Indian Painting under the Mughals, A.D. 1550 to A.D. 1750 c23: Appendix A: List of Painters of the Mughal School together with Their Principal Works

Indian Painting under the Mughals, A.D. 1550 to A.D. 1750 c23

Language: English

Appendix A: List of Painters of the Mughal School together with Their Principal Works

THE following are the names of many of the artists who executed pictures under the Mughal emperors. The list is as complete as possible, but other names will be forthcoming as the works of the school become known. The abbreviations and references are explained as follows. Where the name is followed by the letter (M.), the painter is a Muhammadan. Where no letter in brackets follows the artist is a Hindu. The letters (J.) or (S.J.) signify that the artist worked under Jahangir, or Shah Jahan respectively. Where no reference of this kind is added the artist worked under Akbar. The word *A'in*, following the name, indicates that the artist is in the list given in the *A'in-i-Akbari*, and therefore one of the leading painters at Akbar's court. After some of the artists' names are added the words, *Kalān*, which means the senior or elder; *Khurd*, indicating that the painter is the younger; and also the word *Chela*. The last may be literally translated as slave, servant, or disciple, and means that he was a pupil of the artist whose name is given. The remaining abbreviations refer to the illustrated books or collections in which the artist's work figures. These are as follows:

c23.4

Bank. Tim. *Timūrnāma*, Oriental Public Library, Bankipur, India. B.M. Bab. *Bāburnāma* (Babur's Memoirs, Or. 3714), British Museum, London. B.M. Dārāb. *Dārābnāma* (stories from the *Shāhnāma*, Or. 4615), British Museum, London. Bod. Bah. *Bahāristān* (Elliott, 254), Bodleian Library, Oxford. Cal. Art Section, Indian Museum, Calcutta, India. D.P. Niz. *Nizāmī's Khamsah*, Collection of C. W. Dyson Perrins, Esq., Davenham, Malvern. I.O.L. John. Johnson Collection, India Office Library, Whitehall, London. J. Razm. *Razmnāma*, State Library, Jaipur, Rajputana, India. Ram. State Library, Rampur State, United Provinces, India. S.K. Akb. *Akbarnāma*, Indian Section, Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington, London. S.K. Bab. *Bāburnāma* (I.M., 262, 1913), Indian Section, Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington, London. Wan. Wantage Collection, Indian Section, Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington, London.

c23.5

'Abdullāh; B.M. Bab. 'Abdus Samad, Sayyid; (M.); A'in; B.M. Dārāb.; D.P. Niz.; Bodleian Library, Ouseley Add. 172, fol. 4. Abu'l-Hasan; (M.); referred to in Jahangir's Memoirs, vol. ii, p. 20, as Nādir uz-Zamān; I.O.L. John., vol. lxvii, fol. 7. Abu Samad, Sayyid; (M.); A'in; B.M. Dārāb.; D.P. Niz.; Bodleian Library, Ouseley Add. 172, fol. 4. Ahmad; (M.); Bod. Bah.

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Alam; (M.); Wan. ‘Alī, Ghulām (see Ghulām ‘Alī). ‘Alī, Mīr Sayyid; (M.); A’in; B.M. Or. 2265, fol. 157. ‘Alī, son of Mukhlis; (M.); Bank. Tim. Anant (brother of Miskīn, q.v.); S.K. Akb.; J. Razm.; Bank. Tim. Anūp Chhatar; Bodleian Library, Ouseley Add. 173, fol. 26. Āqā Rizā; (M.); referred to in Jahangir’s Memoirs, vol. ii, p. 20. Āsī; J. Razm.; S.K. Akb.; Bank. Tim.

