Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu Periods) c50: Index

Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu Periods) c50

Language: English

Index

c50.1

Abacus ; 9, 15, 17, 48, 50, 84. Abhayagiriya ; 167 *Acanthus*, 33 Achaemenid , 8, 10, 19, 34, 156. *Achchaday* (" envelope "); 14 Acropolis ; 4 Adina Mosque, Pandua ; 149, 151 Adinath Temple, Sadari ; 134. Aihole ; 52ff, 67ff, 70, 74, 101, 103, 144. Ajaigarh , 48, 49 Ajanta ; 23, 27ff., 49, 56ff. *Ajivika*, 10, 28 Alampur ; 70 Alexander the Great ; 8, 31. Alexandrian School , 34 *Amalaka*, *amalasîla*, 11, 12, 67, 70, 119. Amarapura , 176 Amaravati ; 36ff., 39, 40, 47, 83, 168, 184 Ambarnath Temple , 126 Amla ; 102. Amman Shrine , 90, 91, 93. Amrita " Cave " , 49. Amvan ; 115. Amygdaloid , 20 Anahilawada-Pattana , 117. Ananda Pagoda ; 175 Ananta Vasudev Temple ; 102, 106. Ananta Gumpha ; 30 Anantnag , 158 Anda (egg) , 13, 167. Andhras ; 13ff., 36ff, 47, 78, 170. Angkor Thom ; 78, 179. Angkor Vat ; 78, 153, 179. Anhilapattana , 124 Annam ; 191ff. *Antarala*, 62, 68, 82. Antefixes (*Kudu*) ; 94. Anuradhapura ; 166ff *Apsaras*, 87 Arch ; 45. Ardha-mandapa ; 62 Arhai dın-ka Jhompra (Ajmer) , 114 *Arhats*, 20. Arjuna's Penance ; 78. *Aryaka* (worshipful columns) , 37, 168. *Asana* ; 29, 53, 111, 119 Asoka , 7ff, 10, 13, 16, 29, 36, 47, 48, 162. Assyria ; 5, 19, 29, 34, 86 *Asthabhadra* (stellate) ; 139 Astylar ; 105 Attic school standard , 34, 113. Aurangabad ; 56, 60, 63. Ava ; 176. Avantesvamı temple , 159ff Avantesvara temple ; 159ff Avantipur , 159. Avantivarman ; 158, 159, 160, 191, 194.

c50.2

Baalbek , 157. Bactria ; 8, 31, 32 Badamı ; 30, 52, 54ff., 61, 144. Bagh Gumpha (Tiger cave) ; 29. Bahulara , 150 Bairat , 12 Bakhra ; 17. Balcony windows ; 112. Balı ; 198ff Balkh ; 31.

c50.3

Ballalbari ; 152 Ballal Sena , 152. Balsane Temple ; 108, 125, 126. Bankura ; 149 Barabar Hill , 3, 8, 10, 16, 19, 21, 28, 36. Barakar (Burdwan) , 109, 150. Barhut , 3, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 25, 40, 47. Baroda ; 124 *Bastis*, 137. Batter or slope ; 1, 21, 96 Bayon , 185 Bead and Fillet moulding ; 9, 17 Bedsa ; 11, 21, 23, 25, 28. Beehive hut , 11, 16 Begunia Temples , 150 Behistun , 8, 10 Bellary ; 144. Belur , 141, 147. Benedictines ; 27 Bengal , 42, 101, 149ff. Besnagar , 9, 11, 15, 17, 18, 21, 37, 40, 45, 47, 48, 49. Bestiaries , 85 *Betta* ; 137. Beypore ; 132 Bhairavakonda , 78 Bhaja ; 21, 22. Bhamara (Nagod State) , 48ff. Bhatgaon , 162, 165 Bhatkal ; 132 Bhattiprolu stupa , 37ff. Bhilsa ; 48 Bhima ; 80, 120 Bhitagaon Temple , 41, 42, 45, 194. *Bhog Mandir*; 102. Bhopal ; 13, 45, 47, 48 Bhubaneswar , 28, 41, 64, 66, 80, 101ff., 150. Bhupatindra ; 165 Bıhar (Vihara) , 13, 19, 42, 56, 101, 135, 162. Bilesvara , 131. Bılot ; 161. Bimbisara , 5 Bına " cave " ; 49 Black Pagoda (Konarak) ; 106. Bodh Tree , 14, 43 Bodhnath ; 162 Bodigai ; 89 Borobudur ; 78, 153, 184, 193ff. *Brahmajala Sutta*; 20, 78 Brick architecture , 40ff. Bricks (sizes) , 40, 41 Brihad-Isvara , 97. Brindaban (Muttra) ; 101, 128ff. Budhagupta column ; 50, 114. Budh Gaya , 10, 13, 15, 19, 41, 42ff. Bulandı Bagh, near Patna ; 5 Buniar , 160 Burdwan ; 109, 149, 150. Burma, Burmese ; 30, 45, 153, 173ff., 209ff.

