Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu Periods) c10.s1: Rock-Cut Cells in Bihar
Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu Periods) c10.s1
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Rock-Cut Cells in Bihar
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| BARABAR HILLS .. | (*a*) Karna Kaupar, |
| | (*b*) Sudama, |
| | (*c*) Lomas Rishi, |
| | (*d*) Visvajhopri |
| | |
| NAGARJUNI GROUP .. | (*a*) Gopika (Milkmaid) |
| | (*b*) Vahiyaka, |
| | (*c*) Vadathika. |
| | |
| SITAMARHI .. | (13 miles south of Rajgriha, 25 miles east of Gaya). |
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Additional light has been thrown on the early form of the stupa hall by the excavations carried out at the ancient site of Bairat in Jaipur State. Here have been discovered the remains of a Buddhist temple, not rock-cut, but constructed of brick and wood, probably the only one of its kind so far unearthed. Of its early date there can be little doubt, as relics of a typical Asokan character were found in its vicinity, so that it is presumed to have been erected about B C. 250 Circular in plan and formed of panels made of large wedge-shape bricks it is contained within a peripteral range of twenty-six octagonal wooden pillars Around is a circumambulatory path with a wide entrance on the east leading to the stupa in the interior. That the primitive stupa hall was probably a circular cell has already been referred to, illustrations of which are shown in Plate VIII, and there is actually a rock-cut example of the first century B.C in
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REFERENCES
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Cunningham, A *The Ancient Geography of India Buddhist Period*. London, 1871 Foucher, A *The Beginnings of Buddhist Art and other Essays* Paris and London, 1917 Longhurst, A H *The Story of the Stupa* Colombo, 1936 Smith, Vincent A. *Asoka, the Buddhist Emperor of India* Oxford, 1909
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① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩ ⑪ EVOLUTION OF DRAVIDIAN CAPITAL ⑦ KARLI 150 BC ⑧ LADH KHAN, AIHOLE 5TH CENT A D. ⑨ MAMALLAPURAM 7TH CENT. ⑩ KAILASA 9TH CENT ⑪ KORVANGULA EARLY 10TH CENT. ⑫ PLAN OF DUMBAL TEMPLE OF DODABASAVANNA 12TH CENT STELLATE PLAN SCALE OF FEET
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[Figure: DIAGRAM OF GREAT STUPA AT SANCHI B.C. AND A.D. PLAN UMBRELLA STICK (CHHATRAYASHTI) TRIPLE UMBRELLA (CHHATRAVALI) WHEEL (CHAKRA) LION PILLAR (SINHA STAMBHA) (CIR. 250 B C) GATEWAY (TORANA) (CIR 50 B C) HARMIKA ANDA OR EGG (STONE CASING 150 B C) BERM COPING (USHNISHA) STAIRWAY (SOPANA) RAILING (VEDIKA) (150 B C) CROSS BAR (SUCHI) UPRIGHT (THABHA) INSIDE RAILING IS PROCESSIONAL PATH (PRADAKSHINA PATHA) 1]
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[Figure: CONJECTURAL RESTORATION OF TEMPLE NO 18 AT SANCHI CIR 650 A.D.
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Fig 1. Barabar Hills, Bihar Lomas Rishi (c 250 B.C )
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Fig 2 Budh Gaya Railing (c 75 BC)
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Fig 3 Barhut Stupa Upper part of Gateway (c 150 BC)
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Fig 4 Budh Gaya • Architectural details on Railing Pillar (c 1st Cent AD)
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VARIOUS FORMS OF STUPA
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[Figure: ① MANIKYĀLĀ, PUNJAB c. 2ND CENT A D ② SĀNCHĪ 1ST CENT B C. ③ AMARĀVATĪ, C 3RD CENT A D ④ KĀRLĪ C 2ND CENT BC ⑤ AJANTA c 6TH CENT A D. ⑥ MĪRPUR-KHĀS, SIND c 6TH CENT ⑦ TOP-DARRA, SWAT, N W FRONTIER ? 2ND CENT. A.D. ⑧ SĀRNĀTH (RESTORED) 6TH CENT A D ⑨ THUPARAMA AT ANURADHAPURA, CEYLON c 240 B.C. ⑩ BOROBUDUR, JAVA c 700 A D ⑪ BODHNATH, NEPAL ⑫ CHORTEN, TIBET ⑬ SHWESANDAW, PAGAN, BURMA c 12TH/13TH CENT ⑭ CHA HENG, NAN, SIAM c 14TH CENT]