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Bābū; J. Razm. Bābū Ustād; Bod. Bah. Bālchand; Wan.; Bod. Bah.; B.M. Or. 1362. Bālchand awal; B.M. Or. 1362. Bandī (also Bundī); S.K. Akb.; Bank. Tim. Bānū, Ṣaḥīfah (see Ṣaḥīfah Bānū). Banwālī; Bank. Tim. Banwārī (also Banwālī) Kalān; B.M. Bab.; B.M. Dārāb.; S.K. Akb.; J. Razm.; Bank. Tim. Banwārī (also Banwālī) Khurd; B.M. Bab.; S.K. Akb.; Bank. Tim. Basāwan; A’in; B.M. Dārāb.; J. Razm.; S.K. Akb.; Bod. Bah.; B.M. Or. 1362; B.M. Gren.; Or. 7573; S.K. Bab. (?). Bhagwān; B.M. Dārāb.; B.M. Bab.; S.K. Akb.; J. Razm.; Bank. Tim. Bhagwatī; picture of Humayun in B.M. Or. 18801, fol. 42; also a painting in a Shāhnāma in the B.M. Add. 5600. Bhawānī; B.M. Bab. (good); S.K. Akb. Bhawānī Kalān; Bank. Tim. Bhīm Gujarātī; B.M. Bab.; D.P. Niz.; Bank. Tim. Bhūrah; B.M. Dārāb.; B.M. Bab.; S.K. Akb.; D.P. Niz.; Bank. Tim.; J. Razm. Bishandās; referred to in Jahangir’s Memoirs, vol. ii, pp. 116, 117; S.K. Bab.; Boston Museum; Tagore collection, Calcutta.

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Chatarbhuj (also Chatar); B.M. Dārāb.; S.K. Akb.; J. Razm. Chatarmunī, alias Kalyān Dās, also Chitarman; S.K. Akb.; Bank. Tim.; I.O.L. John., vols. xix and xxiv. Chatesh (?); B.M. Bab. Chatra; Bank. Tim.

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Chatter Chat (?); Bodleian Library, MS. Douce, Or. C. 4. Chitarman (see Chatarmunī).

c23.10

Darkah (?); B.M. Dārāb. Daswanth; A’in; J. Razm.; Bank. Tim. Daulat; Wan.; D.P. Niz.; B.M. Or. 1362. Deo; Bank. Tim. Devajī of Gujarāt; S.K. Bab.; Bank. Tim. Dhannū; B.M. Bab. (good); B.M. Dārāb.; Bank. Tim. Dhanrāj; B.M. Bab. (good). Dharam Dās; B.M. Dārāb.; D.P. Niz.; S.K. Akb.; Bank. Tim. Durgā; S.K. Akb.; S.K. Bab.

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Emad, or Imad; (M.); Bod. Bah.

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Faqīrullāh (see Muhammad Faqīrullāh Khān). Farrukh Beg; (M.); A’in; S.K. Akb.; Wan. (?); collection of M. Vever, Paris. Farrukh Chela; (M.); B.M. Bab.; B.M. Dārāb.; D.P. Niz.; J. Razm.; Bank. Tim. Farrukh Kalān; (M.); Bank. Tim. Farrukh Khurd; (M.); B.M. Dārāb. Fateh Chand; Ram.

c23.13

Ghulām ‘Alī; (M.); J. Razm.; also ‘elephant’ picture, Cal. Ghulām Ikhlās; (M.); Bod. MS. Ouseley Add. 173, fol. 18 (probably Ikhlās, q.v.). Gobind; B.M. Bab. Gobind Shankar; I.O.L. John., vol. xlii. Govardhan; B.M. Bab. (good); B.M. Or. 18801, folios 3, 31. Gujarātī Bhīm (see Bhīm Gujarātī). Gujarātī Kesu (see Kesu Gujarātī). Gujarātī Shankar (see Shankar Gujarātī). Gujarātī Sur (see Sur Gujarātī). Gujarātī Suraj (see Suraj Gujarātī). Gulāb Rai; I.O.L. John., vol. xxiv, fol. 10. Gwaliorī, Nand (see Nand Gwaliorī). Gyān Chand; I.O.L. John., vol. xxii, fol. 5.

c23.14

Haidār Kashmīrī; (M.); Bank. Tim. Harībans; A’in; Bank. Tim.; B.M. Bab. (good); B.M. Dārāb. Hasan (see Mīr Hasan). Hasan, Mīr (see Mīr Hasan). Hāshim (see Mīr Hāshim).