c50.4

Cable moulding ; 9 Cambodia ; 64, 153, 155, 176, 178ff., 215ff. Campanıform capital , 9, 23, 49, 70. " Caves " ; 19. Ceilings ; 112, 120. Cenotaphs ; 132. Ceylon ; 34, 37, 47, 84, 201ff. Chaitya arch development ; 22, 64.

c50.5

Chajjas (eaves) ; 66, 120 Chalukyan ; 52ff., 67ff , 138ff , 144ff , 175ff. Champaran ; 8 Chams ; 191ff. Chandela rajas ; 110ff. Chandragiri ; 137. Chandragupta ; 5, 49 Chandra-Pushkarani ; 98. Chanhu-daro ; 2 Chankrama (promenade) ; 10, 15 Charsada ; 33 Chaturbhuj Temple (Khajuraho) ; 112 Chaudadampur ; 146. Chaumukh ; 75, 134 Chezarla (Kistna) ; 41, 64 Chhatarpur , 110. Chhattrayashti (parasol) ; 13. Chidambaram ; 89, 97, 99 Chitor ; 123 Chitohrgadh ; 115. Chlorite ; 107 Chola ; 77, 84ff Chota Kailasa temple ; 75. Chosroes ; 45. Chunnar ; 8, 15, 40 Clerestory , 26. Cloisters (sal) ; 17, 27, 114. “ Cogged ” stone , 11. Conjeeveram ; 62, 77, 78, 81, 82, 83, 88, 94. Corinthian capital , 32, 34, 44, 156 Cramanas (forest-dwellers) ; 16 Crikakulam ; 36 Ctesiphon ; 45, 176 Curved cornice ; 149. Cuttack ; 28, 109.

c50.6

Dabhoi ; 123. Dakshina ; 85. Dambal ; 66, 147. Damnar , 116 Dantapura , 28, 105. Darasuram Temple ; 89, 100. Darius ; 8, 10, 19, 31. Dasaratha , 11 Das Avatar (Ellora) ; 71. Datia ; 135 Deccan, Deccani ; 34, 52, 59, 65, 101, 125ff. Demetrius ; 32. Deogarh (Jhansi Dist.) ; 50 ff. Deul ; 102. Dhamek Stupa ; 45. Dharmapala ; 4, 82 Dhanyakataka , 36 Dharamıkota ; 36 Dharmaraja ratha ; 80, 81. Dharmarajika (Taxila) ; 33. Dharwar ; 29, 52, 63, 66, 70, 138, 146. Dhauli ; 28. Dhedwada Group (Ellora) ; 59. Dhiman and Bitpalo ; 152 Dhwarja-stambha , 74, 99. Diodorus ; 8. Diodotus ; 31. Distyle in antis ; 25, 30, 33. Diwanı-am ; 93. Diwanı-khas ; 93. Djeng Plateau ; 41, 184 ff. Dong-Duong ; 191. Doric ; 89, 156, 157. Do Thal (Ellora) ; 60. Double-headed eagle ; 34. Draupadi's ratha ; 79. Dravidadesha ; 77, 170. Dumar Lena (Ellora) ; 60, 71 ff , 72.

c50.7

Durga Temple (Aihole) ; 53, 67, 103. Dwarpalas , 26, 30, 72, 73, 143, 169.

c50.8

Ecbatana ; 5. Ekambara Temple ; 94. Ekrama Tīrtha ; 104 Elephanta ; 30, 62, 71, 72, 73 Ellora , 22, 30, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 70, 71ff , 80 Ellore , 36, 38 Emblic myrobalan ; 11. English bond ; 1. Ephesus ; 9. Eran ; 48, 50, 114. Euthydemus ; 32.

c50.9

Fa-hien , 10, 34, 43, 47, 57 Fire altar ; 34 Flat roof ; 48, 50, 67, 79, 95.

