Pramāṇa · Search · About · API

Manasara Series (I. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture; II. Indian Architecture according to Manasara-Shilpashastra; III. Manasara on Architecture and Sculpture: Sanskrit Text; IV. Architecture of Manasara: Translation; V. Architecture of Manasara: Illustrations; VI. Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad; VII. An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture) v6.c40.s28: The Aṁśumad-bheda of Kāśyapa

Mānasāra Series (I. A Dictionary of Hindu Architecture; II. Indian Architecture according to Mānasāra-Śilpaśāstra; III. Mānasāra on Architecture and Sculpture: Sanskrit Text; IV. Architecture of Mānasāra: Translation; V. Architecture of Mānasāra: Illustrations; VI. Hindu Architecture in India and Abroad; VII. An Encyclopaedia of Hindu Architecture) v6.c40.s28

Language
English

The Aṁśumad-bheda of Kāśyapa

v6.c40.s28.1

This is another well-known treatise on architecture and about the next largest in size to the *Mānasāra*. There is also a striking similarity of the *Aṁśumad-bheda* with the *Mānasāra* as will be shown by the following list :

v6.c40.s28.2

(1) *Karshaṇa*—ploughing of the selected site, *Mānasāra*, Chapter V.

v6.c40.s28.3

(2) *Prāsāda-vāstu*—classification of buildings, *M.*, III.

v6.c40.s28.4

(3) *Vāstu-homa*—sacrificial offerings to the presiding deity of the site, *M.*, VIII.

v6.c40.s28.5

(4) *Prathameshṭaka-vidhi*—laying the foundations, *M.* XII (last portion).

v6.c40.s28.6

(5) *Upapīṭha-vidhāna*—pedestals, *M.*, XIII.

v6.c40.s28.7

(6) *Adhishṭhāna-vidhi*—bases, *M.*, XIV.

v6.c40.s28.8

(7) *Nāla-lakshaṇa*—canals ; in the *Mānasāra* this subject is referred to in several places, e.g.. Chapter XIX, L, LII, LXVI.

v6.c40.s28.9

(8) *Stambha-lakshaṇa*—columns, *M.*, XV.

v6.c40.s28.10

(9) *Phalakā-lakshaṇa*—planks, *M.*, LXVII.

v6.c40.s28.11

(10) *Vedikā-lakshaṇa*—platforms, railings ; in the *Mānasāra* this is described in many places, Chapter IX, XV, XIX, XXII, etc.

v6.c40.s28.12

(11) *Jālaka-lakshaṇa*—perforated windows, *M.*, XXXIII (concluding portion).

v6.c40.s28.13

(12) *Toraṇa-lakshaṇa*—arches, *M.*, XLVI.

v6.c40.s28.14

(13) *Vṛitta-sphuṭita-lakshaṇa*—in the *Mānasāra* this is not described in a separate chapter.

v6.c40.s28.15

(14) *Stambha-toraṇa-vidhi*—arches upon columns, *M.*, XII.

v6.c40.s28.16

(15) *Kumbha-tāla-lakshaṇa*—capitals of columns ; this also in the *Mānasāra* is referred to in many places, largely in Chapter XV.

v6.c40.s28.17

(16) *Vṛitta-sphuṭita-lakshaṇa*—same as Chapter XIII.

v6.c40.s28.18

(17) *Dvāra-lakshaṇa*—doors, *M.*, XXXVIII, XXXIX.

v6.c40.s28.19

(18) *Kampa-dvāra-lakshaṇa*—a special door, *M.*, XXXVIII, XXXIX.

v6.c40.s28.20

(19) *Prastara-lakshaṇa*—entablatures, *M.*, XVI.

v6.c40.s28.21

(20) *Gala-vidhāna*—necks ; this is also referred to in many chapters in the *Mānasāra*, e.g., Chapter XVIII, XIX–XXX, etc.

v6.c40.s28.22

(21) *Śikhara-lakshaṇa*—tops, finials ; in the *Mānasāra* this also is referred to in many places, e.g., Chapter XVIII, XIX, etc.

v6.c40.s28.23

(22) *Nāsikā*—noses, wings ; in the *Mānasāra* this is described in several places, e.g., Chapter XVI, XVII, XIX, L, etc.

v6.c40.s28.24

(23) *Mānopakaraṇa*—system of measurement, *M.*, II.
(24) *Māna-sūtrādi-lakshaṇa*—measuring strings, *M.*, II.
(25) *Nagarādi-vidhi*—towns, etc., *M.*, X.
(26) *Garbha-nyāsa-vidhi*—foundations, etc., *M.*, XII.
(27) *Eka-tala-vidhāna*—one-storeyed buildings, *M.*, XIX. (28–30) *Dvi-chaturtha-tala-vidhāna*—two- to four-storeyed buildings, *M.*, XX–XXII.
(31) *Kūṭādi-lakshaṇa*—finials; in the *Mānasāra* referred to in many places, e.g., Chapter XV, XIX–XXX, LX, LXX, etc. (32–39) *Pañcha-bhānu-bhūmi-vidhāna*—five- to twelve-storeyed buildings, *M.*, XXIII–XXX.
(40) *Trayodaśa-tala-vidhāna*—thirteen-storeyed buildings, and
(41) *Shoḍaśa-bhūmi-vidhāna*—sixteen-storeyed buildings, subjects of these two chapters (XL, XLI) are dealt with in *M.*, XXXIII.
(42) *Mūrdheshṭaka-vidhi*—the brick at the top; in the *Mānasāra* referred to in many places, e.g., XVIII, etc.
(43) *Prākāra-lakshaṇa*—courts, *M.*, XXXI.
(44) *Maṇṭa(-ḍa)pa-lakshaṇa*—pavilions, *M.*, XXXIV.
(45) *Gopura-lakshaṇa*—gate-houses, *M.*, XXXIII.

