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Manasara Series (I. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture; II. Indian Architecture according to Manasara-Shilpashastra; III. Manasara on Architecture and Sculpture: Sanskrit Text; IV. Architecture of Manasara: Translation; V. Architecture of Manasara: Illustrations; VI. Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad; VII. An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture) v5.c33.s2: Chapter XIII: Pedestals of Columns of Three Classes Comprising Twelve Types and Profiles of Mouldings of Some Fifty Varieties

Mānasāra Series (I. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture; II. Indian Architecture according to Mānasāra-Śilpaśāstra; III. Mānasāra on Architecture and Sculpture: Sanskrit Text; IV. Architecture of Mānasāra: Translation; V. Architecture of Mānasāra: Illustrations; VI. Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad; VII. An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture) v5.c33.s2

Language
English

Chapter XIII: Pedestals of Columns of Three Classes Comprising Twelve Types and Profiles of Mouldings of Some Fifty Varieties

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| Plate no. | Figure | Description |
| | | MOULDINGS |
| XXVII | Fig. 1 | Vājana. |
| | | Prativājana. |
| | | Ratna-paṭṭa. |
| | | Nimna. |
| | | Splay. |
| | | Vajra-paṭṭa. |
| | | Subsidiary mouldings based on Vājana types |
| | | Classic fillets |
| | Fig. 2 | Padma, cyma recta and cyma reversa. |
| | Fig. 3 | Karṇa or cavetto. |
| | Fig. 4 | Kumuda or torus. |
| | Fig. 5 | Antarita or scotia. |
| | Fig. 6 | Gopāna or ovolo. |
| | Fig. 7 | Prati and Pratimukha. |
| | Fig. 8 | Kapota or bird's beak. |
| | Fig. 9 | Kumbha and Dhārā-kumbha. |

v5.c33.s2.3

*Not illustrated separately but employed*

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| First type | Abja, Ambuja, or Saroruha—cyma. |
| Second type | Antara, Antarāla or Antarika—fillet. |
| Third type | Aṅghri—a pillar-like moulding. |
| Fourth type | Aṁśu—a moulding between cyma and corona |
| Fifth type | Argala—a bolt-like moulding. |
| Sixth type | Ādhāra—a flat moulding used as a support. |

v5.c33.s2.5

| Plate no. | Figure | Description |
| | Seventh type | Āliṅga—a fillet with greater projection. |
| | Eighth type | Āsana—a seat-like moulding. |
| | Ninth type | Bhadra—a portico-like moulding. |
| | Tenth type | Bodhikā—a corbel-like moulding. |
| | Eleventh type | Dala—a petal-like moulding. |
| | Twelfth type | Gala, Grīvā, Kaṇṭha or Kandhara—dado. |
| | Thirteenth type | Ghaṭa—a pot-like moulding. |
| | Fourteenth type | Gopānaka—ovolo or corona. |
| | Fifteenth type | Hāra—a bead-like moulding. |
| | Sixteenth type | Janman—a plinth-like moulding. |
| | Seventeenth type | Kampa or Kampana—fillet. |
| | Eighteenth type | Kumuda—torus or astragal. |
| | Nineteenth type | Kendra—a point-like moulding. |
| | Twentieth type | Kshepaṇa—a projecting fillet. |
| | Twenty-first type | Mushṭi-bandha—a fist-like moulding. |
| | Twenty-second type | Mūla—a root-like moulding. |
| | Twenty-third type | Mṛiṇāla or Mṛiṇālikā—a stalk-like moulding. |
| | Twenty-fourth type | Nāṭaka—a theatre-like moulding. |
| | Twenty-fifth type | Nāsī, Nāsī or Nāsikā—a vestibule-like moulding. |
| | Twenty-sixth type | Paṭṭa or Paṭṭikā—fillet. |
| | Twenty-seventh type | Pratika—a crescent moulding. |
| | Twenty-eighth type | Prati-vaktra—a face-like moulding. |
| | Twenty-ninth type | Prati-vājana—a concave moulding like the cavetto. |
| | Thirtieth type | Prati-bandha—a band-like moulding. |
| | Thirty-first type | Pratima—an image-like moulding of the base |
| | Thirty-second type | Pāduka—a foot-like moulding. |
| | Thirty-third type | Prastara—corona. |
| | Thirty-fourth type | Phalakā—abacus. |
| | Thirty-fifth type | Ratna-kampa—a jewel-fillet. |
| | Thirty-sixth type | Ratna-vapra—a jewel-cavetto. |
| | Thirty-seventh type | Tāṭikā—tenia. |
| | Thirty-eighth type | Tuṅga—a vault-like moulding. |
| | Thirty-ninth type | Uttara—a corona or upper fillet. |
| | Fortieth type | Upāna—a rectangular plinth-like moulding. |
| | Forty-first type | Vapra or vapraka—cavetto. |
| | Forty-second type | Valabha or valabhī—a thatch-like moulding |

