[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [A Comparative Study of Some of the Leading Music Systems of the 15th, 16th, 17th & 18th Centuries](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.bhatkhande-comparative) › c8.s2.20 # A Comparative Study of Some of the Leading Music Systems of the 15th, 16th, 17th & 18th Centuries c8.s2.20 A Comparative Study of Some of the Leading Music Systems of the 15th, 16th, 17th & 18th Centuries c8.s2.20 - **Language:** English ### [c8.s2.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.bhatkhande-comparative.c8.s2.20) The distinction between the sruti and the swara is attempted to be explained by quotations from Parijata, Ratnakar, Sringara-har, and Raga Kutuhala. It is not necessary to go into these quotations here. Each of the seven swaras is then described with its picture, presiding deity, "dwipa," in a wealth of detail, of hardly any practical use. The definitions of 'grama', 'murchhana', 'jati', 'varna', 'shuddha tana', 'kuta tana', and 'alankara', are all taken from the Sangeeta Ratnakara and the Parijata. Sharangdeva Pandit in the description of his vikrit swaras has used the term 'chyuta' and with reference to it, Bhava Bhatta says:— - [Previous: c8.s2.19](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.bhatkhande-comparative.c8.s2.19) - [Next: c8.s2.21](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.bhatkhande-comparative.c8.s2.21) - [Up: c8.s2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.bhatkhande-comparative.c8.s2) ## Linked texts (2) - [Saṅgītaratnākara](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.sangita.sangraha.sangitaratnakara) — Śārṅgadeva, Sanskrit - [Saṅgītapārijāta](https://indike.org/pramana/in.art.sangita.sangraha.sangitaparijata) — Ahobilasūri 1600, Sanskrit --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.bhatkhande-comparative.c8.s2.20](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.bhatkhande-comparative.c8.s2.20) · Pramāṇa