) (1) Etaj jāti-vaśāt proktam chhandādīnāṁ śāntikotsedham। Nava-tale tri-pañcha-vidhaṁ vai vipulaṁ kanyasādi-śresh- ṭhaṁ pravakshyate। Kramatas tri-pādam ardha-karam pādaṁ cha (m)idaṁ saṁ- kalpam ābhāsam idam। (M. ix. 103-104). ### [v1.c6.s1.55](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.55) Eka-bhūmi-vidhiṁ vakshye lākshaṇaṁ vakshyate’dhunā। Jātiś chhandaṁ vikalpaṁ tu chābhāsaṁ tu chatur-vidham। Pūrva-hastena saṁ-yuktaṁ harmyaṁ jātir iti smṛitam। Chhandaṁ tri-pāda-hastena vikalpaṁ syāt tad-ardhakam। Ābhāsaṁ chārdha-hastena harmyādīnāṁ tu mānayet। (M. xix. 1-5). ### [v1.c6.s1.56](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.56) Eka-tri-pādam ardhaṁ cha pāda-hastaṁ yathā-kramam। Jātiś chhanda(m) vikalpaṁ cha-ābhāsaṁ chatur-vidham। Etat tad eva saṁyuktaṁ harmyāṇāṁ māna-kalpanam। (M. xxx. 175-177). ### [v1.c6.s1.57](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.57) Pavilions of some particular shape : ### [v1.c6.s1.58](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.58) Devānāṁ bhū-surāṇāṁ cha maṇḍapaṁ jāti-rūpakam। Bhūpānāṁ maṇḍape sarve chhanda-rūpam itīritam। Vaiśyakānāṁ tu sarveshāṁ vikalpaṁ cheti kathyate। Śūdrāṇāṁ maṇḍapaṁ sarvam chābhāsam iti kīrtitam। (M. xxxiv. 547-550). ### [v1.c6.s1.59](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.59) In connection with doors : ### [v1.c6.s1.60](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.60) Sapta-viṁśodayam hy-evaṁ tad-ardhaṁ vistṛitaṁ bhavet। Evaṁ jāti-vaśāt proktaṁ chhandādīnāṁ pravakshyate। Trayoviṁśa-śatāntaṁ syāch chhanda-dvāra-viśālakam। Pañcha-viṁśāṅgulam ārabhya dvi-dvyaṅgula-vivardhanāt। Eka-viṁśāṅgulam ārabhya dvi-dvyaṅgula-vivardhanāt। Eka-viṁśa(ṁ)-śatāntaṁ syād vikalpa-dvāra-vistṛitam। Nava-paṅktyaṅgulam ārabhya dvi-dvyaṅgula-vivardhanāt। Eka-paṅktyaṅgulādhikyaṁ śatāntaṁ ābhāsa-vistṛitam। ### [v1.c6.s1.61](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.61) In connection with the phallus : Jātich-chhanda-vikalpaṁ cha-ābhāsaṁ tu chatur-vidham । (M. LII. 49). ### [v1.c6.s1.62](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.62) A kind of marble of which idols and statues are made : Brahmā-vishṇu-maheśānāṁ lakshaṇaṁ vakshyate'dhunā । Hiraṇya-rajatenaiva tāmreṇaiva śile vāpi । Dārve vā sudhe vāpi śarkarābhāsa-mṛittikā । Etais tu navadhā dravyai(ś) chottamādi trayaṁ trayam । Chalaṁ chāpy-achalaṁ chāpi nava-dravyais tu nirmitaḥ । Lohajair mṛit-sudhā chaiva śarkarābhāsa-mṛittikā । Chala-dravyam iti proktaṁ anyeshāṁ chāchalaṁ viduḥ । (M. LI. 1-7). ### [v1.c6.s1.63](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.63) Three kinds : Chitrāṅgam ardha-chitrāṅgam ābhāsāṅgaṁ tridhochyate । Sarvāṅgaṁ dṛiśya-mānaṁ yat chitraṁ evaṁ prakathyate । Ardhāṅga-dṛiśyamānaṁ cha tad ardha-chitraṁ iti smṛitam । Ardhārdha-darśanaṁ(dṛiśya)-mānaṁ ābhāsam iti kathyate । (M. LI. 8-11). ### [v1.c6.s1.64](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.64) Uttamaṁ lohajaṁ bimbaṁ piṭhābhāsaṁ tu chottamam । (\*Ibid.\* 19). ### [v1.c6.s1.65](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.65) Cf. Eka-kāle kṛitaṁ sarvaṁ sudhā-mṛit-kaṭa-śarkaraiḥ । (\*Ibid.\* 24-25). ### [v1.c6.s1.66](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.66) Berāṇāṁ dravyaṁ ityuktāṁ . . . . . lohaje vā śile'thavā । Dārvābhāsa-ratnena sudhā-mṛit-kaṭa-śarkarā(aiḥ)। Ghanam vāpy-aghanaṁ vāpi kuryāt tu śilpi(a)vit-tamaḥ । (M. LXII. 15-17). ### [v1.c6.s1.67](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.67) (2) Śilodbhavānāṁ v(b)imbānāṁ chitrābhāsasya vā punaḥ । Jalādhivāsanaṁ proktaṁ vṛishendrasya prakīrtitam ॥ (Liṅga-Purāṇa, part. II (Uttara-bhāga), chap. 48, v. 43). ### [v1.c6.s1.68](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.68) (3) Pratimā saptadhā proktā bhaktānāṁ śuddha-vṛiddhaye । Kāñchanī rājatī tāmrī pārthivī śailajā smṛitā ॥ ### [v1.c6.s1.69](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.69) Vārkshī chālekhyakā veti mūrti-sthānāni sapta vai । ‘Ālekhyaka’ and ‘ābhāsa’ seem to have the same meaning and indicate the same material. (Bhavishya-Purāṇa, chap. 131. v. 2, 3). ### [v1.c6.s1.70](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.70) (4) Indhanāni cha vinyasya palālāni cha vinyaset । Tasmin loshṭāni vinyasya palālais chhādayet punaḥ ॥ Palālābhāsakaiḥ paśchād brihyābhāsais tushais tathā । Āchchhādyādbhir atha siñchech chhākhāṁ prajjvālayet punaḥ ॥ (Vāstu-vidyā, ed. Gaṇapati Śāstri, xvi. 32-33). ### [v1.c6.s1.71](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.71) (5) Another class of buildings : (Jāti) Chhandaṁ Vikalpaṁ Ābhāsam ekaike tu dvi-saṁkhyakam । (Kāmikāgama, L. 13). A class of kūṭa-koshṭha or top-room being a combination of the Chhanda and Vikalpa classes (Kāmikāgama, LV. 130, 123-127, see under Karṇa-kūṭa). ### [v1.c6.s1.72](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.72) (6) Suprabhedāgama, xxxiv. 3-4 (refers to the image of Īśvara) : Chitraṁ chitrārdham evaṁ tu chitrābhāsaṁ tathaiva cha । Sarvāvayava-sampūrṇaṁ dṛiśyaṁ tach chitram uchyate ॥ Ardhāvayava-saṁdṛiśyam ardha-chitraṁ chaiva cha । Paṭe bhittau cha yo (al) likhyaṁ chitrābhāsam ihochyate ॥ Exactly similar definitions are given in the Mānasāra, but therein ‘ābhāsa’ refers to a material of which an idol is made, whereas in this Āgama, ‘ābhāsa’ refers to the image itself. Materials of which images are made : Mṛiṇmayaṁ yadi kuryāch chech chhūlana(ṁ) tatra prakalpayet । Lohajaṁ cha viśesheṇa madhūchchhishteṇa nirmitam । (Ibid. 31). ### [v1.c6.s1.73](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.73) (7) Lohajatve madhūchchhishṭam agninārdrikṛitas tu yat । Vastreṇa śodhayet sarvaṁ doshaṁ tyaktvā tu śilpinā ॥ (Karaṇāgama, xi. 41). ### [v1.c6.s1.74](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.74) (8) Mūrtis tu vṛiksha-pāshāṇa-loha-dravyaiḥ prakārayet । The image should be made of materials like timber, stone, and iron. (Śilpa-śāstra-sāra-saṁgraha, XI. 5). ### [v1.c6.s1.75](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.75) (9) Sauvarṇī rājatī vāpi tāmrī ratnamayī tathā । Śailī dārumayī chāpi loha-sīsa-mayī tathā ॥ Rītikā-dhātu-yuktā vā tāmra-kāṁsa-mayī tathā । Sudhā-dāru-mayī vāpi devatārchā praśasyate ॥ (Matsya-Purāṇa, chap. 258, v. 20-21). ### [v1.c6.s1.76](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.76) (10) Mṛiṇmayī dāru-ghaṭitā lohajā ratnajā tathā ॥ Śailajā gandhajā chaiva kaumudī saptadhā smṛitā । Kāṁsamayī gandhajā chaiva mṛiṇmayī pratimā tathā ॥ (Agni-Purāṇa, chap. 43. v. 9-10). ### [v1.c6.s1.77](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.77) (11) Mṛiṇmaye prativ(b)imbe tu vaset kalpa-yutaṁ divi । Dāru-pāshāṇa-dhātūnāṁ kramād daśa-guṇādhikam ॥ Mṛiṇmaye vāhane datte yat phalaṁ jāyate bhuvi । Dāruje tad-daśa-guṇaṁ śilāje tad-daśādhikam ॥ Rītikā-kāṁsa-tāmrādi-nirmite deva-vāhane । Datte phalam āpnoti kramāt śata-guṇādhikam ॥ (Mahānirvāṇa-Tantra, XIII. 22, 30, 31). ### [v1.c6.s1.78](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.78) (12) Svarṇādi-lauha-bimbe cha deha-garbhaṁ na karāyet ॥ 4 Kāshṭha-pāshāṇa-bimbe cha yat sandhau vidhir uchyate ॥ 6 Yat bimbe cha kṛite dravyaṁ svarṇaṁ tāmraṁ tu mṛiṇmaye । Śaile kāshṭhe ishṭikā-chūrṇaṁ bimbaṁ tatra prachakshate ॥ 3 (Bimbamāna, British Museum, Ms. 1. 558, 5292, v. 4, 6; Ms. 2. 5291, 559, v. 3). ### [v1.c6.s1.79](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.79) (13) "Here they produced a Liṅga, of seven metals viz. gold, silver, tin, lead, copper, iron and bell-metal." (Sahyādri-khaṇḍa of the Skanda-Purāṇa, Ind. Ant. Vol. III, p. 194, c. 1. last para). Cf. "Again, when the people make images and chaityas which consist of gold, silver, copper, iron, earth, lacquer, bricks, and stone, or (? and) when they heap up the snowy sand (lit. ### [v1.c6.s1.80](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.80) sand-snow, ? \*ābhāsa\*), they put in images or chaityas two kinds of \*śarīras\* (relics)—(1) the relics of the great Teacher, and (2) the Gāthā of the chain of causation. {Itsing's work, ‘Record of the Buddhist Religion,’ transl. Takakusu, p. 150, quoted by V. A. Smith, Ind. Ant. Vol. xxxiii. p. 175). ### [v1.c6.s1.81](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.81) ĀLIṄGA—A flat moulding resembling the fillet. It is placed alternately together with the Antarita and is inseparably connected with the latter (see \*Antarita\*). ### [v1.c6.s1.82](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.82) ĀYA—One of the six varga formulas (see under \*Shaḍvarga\*). ### [v1.c6.s1.83](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.83) ĀYAKA-SKAMBHA—A sort of pillar (see under \*Stambha\*). ### [v1.c6.s1.84](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.84) ĀYATANA—A dwelling, a temple where an idol is installed. ### [v1.c6.s1.85](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.85) (1) Pūrveṇa phalino vṛikshāḥ kshīra-vṛikshās tu dakshiṇe । Paśchimena jalaṁ śreshṭhaṁ padmotpala-vibhūshitam ॥ Uttare saralais tālaiḥ śubhā syāt pushpa-vāṭikā ॥ Sarvatas tu jalaṁ śreshṭhaṁ sthiram asthiram eva cha । Pārśve chāpi kartavyaṁ parivārādikālayam । Yāmye tapovana-sthānaṁ uttare mātṛikā-gṛiham । Mahānasaṁ tathāgneye nairṛitye’tha vināyakam ॥ Varuṇe śrīnivāsas tu vāyavye gṛiha-mālikā । Uttare yajña-śālā tu nirmālya-sthānam uttare ॥ Vāruṇe soma-daivatye bali-nirvapaṇaṁ smṛitam । Purato vṛishabha-sthānaṁ śeshe syāt kusumāyudhaḥ ॥ Jale vāpi tathaiśāne Vishṇus tu jala-śāyyapi । Evaṁ āyatanaṁ kuryāt kuṇḍa-maṇḍapa-saṁyutam ॥ (Matsya-Purāṇa, chap. 270, v. 28-34). ### [v1.c6.s1.86](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.86) (2) Pañchāyatana-madhye tu Vāsudevaṁ niveśayet । (Agni-Purāṇa, chap. 43. v. 1). ### [v1.c6.s1.87](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.87) (3) Devatāyatana-vāpī-kūpa-taḍāgādi-nirmāṇaṁ । (Nārada-Purāṇa, part I (pūrva-bhāga), chap. 13, Colophon). ### [v1.c6.s1.88](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.88) (4) Chatuḥ-shashṭi-padaṁ kuryāt devāyatanaṁ sadā । (Bhavishya-Purāṇa, chap. 130, v. 17; Bṛihat-saṁhitā, lvi. 10). Pura-madhyaṁ samāśritya kuryād āyatanaṁ raveḥ ॥ (Bhavishya-Purāṇa, chap. 130, v. 40; see also v. 41). ### [v1.c6.s1.89](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.89) I. 5.13 : purīm...........devāyatanaiś chaiva vimānair api śobhitām । I. 13.37 : yajñāyatana । I. 77.13 : devatāyatanāni । II. 6. 4 : śrīmatyāyatane vishṇoḥ । II. 6. 11 : sitābhra-śikharābheshu devatāyataneshu । II. 3. 18 : devāyatana-chaityeshu । II. 25. 4 : chaityeshv-āyataneshu cha । II. 52.90 : tīrthāny-āyatanāni cha । II. 56.33 : chaityānyāyatanāni cha । II. 71.42 : devāyatana-chaityeshu । VII. 101.15 : ubhe purottame..........śobhite śobhanīyaiś cha devāyatana-vistaraiḥ । ### [v1.c6.s1.90](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.90) (6) Mahābhārata, II. 80, 30 etc. (ibid) : ### [v1.c6.s1.91](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.91) Devāyatana-chaityeshu । ### [v1.c6.s1.92](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.92) (7) Taittirīya-saṁhitā, 2, 2, 6, 1 etc. (Pet. Dict.) : ### [v1.c6.s1.93](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.93) Devānām evāyatane yatate jayati taṁ saṁgrāmam । ### [v1.c6.s1.94](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.94) (8) Śatapatha-Brāhmaṇa, 4, 4, 5, 3 ; 5, 2, 13 ; 6, 2, 1, 14 ; 12, 5, 1, 17 etc. (ibid) : ### [v1.c6.s1.95](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.95) Kūpā iva hi sarpāṇām āyatanāni । ### [v1.c6.s1.96](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.96) Chhāndogya-upanishad, 6, 8, 2 etc. (ibid) : ### [v1.c6.s1.97](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.97) Sa yathā śakuniḥ sūtreṇa prabaddho diśaṁ diśaṁ pati-tvānyatrāyatanamalabdhvā bandhanam evopāśrayate । ### [v1.c6.s1.98](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.98) (9) Śivasyāyatanaṁ ramyaṁ chakre—"built a beautiful temple of Śiva." ### [v1.c6.s1.99](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.99) (An Abu Inscrip. of the reign of Bhīmadeva II, Ind. Ant. vol. xi. pp. 221, 222). ### [v1.c6.s1.100](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.100) (10) Chakārāyatanaṁ Śambhor ambhonidhi-samaṁ saraḥ—"he built the temple of Śambhu and a tank equal to the sea." ### [v1.c6.s1.101](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.101) (Harsauḍa Inscrip. of Devapaladeva, line 13—14, Ind. Ant. vol. xx. p. 312). ### [v1.c6.s1.102](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.102) (11) Śrī-Nānigasvāmī devāyatanaṁ kārāpitam | ### [v1.c6.s1.103](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.103) ‘The temple of the illustrious god Nānigasvāmin was caused to be made.’ ### [v1.c6.s1.104](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.104) (Atpur Inscrip. of Śakti-kumāra, line 1-2, Ind. Ant. Vol. xxxix. p. 191). ### [v1.c6.s1.105](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.105) (12) Someśvarāyatana-maṇḍapam uttareṇa | ### [v1.c6.s1.106](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.106) (Cintra Praśasti of the reign of Sarangadeva, verses, 40, 41, 42, 45, 72; Ep. Ind., Vol., I, p. 284). ### [v1.c6.s1.107](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.107) ĀYĀDI-KARMAN—The consideration of Āya and other formulas. (See under Shaḍ-varga); cf. ### [v1.c6.s1.108](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.108) Evaṁ tu daṇḍakaṁ (grāmaṁ) proktaṁ tasyāyāmam ihochyate | Vistārād dvi-daṇḍena vardhayed dviguṇāntakam | Yaḥ śubhāyādi-karmārthaṁ daṇḍa-hīnādhikaṁ tu vā | (M. ix. 12-14). ### [v1.c6.s1.109](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.109) ĀYĀDI-BHŪSHAṆA—The consideration of Āya etc. (See under Shaḍ-varga); cf. ### [v1.c6.s1.110](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.110) Pādānām api sarveshāṁ lakshaṇaṁ vakshyate'dhunā | Āyāmaṁ cha viśālaṁ cha āyādi bhūshaṇādikam | (M. xv. 1-2). ### [v1.c6.s1.111](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.111) ĀYĀDI-SHAḌ-VARGA—The Āya, Vyaya, Ṛiksha, Yoni, Vāra, and Aṁśa or Tithi. (See under Shaḍ-varga); cf. ### [v1.c6.s1.112](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.112) Evam āyādi shaḍ-vargaṁ kuryāt tatra vichakshaṇaiḥ( ṇaḥ) | (M. ix. 74). ### [v1.c6.s1.113](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.113) ĀYIKA-PĀDA—A kind of pillar (cf. stambha). ### [v1.c6.s1.114](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.114) Vedāṁśaṁ changhri-tungaṁ chārdhaṁ prastarotsedham | Tad-dvayaṁ āyika-pādaṁ sārdhāṁśaṁ prastaram uttungam | Tad-ūrdhvānghri guṇāṁśaṁ tad-ardhaṁ ūrdhva-mañchochcham | (M. xxviii. 25-27). ### [v1.c6.s1.115](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.115) ĀRĀMA—(cf. Udyāna)—A pleasure-garden, a garden-house, an orchard. ### [v1.c6.s1.116](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.116) (1) Nāgasya vāmake yāmye kuryād ārāma-deśakam | Pushpodyānaṁ tataḥ kuryāt mukhya-bhallāṭake'pi cha | Nṛittāgāraṁ tataḥ kuryān nānā-nṛittānganāni cha | ### [v1.c6.s1.117](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.117) (2) Prāntach-chhāya-vinir-muktā na manojñā jalāśayāḥ । Yasmād ato jala-prānteshvārāmān viniveśayet ॥ "Considering that water reservoirs without shade on the margin are not lovely, one ought to have \*gardens\* laid out on the banks of the water." (Brihat-saṁhitā, lv. 1, J. R. A. S. (N. S.) vol. vi. p. 312). ### [v1.c6.s1.118](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.118) (3) Rāmāyaṇa (Cock): II. 51, 23: ārāmodyāna-saṁpannāṁ...........rājadhānīm । VII. 70, 13: ārāmaiś cha vihāraiś cha śobhamānam(-naiḥ) samantataḥ । Śobhitām . . . . . purīm ॥ ### [v1.c6.s1.119](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.119) (4 Mahābhārata (\*ibid\*), xii, 69, 11 etc. : Vihāreshu . . . . . ārāmeshu tathodyāne । ### [v1.c6.s1.120](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.120) (5) Garden: Kashṭe kāle kalāvapy-abhibhavati jagat kūpa-vāpi-taḍāgair āsannārāma-sattraiḥ sura-sadana-maṭhairm-maṇḍitāyām amushyām .... nagaryām । (Dewal Praśasti of Lalla the Chhinda, verse 20, Ep. Ind. vol. I. pp. 79, 83). ### [v1.c6.s1.121](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.121) (6) Pleasure-gardens, houses, orchards : Ārāmāny-atanot sarān sarobhiś śobhitāṁtaraiḥ । Utphulla-kaṁja-kiṁjalka-puṁja-piṁjaritāntaraiḥ ॥ (Two pillar inscriptions at Amaravati, no. A., Inscrip. of Keta II. verse 42, Ep. Ind. vi. p. 152). ### [v1.c6.s1.122](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.122) (7) Satra-prapā-praśraya-vṛishotsargga-vāpi-kūpa-taḍāgārāma-devālayādi-karaṇopakaraṇārthaṁ cha । (Cambay Plates of Govinda IV, line 58, Ep. Ind. vol. VII. pp. 41, 46,). ### [v1.c6.s1.123](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.123) (8) Kṛishṇayaśasa ārāma—\*garden\* (Sir E. C. Bayley, Dr. Vogel); \*vihāra\* or \*monastery\*, (Sir A. Cunningham) of Krishnayaśa. (Rock Inscriptions in the Kangra valley, the Kanhiara inscrip. Ep. Ind. vol. VII. pp. 117—118). ### [v1.c6.s1.124](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.124) (9) Grove (Dr. Lüders) : ### [v1.c6.s1.125](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.125) Yamoḍa-pushkaraṇinaṁ paśchimā