v5.c33.s2.6

| Plate no. | Figure | Description | |
| | | *Compound moulding* | |
| | Forty-third type | Kampa-karṇa—a fillet-ear. | |
| | Forty-fourth type | Karṇa-padma—an ear-cyma. | |
| | Forty-fifth type | Khudra-kampa—a small fillet. | |
| | Forty-sixth type | Kshudra-padma or Kshudrāmbuja—a small cyma. | |
| | Forty-seventh type | Mahāmbuja—a large cyma. | |
| | Forty-eighth type | Padma-kampa—a cyma-fillet. | |
| | Forty-ninth type | Ratna-kampa—a jewel-fillet. | |
| | Fiftieth type | Ratna-paṭṭa—a jewel-fillet. | |
| | Fifty-first type | Vajra-paṭṭa—a club-fillet. | |
| | | ᴘᴇᴅᴇꜱᴛᴀʟꜱ | |
| XXVIII | First type | Vedībhadra class of Pedestals, | of 24 parts. |
| | Second type | Ditto | of 12 parts. |
| | Third type | Ditto | of 18 parts. |
| | Fourth type | Ditto | of 12 parts. |
| XIX | First type | Pratibhadra class of Pedestals, | of 26 parts. |
| | Second type | Ditto | of 32 parts. |
| | Third type | Ditto | of 33 parts. |
| | Fourth type | Ditto | of 36 parts. |
| XXX | First type | Mañchabhadra class of Pedestals, | of 30 parts. |
| | Second type | Ditto | of 31 parts. |
| | Third type | Ditto | of 33 parts. |
| | Fourth type | Ditto | of 34 parts. |

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BASES OF COLUMNS OF EIGHTEEN CLASSES COMPRISING SIXTY-FOUR TYPES

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| Plate no. | Figure | Description | |
| XXXI | First type | Pāda-bandha class, | of 24 parts. |
| | Second type | Ditto | of 29 parts. |
| | Third type | Ditto | of 27 parts. |
| | Fourth type | Ditto | of 28 parts. |
| XXXII | First type | Uraga-bandha class, | of 18 parts. |
| | Second type | Ditto | of 20 parts. |
| | Third type | Ditto | of 22 parts. |
| | Fourth type | Ditto | of 24 parts. |

v5.c33.s2.9

| Plate no. | Figure | Description | |
| XXXIII | First type | Pratikrama class, | of 21 parts. |
| | Second type | Ditto | of 22 parts. |
| | Third type | Ditto | of 23 parts. |
| | Fourth type | Ditto | of 24 parts. |
| XXXIV | First type | Kumuda-bandha class, | of 27 parts. |
| | Second type | Ditto | of 27 parts. |
| | Third type | Ditto | of 29 parts. |
| | Fourth type | Ditto | of 29 parts. |
| XXXV | Fifth class | Vapra-bandha base, | of 31 parts. |
| | First type | Puspa-pushkala class, | of 32 parts. |
| | Second type | Ditto | of 32 parts. |
| | Third type | Ditto | of 32 parts. |
| | Fourth type | Ditto | of 32 parts. |
| XXXVI | Seventh class | Vapra-bandha base, | of 19 parts. |
| | First type | Śrībhoga class, | of 25 parts. |
| | Second type | Ditto | of 27 parts. |
| XXXVII | First type | Śrībandha class, | of 28 parts. |
| | Second type | Ditto | of 28 parts. |
| | Third type | Ditto | of 28 parts. |
| | Fourth type | Ditto | of 26 parts. |
| XXXVIII | First type | Mañcha-bandha class, | of 26 parts. |
| | Second type | Ditto | of 26 parts. |
| | Third type | Ditto | of 26 parts. |
| | Fourth type | Ditto | of 26 parts. |
| XXXIX | First type | Śreṇi-bandha class, | of 18 parts. |
| | Second type | Ditto | of 22 parts. |
| | Third type | Ditto | of 23 parts. |
| | Fourth type | Ditto | of 24 parts. |
| XL | First type | Padma-bandha class, | of 20 parts. |
| | Second type | Ditto | of 22 parts. |
| | Third type | Ditto | of 22 parts. |
| | Fourth type | Ditto | of 19 parts. |
| XLI | First type | Kumbha-bandha class, | of 22 parts. |
| | Second type | Ditto | of 21 parts. |
| | Third type | Ditto | of 24 parts. |
| | Fourth type | Ditto | of 24 parts. |
| | Fifth type | Ditto | of 25 parts. |

v5.c33.s2.10

| Plate no. | Figure | Description | |
| XLII | Fourteenth class | Ratna-bandha base, | of 26 parts. |
| | Fifteenth class | Paṭṭa-bandha base, | of 20 parts. |
| | Sixteenth class | Śrīkānta base, | of 38 parts. |
| | Seventeenth class | Kampa-bandha base, | of 36 parts. |
| XLIII | First type | Kukshi-bandha class, | of 18 parts. |
| | Second type | Ditto | of 19 parts. |
| | Third type | Ditto | of 27 parts. |
| | Fourth type | Ditto | of 26 parts. |
| | Fifth type | Ditto | of 24 parts. |

