Manasara Series (I. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture; II. Indian Architecture according to Manasara-Shilpashastra; III. Manasara on Architecture and Sculpture: Sanskrit Text; IV. Architecture of Manasara: Translation; V. Architecture of Manasara: Illustrations; VI. Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad; VII. An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture) v3.c27.s1: Chapter I

Mānasāra Series (I. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture; II. Indian Architecture according to Mānasāra-Śilpaśāstra; III. Mānasāra on Architecture and Sculpture: Sanskrit Text; IV. Architecture of Mānasāra: Translation; V. Architecture of Mānasāra: Illustrations; VI. Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad; VII. An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture) v3.c27.s1

Language: English

Chapter I

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1\. (1) Both I. and D. read लक्षण; the correct reading रक्षण is taken from J.

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(2) The more grammatical form लयान् is adopted from A; all other manuscripts read the singular form.

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(3) A. पारि, B. रादि for वारि, and D. भावारिखन्धि for भुवारिवन्हि।

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2\. (1) B. D. सुरेश्वर, A. स्वरेश्वर for सुरेश्वर।

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(2) D. मुङ्गार for मुङ्गाव। (3) A. लोल, B. पिताम for लोड।

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3\. (1) B. D. गङ्गाधरं दृहिणकं जह्नवेक्षणद्र।

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(2) D. निर्वाणसारदमुकं। (3) J. विविल्लैट्ट for ग्रखिल्लैट्टः।

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4\. (1) A. यस्यपि, F. यस्वपि। (2) B. D. वस्तुंरं for वास्तुशास्त्रं।

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(3) B. D. ऋषिपगणानपि वक्ष्यते।

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(4) All other Mss. except I. read चिह (for चेह) in place of हि, but the meaning of च(=and) is already expressed by अपि preceding it.

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As *sandhi* is compulsory in compounds, the more grammatical form would be मानसारार्धणा।

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The second portion of the verse 2 (line 4) presents many difficulties as regards the sense of the comparative use of समस्त and the meanings of the two अपि, if any meanings were intended to be conveyed by these words. समस्त means 'whole', 'complete', 'perfect', and its use in the comparative degree is generally superfluous. But if the first अपि is taken to mean ‘although’, and the second अपि ‘yet’, the purport may be ‘although it was more than complete yet it was noticed....’; we would, however, prefer to construe the verse thus—मुनीन्द्रैर्यद्वास्तुशास्त्रं (चादौ) प्रोक्तं तद् (वास्तुशास्त्रं) मानसारर्षिणा समस्ततरवस्तु (कृत्वा) लक्ष्यते स्म ।

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In this construction the second अपि, like the following particle हि, must, of course, be taken to have been used in वाक्यालङ्कार, having no special signification; but the first अपि may mean ‘even’ (making it ‘even’ more than complete, *i.e.*, perfect in every possible way).

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5. (1) D. चादन ।

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(2) All Mss. read शिल्पं; the emendation is suggested by the name and contents of chapter II.

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6. (1) I. J. F. प्रकाराणां; the correct reading is suggested by the name given to chapter III in the colophon.

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(2) The form विधिं, being connected with प्रोक्तं in the passive voice, is grammatically untenable; but this mistake is deliberately repeated several times in this chapter; the emendation विधि: is, therefore, not made. The form प्रोक्तं in all other places also in this chapter must be taken as सामान्ये नपुंसकम् ।

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10. I. रूप for लम्ब, suggested by all other Mss.

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13. (1) B. D. प्रस्तार ।

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(2) The barbarous form कर्मेस्य for कर्मण: is apparently due to the analogy of प्रस्तरस्य. This is intentionally left unemended in order to illustrate the ungrammatical style of the Mānasāra, which is elaborately discussed elsewhere, (*Indian Architecture* by the writer, pp. 199—214).

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27. The uniformity would require the form तोरणस्य ।

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29. The discrepancy between the plural form ब्रह्मादीनां and the singular form त्रिमूर्त्ते: should be noticed. J. reads त्रिमूर्ति: ।

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31. (1) I. जनि काकौ; the emendation जैनिकानां is suggested by the name given in the colophon and opening line of the chapter in question, numbered LV; it is also necessary to make the line symmetrical as well as intelligible, for the word जैनिकाक is meaningless.

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(2) I. मौलि; the emended form मुनि is suggested by other Mss. as well as the name and contents of the chapter numbered LVII.

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32. I. J. भित्ति; A. F. पक्ष। The emendation भक्त is suggested by the name and contents of the chapter numbered LIX. The mistake of the manuscripts A. F. is inexplicable, but that of I. J. may be due to carelessness of the copyist. The scripts may, of course, suggest an explanation in both cases.

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33. The expression तत्तद्वाहन implies the titles of four chapters (LX, LXI, LXII, LXIII), namely, हंसलक्षणम्, गरुडलक्षणम्, वृषfractionलक्षणम्, and सिंहलक्षणम्।

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34—37. These four lines are based on a hopelessly corrupt manuscript and suggested by the names and contents of the chapters numbered LXIV, LXV, LXVI, LXVII, LXVIII, LXIX. These lines are given within square brackets to indicate that they are not found in the principal manuscripts of the text. No explanation of the loss of these lines in all other Mss. is available, except the possible carelessness of the copyists.