pushkaraṇi udapāno \*ārāmo\* stambho . . . . . śilā paṭṭo cha— " a tank, the western tank of these twin tanks, a reservoir, a \*grove\*, a pillar and this stone slab " (was caused to be made). \> (Three early Brahmi inscriptions, iii, Mathura stone inscrip. of the time of Soṇḍāsa, lines 2—3, Ep. Ind. vol. ix, p. 247). ### [v1.c6.s1.126](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.126) (10) Nānā-deśa-prabhava-suphala-vrāta-bhārāti-namra-vṛiksha-śreṇi-niyama-khachitaḥ śāla-saṁgupta-madhyaḥ । ### [v1.c6.s1.127](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.127) Ārāmo'yaṁ surabhi-sumanorāji-samarājamānaḥ nānā-vīrullali-tasaraṇiḥ pūrṇa-kāmaḥ sadāstām ॥ \> (Inscriptions from Nepal, no. 23, Inscrip. of Queen Lalita-tripura-sundarī, v. 2. second series, Ind. Ant. ix. p. 194). ### [v1.c6.s1.128](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.128) ĀRSHA—Beloging or relating to the ascetics. ### [v1.c6.s1.129](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.129) A kind of phallus (Kāmikāgama, l. 35, 37, see under \*Liṅga\* ; M. lii. 232, see under \*Liṅga\*). ### [v1.c6.s1.130](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.130) ĀLAMBANA—The base. ### [v1.c6.s1.131](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.131) Sarveshāṁ mukha-bhadrāṇāṁ syāt lakshaṇaṁ vakshyate' dhunā । Śikharālambanaṁ chādau tat pālikāvasānakam । \> (M. xviii. 275—276 etc.). ### [v1.c6.s1.132](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.132) ĀLAYA—A temple, a house. ### [v1.c6.s1.133](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.133) Rāmeśvarāya ghanamaṇṭapa-vapra-saudhāramālayam samatanot samatārasajñaḥ—he erected a temple (ālaya), adorned with a solid hall (maṇṭapa), a wall (vapra), and a plastered mansion (saudha) to Rāmeśvara. \> (Mangalagiri pillar inscrip. v. 39, Ep. Ind. vol. vi. pp. 123, 114). ### [v1.c6.s1.134](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.134) ĀLIṄGA—(cf. Antarita)—A moulding like the fillet, but with greater projection. ### [v1.c6.s1.135](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.135) The 9th moulding from the top of the entablature (Kāmikāgama, liv. 2, see under \*Prāsāda\*). A crowning moulding of the pedestal and the base (e.g., M. xiii, 126 ; xiv. 50, etc. see the lists of mouldings under \*Adhishṭhāna\* and \*Upapīṭha\*). ### [v1.c6.s1.136](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.136) A simliar moulding of a throne : Āliṅgāntaritaṁ chordhve prativājanam uchyate । (M. XLV. 110). ### [v1.c6.s1.137](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.137) ĀVĀSA—A residence, a dwelling-house. ### [v1.c6.s1.138](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.138) Āvāsa-vāsa-veśmādau pure grāme vaṇik-pathe ॥ Prāsādārāma-durgeshu devālaya-maṭheshu cha। (Garuḍa-Purāṇa, chap. 46, v. 2, 3). Nirjagāma nṛipāvāsān manya-mānaḥ priyaṁ mahat । (Rāmāyaṇa, II, 15—28). ### [v1.c6.s1.139](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.139) ĀVRITA—(see Prākāra)—An enclosure. ### [v1.c6.s1.140](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.140) Śikhare chāvṛite pāre sabhā-maṇḍapa-gopure . . . . . mānayet । (M. XVIII. 200 f). ### [v1.c6.s1.141](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.141) ĀVṚITA-MAṆḌAPA—An open pavilion surrounding a building. ### [v1.c6.s1.142](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.142) (1) Kāmikāgama, XXXV: \> Evaṁbhutasya vāsasya samantān maṇḍapaṁ nayet ॥ 97 \> Pañcha-bhāgāvasānāntaṁ kuryād āvṛita-maṇḍapam ॥ 98 \> Hasta-mānena vā kuryāt tri-hastād arddha-vṛiddhitaḥ । \> Pañcha-daśa-karāntaṁ tu kuryād āvṛita-maṇḍapam ॥ 99 \> Maṇḍapena vinā vāpi tena mānena pīṭhikā ॥ 100 (2) Suprabhedāgama, XXXI. 137: \> Prākāra-bhittim āśritya kuryād āvṛita-maṇḍapam ॥ ### [v1.c6.s1.143](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.143) ĀŚRAMA—(see under Shoḍaśa-mandira-chakra)—A temple, a hermitage, a dwelling. A religious establishment comprising the main temple, its attached tank, kitchen, alms-house, guest-house, store-house, cow sheds, halls, dressing-houses for the deity, bed rooms and other houses and flower gardens, orchards and the surrounding walls. ### [v1.c6.s1.144](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.144) Surebhyaḥ purataḥ kāryo yasyāgneyyāṁ mahānasam । Vā(? ka)pi-nirgamane yena pūrvvataḥ sat(t)ra-maṇḍapam ॥ Gandha-pushpa-gṛihaṁ kāryyam aiśānyāṁ paṭṭa-saṁyutam । Bhāṇḍāgāraṁ cha kauberyyāṁ goshṭhāgāraṁ cha vāyave ॥ Udagāśrayaṁ cha vāruṇyāṁ vātāyana-samanvitam । Samit-kuśendhana-sthānam āyudhānāṁ cha nairṛite ॥ Abhyāgatālayaṁ ramya-saśayyāsana-pādukam । Toyāgni-dīpa-sad-bhṛityair yuktaṁ dakshiṇato bhavet ॥ ### [v1.c6.s1.145](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.145) Gṛihāntarāṇi sarvāṇi sajalaiḥ kadalī-gṛihaiḥ । Pañcha-varṇaiś cha kusumaiḥ śobhitāni prakalpayet ॥ Prākāraṁ tad-bahir dadyāt pañcha-hasta-pramāṇataḥ । Evaṁ vishṇvāsramaṁ kuryyād vanaiś chopavanair yutam ॥ (Garuḍa-Purāṇa, chapter 46, v. 14-19). ### [v1.c6.s1.146](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.146) ĀŚRAMĀGĀRA—A class of the seven storeyed buildings. (M. xxv. 29, see under \*Prāsāda\*). ### [v1.c6.s1.147](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.147) ĀSANA—A seat, a throne, a bed-stead, a moulding, a ground-plan, a temple, a type of dwellings, a class of buildings, a sitting posture. ### [v1.c6.s1.148](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.148) (1) \*Mānasāra\* : ### [v1.c6.s1.149](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.149) A class of the three storeyed buildings (M. xxx. 12—31, see under \*Prāsāda\*). ### [v1.c6.s1.150](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.150) A class of buildings in which the breadth is the standard of measurement; the temples in which the idol is in the sitting posture (M. xix. 7—11, see under ‘\*Apasaṁchita\*’). ### [v1.c6.s1.151](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.151) A synonym of śayana or bed-stead (M. III. 10—12, see under \*Śayana\*). ### [v1.c6.s1.152](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.152) A ground-plan the area of which is divibed into 100 equal squares : ### [v1.c6.s1.153](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.153) Daśamaṁ śata-padaṁ syān nāmanam(nāmnā) āsanam īritam । (M. VIII. 11, see details under \*Padavinyāsa\*). ### [v1.c6.s1.154](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.154) A moulding of the base (M. xiv. 296, see under \*Adhishṭhāna\*). ### [v1.c6.s1.155](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.155) The seat underneath the base of a pillar : ### [v1.c6.s1.156](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.156) Tan (pillar’s)-mūle chāsanaṁ kuryāt pādukaṁ vā sahāmbujam । (M. xv. 31). ### [v1.c6.s1.157](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.157) A seat as opposed to a bed-stead : ### [v1.c6.s1.158](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.158) Evaṁ tu śayanādīnām āsananāṁ cha dārubhiḥ(rūṇi) । (M. XLIV. 74). ### [v1.c6.s1.159](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.159) A throne : ### [v1.c6.s1.160](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.160) Devānāṁ bhū-patīnāṁ cha bhūshaṇārthaṁ tu toraṇam । Āsanopari vinyasya sarveshāṁ toraṇam । (M. XLVI. 1, 3). . . . . . toraṇam । Devānāṁ bhū-patīnāṁ cha sthānakasyāsanasya cha । ### [v1.c6.s1.161](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.161) Devānāṁbhū-patīnāṁ cha sthānakāsana-yogyakam l Mukta-prapāṅga-mānaṁ cha lakshaṇaṁ vakshyate'dhunā l (M. xlvii. 1—2). Devānāṁ chakravartyādi-bhū-pālānāṁ cha yogyakam l Kalpa-vṛikshādīnāṁ tāraṁ mānaṁ lakshaṇaṁ uchyate l Toraṇodaya-pādaṁ tu pādārdhādhikodayam l Evaṁ vṛikshasya tuṅgasya āsanasyopari nyaset l Āsanāyāma-madhye tu toraṇasyopari nyaset l (M. xlviii, 1—5). ### [v1.c6.s1.162](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.162) The sitting posture (of the Garuḍa image) : Sthānakaṁ chāsanaṁ chaiva gamanaṁ cha yathāvidhi l (M. lxi. 19). ### [v1.c6.s1.163](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.163) Evaṁ proktaṁ siṁha-rūpaṁ . . . . . l Śayanaṁ vā sthānakaṁ chāsanaṁ vā . . . . . l (M. lxiii. 44, 49). ### [v1.c6.s1.164](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.164) The sitting posture in connection with the plumb-lines : Sarveshāṁ deva-devīnāṁ ṛiju-sthānakaṁ chāsane l Māna-sūtra-vidhiṁ samyak(g) lakshaṇaṁ vakshyate'dhunā l (M. lxvii. 1—2). ### [v1.c6.s1.165](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.165) (2) Rāmāyaṇa (Cock) : V. 15. 