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COLUMNS OF FIVE ORDERS OF SEVERAL GROUPS

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| Plate no. | Figure | Description |
| XLIV | First group | Chitra-kaṇṭha class, similar to Roman Doric in proportion ; Whole order of 6 parts comprising : Pedestal 1 part. Base 1 part. Shaft 2 parts. Capital 1 part. Entablature 1 part. Diameter 1/8th height or 1/2 part. |
| | First and third orders | Brahma-kānta of square plan and Rudrakānta of circular or sixteen-sided plan. |
| | Second order | Vishnu-kānta of octagonal plan. |
| | Fifth order | Skanda-kānta of hexagonal plan. |
| | Fourth order | Śiva-kānta of pentagonal plan. |
| XLV | Second group | Padma-kānta class, similar to Ionic order in proportion ; |
| | Third group | Chitra-skambha class, similar to Corinthian order in proportion ; Whole order of 6 parts comprising : Pedestal 1 part. Base 1 part. Shaft 2 parts. Capital 1 part Entablature 1 part Diameter of Padma-kānta 1/9th height. Diameter of Chitra-skambha 1/10th height. |

v5.c33.s2.13

| Plate no. | Figure | Description |
| XLV | First and third orders | Brahma-kānta of square plan and Rudrakānta of circular or sixteen-sided plan. |
| | Second order | Vishṇu-kānta of octagonal plan. |
| | Fifth order | Skanda-kānta of hexagonal plan. |
| | Fourth order | Śiva-kānta of pentagonal plan. |
| | Fifth order | Chitra-skambha of square, circular, sixteen-sided, octagonal, hexagonal, or pentagonal plan. |
| XLVI | Fourth group | Pālikā-stambha class. |
| | | Whole order of 6 parts comprising : |
| | | Pedestal 1 part. |
| | | Base 1 part. |
| | | Shaft 2 parts. |
| | | Capital 1 part. |
| | | Entablature 1 part. |
| | | Diameter 1/(7¼)th height. |
| | First and third orders | Brahma-kānta of square plan and Rudra-kānta of circular or sixteen-sided plan. |
| | Second order | Vishṇu-kānta of octagonal plan. |
| | Fifth order | Skanda-kānta of hexagonal plan. |
| | Fourth order | Śiva-kānta of pentagonal plan. |
| XLVII | Fifth group | Kumbha-stambha class; |
| | Sixth group | Koshṭha-stambha class, similar to Grecian Anta ; |
| | | Whole order of 6 parts comprising : |
| | | Pedestal 1 part. |
| | | Base 1 part. |
| | | Shaft 2 parts. |
| | | Capital 1 part. |
| | | Entablature 1 part. |
| | | Diameter of both 1/(7½)th height. |
| | First and third orders | Brahma-kānta of square plan and Rudra-kānta of circular or sixteen-sided plan. |
| | Second order | Vishṇu-kānta of octagonal plan. |
| | Fifth order | Skanda kānta of hexagonal plan. |
| | Fourth order | Śiva-kānta of pentagonal plan. |
| | Fig. 5 | Koshṭha-stambha pilaster. |

v5.c33.s2.14

| Plate no. | Figure | Description |
| XLVIII | Seventh group | Five other orders from Agamas without pedestal and entablature; |
| | | Whole order of 4 parts comprising: |
| | | Base 1 part. |
| | | Shaft 2 parts. |
| | | Capital 1 part. |
| | | Diameter ⅙th height. |
| | First and fourth orders | Śrīkara of circular plan and Priya-darśana of square plan. |
| | Third order | Saumukhya of octagonal plan. |
| | Second order | Chandra-kānta of sixteen-sided plan. |
| | Fifth order | Śubhaṁkarī of square, octagonal or mixed plan. |
| XLIX | Eighth group | Five other orders from Purāṇas and Bṛihat-saṁhitā; |
| | | Whole order of 10¾ parts comprising: |
| | | Pedestal 1 part. |
| | | Base 1 part. |
| | | Shaft 6 parts. |
| | | Capital 1 part. |
| | | Entablature 1¾ parts. |
| | First and fifth orders | Ruchaka of square plan and Vritta of circular plan. |
| | Second order | Vajra of octagonal plan, similar to Tuscan order in proportion. |
| | Third order | Dvi-vajra of sixteen sided plan. |
| | Fourth order | Pralīnaka of thirty-two-sided plan. |