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Hūnhār ; (S.J.) ; collection of W. Rothenstein, S.K., London ; I.O.L. John., vol. xxiv, fol. 1. Husain ; (M.) ; Bod. Bah. Husain Naqqāsh ; (M.) ; B.M. Bab. ; S.K. Akb. ; Bank. Tim.

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Ibrāhīm Kahār ; (M.) ; B.M. Bab. (good) ; B.M. Dārāb. Ibrāhīm Kashmīrī ; (M.) ; B.M. Dārāb. Ibrāhīm Lāhōrī ; (M.) ; B.M. Dārāb. Ikbal ; (M.) ; B.M. Dārāb. Ikhlās ; S.K. Akb. ; Bod. Bah. ‘Ināyat Ullāh, Sayyid ; (M.) ; Rothschild collection, Paris ; Wan. Ishar ; Bank. Tim.

c23.18

Jagan or Jagannāth ; A’in ; B.M. Bab. ; S.K. Akb. ; D.P. Niz. ; J. Razm. ; Bank. Tim. Jag Jīwan ; Bank. Tim. Jag Jīwan Kalān ; S.K. Akb. ; Bank. Tim. Jamshid Chela ; B.M. Bab. Jaswanth, probably Daswanth ; J. Razm.

c23.19

Kāhar, Ibrāhīm (see Ibrāhīm Kahār). Kalū Lāhōrī ; B.M. Dārāb. Kalyan Das (see Chatarmuni). Kamāl Kashmīrī ; Bank. Tim. Kanak Singh Chela ; D.P. Niz. ; Bank. Tim. Kānhā ; B.M. Dārāb. ; J. Razm. Karmakhand ; B.M. Dārāb. Kashmīrī Haidar (see Haidar Kashmīrī). Kashmīrī Ibrahim (see Ibrāhīm Kashmīrī). Kashmīrī Kamāl (see Kamāl Kashmīrī). Kashmīrī Muhammad (see Muhammad Kashmīrī). Kashmīrī Ya‘qūb (see Ya‘qūb Kashmīrī). Kesu (also Kaisu, and Kesava-dāsa) ; A’in ; B.M. Bab. (good) ; S.K. Akb. ; J. Razm. ; Bank. Tim. Kesu Gujarātī ; B.M. Bab. Kesu Kahār ; B.M. Dārāb. ; Bank. Tim. Kesu Kalān ; B.M. Dārāb. ; S.K. Akb. ; Bank. Tim. Kesu Khurd ; S.K. Akb. ; Bank. Tim. Khānrawān ; a picture signed by this painter is reproduced in Sarre and Martin’s *Die Ausstellung von Meisterwerken Muhammedanischer Kunst*, Munich 1912 (Pl. 38). Khem Karan ; A’in ; B.M. Bab. ; B.M. Dārāb. ; S.K. Akb. ; D.P. Niz. ; Bod. Bah. ; Bank. Tim. ; J. Razm. ; B.M. Or. 1362.

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Khīman or Kahmin (see Khunan). Khizr (?) ; Bod. Bah. Khunan, Sangtarash, or the stone carver ; S.K. Akb. ; Bank. Tim. Khusrau Qulī ; B.M. Bab. Khwāja ‘Abdus Samad (see ‘Abdus Samad).

c23.21

Lab ; J. Razm. Lāhōrī Ibrāhīm (see Ibrāhīm Lāhōrī). Lāhōrī Kalū (see Kalū Lāhōrī). Lāl ; A’in ; S.K. Akb. ; S.K. Bab. ; Bod. Bah. ; D.P. Niz. ; J. Razm. ; Bank. Tim. Lek Rāj ; Ram. Lūmankā (?) ; Bank. Tim.