v6.c40.s28.25

The remaining portion of this treatise, except the last two chapters on villages, deals with sculpture more elaborately than in the *Mānasāra*. It will be noticed that the purely architectural topics are more exhaustively described in the *Mānasāra*.

v6.c40.s28.26

(46) *Sapta-mātrikā-lakshaṇa*—the seven mothers (female, images), *M.*, LXIV.
(47) *Vināyaka-lakshaṇa*—image of Vināyaka or Gaṇeśa; not specified in the *Mānasāra*, but see Chapters LVII, XLI.
(48) *Parivāra-vidhi*—images of attendant deities, *M.*, XXXII.
(49) *Liṅga-lakshaṇoddhāra*—unearthing the phallus, cf. *M.*, LII.
(50) *Uttama-daśa-tāla-purusha-māna*—the largest type of ten-*tāla* measure as applied to male deities, *M.*, LXV.
(51) *Madhyama-daśa-tāla-purusha-māna*—the intermediate type of the ten-*tāla* measure as applied to male deities, *M.*, LXVI, LXI.
(52) *Uttama-nava-tāla*—the largest type of the nine-*tāla* measure, *M.*, LVII, LXI.
(53) *Madhyama-nava-tāla*—intermediate type of the nine-*tāla* measure, *M.*, LVII, LXI.
(54) *Adhama-nava-tāla*—the smallest type of the nine-*tāla* measure, *M.*, LVII, LXI.

v6.c40.s28.27

(55) *Ashṭa-tāla*—the eight-*tāla* measure, *M.*, LVII.
(56) *Sapta-tāla*—the seven-*tāla* measure, *M.*, LVII.
(57) *Pīṭha-lakshaṇoddhāra*—the altars and pedestal of the phallus, *M.*, LIII.
(58) *Sakala-sthāpana-vidhi*—the installation of the images of Iśvara and three other deities, *M.*, LI.
(59) *Sukhāsana* }—posture of an image, *M.*, LXVII.
(60) *Sukhāsana* }
(61) *Chandra-śekhara-mūrti-lakshaṇa*—the image of Chandra-śekhara (Śiva), *M.*, LI.
(62) *Vṛishabha-vāhana-mūrti-lakshaṇa*—the image of the bull, the riding animal of Śiva, *M.*, LXII.
(63) *Nṛitta-mūrti-lakshaṇa*—the image of dancing (Śiva), *M.*, LI.
(64) *Gaṅgādhara-mūrti-lakshaṇa*—the image of the Ganges bearing Śiva, *M.*, LI.
(65) *Tripura-mūrti-lakshaṇa*—the image of Śiva in the pose of killing Tripura (demon), *M.*, LI.
(66) *Kalyāṇa-sundara-lakshaṇa*—the image of Kalyāṇa-sundara, *M.*, LI.
(67) *Ardha-nārīśvara-lakshaṇa*—the image of Śiva combined with his consort Pārvatī, *M.*, LI.
(68) *Gajaha-mūrti-lakshaṇa*—the image of Śiva as killer of demon Gaja, *M.*, XXIX, XXXII, XXXIX, XLIII, L.
(69) *Pāśupata-mūrti-lakshaṇa*—the image of Pāśupata (Śiva), *M.*, LI.
(70) *Kaṅkāla-mūrti-lakshaṇa*—the image of a skeleton, *M.*, not specified.
(71) *Haryardha-Hara-lakshaṇa*—the combined image of Vishṇu and Śiva, *M.*, LI.
(72) *Bhikshāṭana-mūrti-lakshaṇa*—the image of Śiva in the pose of a beggar, cf. *M.* LII.
(73) *Chaṇḍeśānugraha*, *M.*, not specified.
(74) *Dakshiṇā-mūrti-lakshaṇa*—the image of Śiva, *M.*, LII.
(75) *Kālaha-mūrti-lakshaṇa*—the image of Kālaha (Śiva), *M.*, LII.
(76) *Liṅgodbhava-lakshaṇa*—revelation of the phallus, *M.*, LII.
(77) *Vṛiksha-saṁgrahaṇa*—collection of wood, *M.*, XV.
(78) *Śūla-lakshaṇa*—the pike, *M.*, XVIII.
(79) *Śūla-pāṇi-lakshaṇa*—the image of Śūlapāṇi (Śiva), *M.*, LI.
(80) *Rajju-bandha-lakshaṇa*—binding of rope, *M.*, II, XLIV.

v6.c40.s28.28

(81) *Mṛit-saṁskāra-lakshaṇa*—the process of casting images in earth, *M.*, LXVIII.

v6.c40.s28.29

(82) *Kalka-saṁskāra-lakshaṇa*—preparation of mixtures.

v6.c40.s28.30

(83) *Varṇa-saṁskāra-lakshaṇa*—preparation of colours.

v6.c40.s28.31

(84) *Varṇa-lepana-medhya-lakshaṇa*.

v6.c40.s28.32

The contents of Chapters LXXVIII–LXXXIV are referred to in several places in the *Mānasāra*.

v6.c40.s28.33

(85) *Grāmādi-lakshaṇa* }—villages, *M.*, IX, X.
(86) *Grāma-lakshaṇa*

v6.c40.s28.34

In this treatise, architecture proper is treated in the first forty-five and the last two chapters. These forty-seven chapters are similar in many respects to the first fifty chapters of the *Mānasāra*. The *Aṁśumad-bheda* deals much more elaborately with sculptural objects in thirty-nine chapters in place of some twenty chapters of the *Mānasāra*. But purely architectural topics are more exhaustively described in the *Mānasāra*, which seems in any case to have largely influenced the other work.

Linked texts (2)