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ENTABLATURES OF EIGHT TYPES AND ROOFS OF FIVE TYPES

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| Plate no. | Figure | Description |
| L | | ENTABLATURES |
| | First type | of 27 parts. |
| | Second type | of 34½ parts. |
| | Third type | of 36¼ parts. |
| | Fourth type | of 30¼ parts. |
| | Fifth type | of 30⅓ parts. |
| | Sixth type | of 29 parts. |
| | Eighth type | of 34 parts. |

v5.c33.s2.17

| Plate no | Figure | Description |
| | | *Not illustrated* |
| | Seventh type | of 26 parts. |
| | | **Roofs** |
| | First type | Flat roof of quadrangular and other shapes. |
| | Second type | Pent roof of various shapes. |
| | Third type | Spherical roof of various shapes. |
| | Fourth type | Oval roof of various shapes. |
| | Fifth type | Round roof of various shapes. |

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JOINERY OF EIGHTEEN TYPES

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| Plate no. | Figure | Description |
| Ll | First type | Joint between horizontal and vertical pieces on the middle of the latter. |
| | Second type | Nandyāvarta order. |
| | Third type | Sarvatobhadra order. |
| | Fourth type | Svastika order. |
| | Fifth type | Malla-bandha (A) or Nalyed joint. |
| | Sixth type | Malla-bandha (B) or Scarfed joint. |
| | Seventh type | Mahāvṛitta joint of Mesha-yuddha type. |
| | Eighth type | Mesha-yuddha or Mortise and Tenon joint. |
| | Ninth type | Śūkara-ghrāṇa joint. |
| | Tenth type | Joints in frieze. |
| | | *Not illustrated* |
| | Eleventh type | Malla-bandha joint between two pieces of wood looking like two wrestlers wrestling against each other. |
| | Twelfth type | Brahma-rāja joint between three and four pieces of wood having four heads like the four-headed deity Brahmā. |
| | Thirteenth type | Veṇu-parva joint between five pieces of bamboos. |
| | Fourteenth type | Pūga-parva joint between six pieces of wood like areca or betel-nut joints. |

v5.c33.s2.20

| Plate no. | Figure | Description |
| | Fifteenth type | Deva-sandhi joint between seven pieces of wood. |
| | Sixteenth type | Ṛishi-sandhi joint between eight pieces of wood. |
| | Seventeenth type | Ishu-parva joint between nine pieces of wood looking arrow-shaped. |
| | Eighteenth type | Daṇḍika joint between ten or more pieces of wood. |

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GENERAL FEATURES OF EDIFICES

v5.c33.s2.22

*Not illustrated but employed*

v5.c33.s2.23

| Plate no. | Figures | Description |
| | Porches | Several varieties. |
| | Domes | Several varieties. |
| | Dome-nails | Several varieties. |
| | Three main styles | Nāgara, Vesara, Drāvida : depending on the shape of upper portions. |
| | Three groups | Śuddha, Miśra, Saṁkīrṇa : depending on materials. |
| | Four classes | Jāti, Chhanda, Vikalpa, Ābhāsa. : depending on units of measurement. |
| | Three postures | Sthānaka, Asāna, Śayana : depending on postures of images in case of temples. |
| | Three standards | Saṁchita, Asaṁchita, Apasaṁchita : depending on height, breadth, or length as the regulator of the whole structure. |
| | Three sexes | Puṁliṅga or masculine, Strīliṅga or feminine, Napuṁsaka or neuter : depending on equiangular or rectangular shape, but in case of temples on the sexes of the deities in addition to shapes. |
| | Five shapes | Square, octagonal, oval, round, circular. |
| | Three sizes | Large, intermediate, small. |

v5.c33.s2.24

SINGLE STOREY BUILDINGS OF EIGHT TYPES

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| Plate no. | Figure | Description |
| LII | First type | Vaijayantika, of small proportion, used both as temples and dwelling-houses with slight alteration. Elevation towards the breadth. |
| LIII | First type | Typical plan. |
| LIV | Second type | Bhoga, of small proportion, used both as temples and dwelling-houses with slight alteration. Elevation towards the breadth |
| LV | Third type | Śriviśāla, of intermediate proportion, used both as temples and dwelling houses with slight alteration. Elevation towards the breadth. |
| LVI | Eighth type | Kesara, of large proportion, used both as temples and dwelling-houses with slight alteration. Elevation towards the breadth. |
| LVII | Eighth type | Cross-section. |
| | | *Not illustrated* |
| | Fourth type | Svasti-bandha, used both as temples and dwelling-houses. |
| | Fifth type | Śrīkara, used both as temples and dwelling-houses. |
| | Sixth type | Hasti-prishtha, used both as temples and dwelling-houses. |
| | Seventh type | Skanda-tāra, used both as temples and dwelling houses. |

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