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Mādho (also Mādho Khanazād) ; A’in ; B.M. Dārāb. ; S.K. Akb. ; S.K. Bab. ; Bod. Bah. ; D.P. Niz. ; J. Razm. ; Bank. Tim. ; B.M. Or. 1362 ; mentioned in Ma‘āthir-i-Rahīmī (753) as in the service of ‘Abd-ur-Rahīm, Khān Khānān, Akbar’s commander-in-chief. Mādho Kalān ; B.M. Dārāb. ; S.K. Akb. ; Bank. Tim. Mādho Khurd ; B.M. Dārāb. ; S.K. Akb. ; Bank. Tim. Mahārāj Kalān (?) ; Bank. Tim. Mahesh ; B.M. Bab. (good). Mah Muhammad ; (M.) ; S.K. Akb. Maklas (see Mukhlis). Makrā ; B.M. Bab. Manī ; B.M. Bab. ; B.M. Dārāb. ; J. Razm. Manohar ; B.M. Bab. ; S.K. Akb. ; Wan. ; D.P. Niz. ; Bank. Tim. ; I.O.L. John., vol. iii, fol. 1 ; Ram. Mansūr, also Mansūr Naqqāsh ; (M.) ; B.M. Bab. ; S.K. Akb. ; Wan. ; B.M. Stowe, Or. 16. Mehr Chand ; I.O.L. John., vol. xl, fol. 1. Mīr Hasan ; (M.) ; B.M. Bab. (very good). Mīr Hāshim ; (M.) ; Wan. ; Demotte collection, Paris. Mīr Muhammad ; I.O.L. John., vol. lviii, fol. 21. Mīr Sayyid ‘Alī (see ‘Alī Mīr Sayyid). Miskīn ; (M.) ; A’in ; B.M. Dārāb. ; S.K. Akb. ; S.K. Bab. ; Bod. Bah. ; D.P. Niz. ; Bank. Tim. ; J. Razm. Mohan Shankar ; I.O.L. John., vols. xxxiv and lviii. Mohesh ; A’in ; B.M. Dārāb. ; B.M. Bab. (very good) ; S.K. Akb. ; J. Razm. Muhammad ‘Ābid ; (M.) ; Ram.

c23.23

Muhammad Faqīrullāh Khān, also Muhammad Khān; (M.); S.J.; I.O.L. album of Prince Dara Shikoh, fol. 21b; I.O.L. John., vol. xvii, fol. 3; Bod. MS. Ouseley Add. 170. Muhammad Kashmīrī; (M.); Bank. Tim. Muhammad Murād of Samarqand; (M.). Muhammad Nādir of Samarqand; (M.); eight pictures in B.M. Or. 18801. Muhammad Sharīf; (M.); J. Razm. Muhammad Yūsuf; Cal. No. 554. Mukhlis, or Maklas; (M.); B.M. Dārāb.; B.M. Bab.; S.K. Akb.; Bod. Bah.; Bank. Tim. Mukhlis ‘Alī (see ‘Alī, son of Mukhlis). Mukund; A’in; S.K. Akb.; S.K. Bab.; Bod. Bah.; D.P. Niz.; J. Razm.; Bank. Tim. Muthrā; B.M. Dārāb.; Bank. Tim.

c23.24

Nādir-buland-iqbāl; (M.). Nādir Muhammad (see Muhammad Nādir of Samarqand). Nādir uz-Zamān; (M.); I.O.L. John., vol. lxvii; see Jahangir’s Memoirs, vol. ii, p. 20; also Abu’l-Hasan. Nainān; Bank. Tim. Nānā (see Nānhā). Nand Gwaliorī; B.M. Bab. (good); S.K. Akb.; D.P. Niz.; Bank. Tim. Nānhā; B.M. Dārāb (fol. 24, good); S.K. Akb.; B.M. Bab.; S.K. Bab.; D.P. Niz.; Bank. Tim. Nanwa; J. Razm. Narāyan; B.M. Dārāb.; B.M. Bab. (good); S.K. Akb.; J. Razm.; Bank. Tim. Nar Singh; S.K. Akb.; D.P. Niz.