4 : Bahvāsana-kuthopetām . . . . . (aśoka-vanikām) l VII. 42. 16 f : Bahvāsana-gṛihopetām........... aśoka vanikām l praviśya Raghu-nandanaḥ l Āsane cha śubhākāre pushpa-prākāra-bhūshite ॥ Kuśāstaraṇa-saṁstīrṇe Rāmaḥ saṁnisasāda ha l ### [v1.c6.s1.166](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.166) (3) Kātyāyana-Śrauta-sūtra (Pet. Dict.) Sabhāsana (4, 15, 33) ; Śālāsana (7, 5, 8) ; Brahma-yajamānayor āsane (1, 8, 27 ; 7, 4, 32 ; 9, 9, 12, 4, 15 etc). ### [v1.c6.s1.167](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.167) (4) Manu-saṁhitā (ibid) : Sahāsana (8,281) ; Sahakhaṭvāsana (8,357) ; Rahaḥ sthānāsanam (6,59) ; āsaneshūpaklpiteshu (3,208; and Kumāra-sambhava 7,12) ; Saṁprāptāya tvathithaye pradadyād āsanodake (3,99) ; dadyāch chaivāsanaṁ svakam (4,154) ; cf : ### [v1.c6.s1.168](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.168) Rājño māhātmike sthāne sadyaḥ śauchaṁ vidhīyate । Prajānāṁ parirakshārthaṁ āsanaṁ chānna-kāraṇam ॥ (5,94) Amātya-mukham . . . . . । Sthāpayed āsane tasmin iva naḥ kārye kshaṇe nṛiṇām ॥ (7,141) ### [v1.c6.s1.169](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.169) (5) Bhagavadgītā (ibid.), 6,11 : ### [v1.c6.s1.170](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.170) Śuchau deśe pratishṭhāpya sthiram āsanam ātmanaḥ । ### [v1.c6.s1.171](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.171) (6) Nalopākhyāna (ibid) 5,4 : ### [v1.c6.s1.172](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.172) Āsaneshu vividheshvāsīnaḥ । ### [v1.c6.s1.173](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.173) (7) Ragu-vaṁśa (ed. Cal. Bibl. 134), 2, 6 : ### [v1.c6.s1.174](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.174) Śayyāsane'dhyācharite preyasā । Compare : padmāsana, bhadrāsana, vajrāsana, vīrāsana, and svastikāsana (see M. W. Dict. loc. cit). ### [v1.c6.s1.175](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.175) (8) Bahu-hathika-āsana bhagavato Mahādevasa—" The seat of the blessed Mahādeva (under the banyan tree) Bahuhastika (where many elephants are worshipping)." ### [v1.c6.s1.176](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.176) (Bharaut Inscriptions, no. 160, Ind. Ant. XXI. p. 239). ### [v1.c6.s1.177](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.177) ĀSTHĀṆA-MAṆḌAPA--(see under ' Maṇḍapa ')—An assembly hall. ### [v1.c6.s1.178](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.178) (1) Āsthāna-maṇḍapaṁ chaiva chatur-dikshu vidikshu cha । ### [v1.c6.s1.179](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.179) (M. XXXII. 73). ### [v1.c6.s1.180](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.180) Samāśraṁ vātha vedāśraṁ kuryād āsthāna-maṇḍapam । (M. XXXIV. 208). ### [v1.c6.s1.181](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.181) Āsthāna-maṇḍapaṁ kuryāt pushkariṇyāṁ cha vāyave । (M. XL. 118). ### [v1.c6.s1.182](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.182) (2) Ṛiksha-bhallāṭa-someshu bhaved āsthāna-maṇḍapam । ### [v1.c6.s1.183](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.183) (Kāmikāgama, XXXV. 191). ### [v1.c6.s1.184](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.184) (3) See first Drākshārāma pillar Inscrip. 1, 9, Ep. Ind. vol. IV, pp. 329, 330, under ' Maṇḍapa.' ### [v1.c6.s1.185](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.185) (4) A hall (Vanapalli Plates of Anna-Vema, verse 10, Ep. Ind. vol. III. pp. 61, 59). ### [v1.c6.s1.186](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.186) Cf. Āsthāna-śilā-maṇḍḍapa (First Drākshārāma pillar Inscrip. line 9, Ep. Ind. vol. IV, pp. 329, 330). ### [v1.c6.s1.187](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.187) (5) cf. "The curious long series of subterranean chambers to the west of Chitaldoorg, now forming part of the Ankli maṭha, are ### [v1.c6.s1.188](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1.188) deserving of notice. They are approached by a good stone stair case, which leads down to rooms of various sizes at different levels. In these are shrines, liṅgas, baths, and pedestals, the latter apparently for yogāsana." (Ep. Carnat., vol. XI, Introduct. p. 31-32). ## Linked texts (34) - [Mānasāra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.silpa.dravida.manasara.3.9) — Sanskrit - [Vālmīkirāmāyaṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.ramayana.valmiki.5.3.18) — Vālmīki, Sanskrit - [Mahābhārata](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.mahabharata.vyasa.1.134.11) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Agnipurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.agni.43.9) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Mānava Dharmaśāstra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.niti.dharma.manu.3.99) — Manu & Bhṛgu, Sanskrit - [Kātyāyanaśrautasūtra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.vedanga.kalpa.srauta.katyayana.1.8.27) — Kātyāyana (Vājasaneyi sūtrakāra), Sanskrit - [Suprabhedāgama](https://indike.org/pramana/in.sampradaya.saiva.agama.siva.suprabheda.34.3) — Sanskrit - [Bṛhatsaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.astro.samhita.rsi.brhatsamhita.55.1) — Varāhamihira, Sanskrit - [Taittirīyasaṃhitā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.samhita.krsnayajur*taittiriya.2.2.6.1) — Sanskrit - [Chāndogyopaniṣad](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.upanisad.mukhya.chandogya.6.8.2) — Sanskrit - [Raghuvaṃśa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.kavya.mahakavya.rama.raghuvamsa.2.6) — Kālidāsa, Sanskrit - [Bhagavadgītā](https://indike.org/pramana/in.darsana.all.gita.6.11) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Śatapathabrāhmaṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.veda.brahmana.satapatha.4.4.5.3) — Yājñavalkya & Śāṇḍilya (Vedic teacher), Sanskrit - [Nāradapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.narada) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Kāmikāgama](https://indike.org/pramana/in.sampradaya.saiva.agama.siva.kamika) — Sanskrit - [Rājataraṅgiṇī](https://indike.org/pramana/in.lit.historical.kashmir.rajatarangini) — Kalhaṇa, Sanskrit - [Garuḍapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.garuda) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Liṅgapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.linga) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Matsyapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.matsya) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Mahānirvāṇatantra](https://indike.org/pramana/in.sampradaya.general.sakta.mahanirvana) — Sanskrit - [Kāraṇāgama](https://indike.org/pramana/in.sampradaya.saiva.agama.siva.karana) — Sanskrit - [Bhaviṣyapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.bhavisya) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Tibetan translation ('Chi med mdzod)](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.kosa.paryaya.amarakosa*bo) — Classical Tibetan - [Cipḷūṇ plates of Pulakeśin II](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.epigraphy.deccan.badami-calukya.ciplun-plates-of-pulakesin-ii) — Sanskrit - [Kanhiara Inscription](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.epigraphy.north.kharosthi.cki168) — Gāndhārī - [Epigraphia Indica](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.epigraphy.corpora.ei) - [Indian Antiquary](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.epigraphy.corpora.ia) - [Epigraphia Carnatica](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.epigraphy.corpora.ec) - [Skandapurāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/in.purana.skanda) — Vyāsa, Sanskrit - [Abhidhānacintāmaṇi](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.kosa.paryaya.abhidhanacintamani) — Hemacandra, Sanskrit - [First Drākshārāma Pillar Inscription of the time of Kāṭaya-Vēma, Śaka 1336](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.epigraphy.deccan.reddi.first-draksharama-pillar-inscription-of-the-time-of-kataya) — Sanskrit - [Mount Abu inscription (No. V)](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.epigraphy.west.mount-abu.mount-abu-inscription-no-v) — Sanskrit - [Amarāvatī inscription (No. 22)](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.epigraphy.deccan.amaravati.amaravati-inscription-no-22) — Prakrit - [Mathurā inscription (No. 60)](https://indike.org/pramana/inp.epigraphy.north.mathura.mathura-inscription-no-60) — Prakrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.acharya-1927.v1.c6.s1) · Pramāṇa