[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [A Comparative Study of Some of the Leading Music Systems of the 15th, 16th, 17th & 18th Centuries](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.bhatkhande-comparative) › c5.21 # A Comparative Study of Some of the Leading Music Systems of the 15th, 16th, 17th & 18th Centuries c5.21 A Comparative Study of Some of the Leading Music Systems of the 15th, 16th, 17th & 18th Centuries c5.21 - **Language:** English ### [c5.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.bhatkhande-comparative.c5.21) Translation.—Shuddha 'ri' is the same as Purva gandhara Shuddha gandhara is no other than tivra-tara 'ri'; ati-tivra-tama 'ga' is shuddha maddhyama itself. Shuddha dhaivat is purva nishada. Shuddha nishada and tivra-tara-dhaivata are one and the same. - [Previous: c5.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.bhatkhande-comparative.c5.20) - [Next: c5.22](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.bhatkhande-comparative.c5.22) - [Up: c5](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.bhatkhande-comparative.c5) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.bhatkhande-comparative.c5.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.bhatkhande-comparative.c5.21) · Pramāṇa