c23.25

Paramjīv Gujarātī; Bank. Tim. Paras; B.M. Dārāb.; B.M. Bab. (good); S.K. Akb.; J. Razm.; Bank. Tim. Paras Kahār; B.M. Dārāb. Parmeho (?), probably Paramjīv; J. Razm. Pidārath; B.M. Bab.; Wan.

c23.26

Qabūl Ahmad; (M.); S.K. Akb. Qalmak, Farrukh Beg (see Farrukh Beg). Qāsim; (M.); B.M. Or. 5600; see Court Painters of the Grand Moguls, by Binyon and Arnold, Plate VII.

c23.27

Rām; A’in; J. Razm.; Bank. Tim. Rāmdās; B.M. Bab. (good); S.K. Akb.; S.K. Bab.; J. Razm.; Bank. Tim. Rām Sahai; I.O.L. John., vol. lxiv.

c23.28

Rao Gobind Singh; I.O.L. John., vol. xxi, fol. 8.

c23.29

Sahīfah Bānū (lady artist); Wan. Šāhū; Bank. Tim. Sain Dās; Bod. Bah. Samad, Sayyid Abu (see Abu Samad, Sayyid). Samand; picture of Shan Jahan in the collection of H.H. the Maharaja of Benares, India. Sānwlah, or Sānwal Das (see V. Smith’s Akbar, p. 118); A’in; B.M. Dārāb.; B.M. Bab.; S.K. Akb.; D.P. Niz.; J. Razm.; Bank. Tim. Sarjan; B.M. Dārāb.; B.M. Bab. Sarun, also Sarwan; B.M. Dārāb.; B.M. Bab.; S.K. Akb.; J. Razm.; Bank. Tim. Sayyid ‘Ināyat Ullāh (see ‘Ināyat Ullāh, Sayyid). Selman (?); Bod. Bah. Šāh Muhammad; (M.); Bank. Tim. Sham, or Shiyam (?); B.M. Bab. (good). Shankar Gujarātī; B.M. Dārāb.; B.M. Bab. (good); S.K. Akb.; Bank. Tim.; I.O.L. John., vol. xxiv. Sheodās (Shiv Dās); B.M. Dārāb.; B.M. Bab.; Wan. Sharif, Muhammad (see Muhammad Sharif). Sīmāb Khan; Ram. Sing, nar (see Nar Singh). Sukhjiwan; J. Razm. Sūra, also Sūr; Bank. Tim. Sūraj; Bank. Tim. Sūraj Gujarātī; Bank. Tim. Sūr Das, son of Ishar; B.M. Bab. (good); S.K. Akb.; Bank. Tim. Sūr Gujarātī; B.M. Bab. Surjan; Bank. Tim.

c23.30

Talūk; B.M. Dārāb.; B.M. Bab. Tārā, Tārā Chand (see V. Smith’s Akbar, p. 118); A’in; B.M. Dārāb.; B.M. Or. 1362; S.K. Akb.; J. Razm. Thirpāl; B.M. Bab. (good). Tiriyyā; B.M. Dārāb.; B.M. Bab. (good); S.K. Akb. Tulsī; B.M. Bab. (good); S.K. Akb.; J. Razm.; Bank. Tim. Tulsī Kalān; B.M. Dārāb.; S.K. Akb.; Bank. Tim. Tulsī Khurd; B.M. Bab.; S.K. Akb.

c23.31

Ya‘qūb Kashmīrī; (M.); S.K. Bab.