c50.10

Gable ; 80, 131 ff Gadag ; 66, 145, 147. Gajapristhakrite (whale-backed) ; 64. Galagnath ; 68 Gana ; 54, 87. Gandhara ; 31 ff , 40, 44, 154, 156, 157. Ganesh Gumpha ; 29, 30 Ganesh Lena ; 25, 28 Gangaıkondacholapuram Temple ; 85 ff Ganga kings ; 101. Ganges, Gangetic Plain ; 1, 5, 40, 44, 47, 48, 56, 78, 84, 116 Ganjam ; 101. Garbha-griha ; 47, 62. Garuda Pillar ; 17, 50 Gates (city) ; 123. Gaur , 51, 52 Gautamiputra , 28, 49 Gavalī rajas , 65 Gawalgarh ; 135 Gaya ; 8, 10, 12 Ghanta (bell) , 9. Ghantai Temple , 113 Ghantasala , 37, 39. Ghumlı ; 122, 123 Gīrnar ; 30, 134. Gobind Devi Temple , 129. Godavari , 36. Godvad , 115 Gop Temple ; 137. Gopı, Gopika ; 11, 12 Gopuram , 43, 70, 80, 82, 88ff Graeco-Bactrian ; 31 ff Graeco-Buddhist ; 31, 32, 34, 44, 155. Graeco-Parthian ; 31 ff Graeco-Persian ; 8 Graeco-Roman ; 20, 34, 35, 153, 156 Great Lingaraja Temple (Bhubaneswar) ; 85. Gryphon ; 15, 17, 28, 54 Guda-mandapa (assembly hall) , 119. Gudīmallam ; 83 Gudivada ; 37, 39 Guilds (seni) ; 64, 118. Gujarat ; 64, 101, 117ff Gumpha ; 29, 55, 59. Gundichabari (Puri) ; 109. Guntupalle ; 20, 36 Gupta “ style ” , 48ff , 67, 102, 114, 161. Gupta Period ; 47ff Guptapara ; 151. Gwalior ; 41, 64, 80, 101, 128ff. Gyraspur ; 114, 115.

c50.11

Halabīd ; 142ff, 147. Hammer-beams, 123. Hammer dressing, 66 *Haṁsa* (goose), 9, 139, 143. Harappa ; 1, 2, 40 Harihara ; 115 *Harmika*. 14, 24, 25, 44, 58, 162. Harwan, 154ff Hathi Gumpha, 28 Hazara Rama Temple ; 92, 93. Headers and Stretchers ; 45 Heliodorus (son of Dion), 17, 21, 47. Hemadpanti ; 65, 126, 127. Hieun Tsiang, 31, 38, 43 Hīnayana ; 19ff, 21, 24ff, 27ff Hippogryphs, 29, 30, 91, 94, 100 Hmawza, 173 Honan ; 183. Honeysuckle and Palmette, 9, 17 "Horse Court" (Srirangam), 94, 98. Hoti Mardan ; 33. Hoysala Style ; 138ff Hoysalesvara Temple, 142ff Huchchimalligudi Temple, 53, 67, 103

c50.12

*Idaie*. 85, 88, 89. Indo-Buddhist, 31, 41, 146 Indo-China ; 191ff Indo-Greek, 32, 161. Indo-Scythian ; 32ff. Indrabetta ; 137 Indra-Sabha (Ellora) ; 75 Indus, 32, 44 Indus Civilization, 1ff, 40 Iron Pillar, Delhi, 50 Isipatana ; 42 Ittagi ; 146

c50.13

*Jagamohan*; 102 Jaganath Sabha ; 75 Jaganath Temple, Puri, 43, 101, 102, 104, 105, 107ff, 108 Jagat Singh, 14 Jaggayyapeta, 37, 39 Jains, Jaina, 52, 53, 63, 71, 75, 110, 112, 115, 119, 121, 134. Jaipur, 109. Jakanacharya ; 65 Jamalgarhi ; 33 Jambukcsvara Temple, 89, 97, 99. Jambulinga Temple, 68 Jandial (Taxila) ; 33, 62 Japan ; 57. Jatakas ; 14 Jatkari, 113 Jaulain, 33 Java ; 41, 64, 78, 145, 153, 155, 193ff *Jaya-stambha* (Tower of Victory), 123 Jetavana Scene ; 16, 42 Jetawanarama, 167 Jhalra Patan, 116 Jhinjuwada ; 123 Jinanath Temple (Khajuraho) ; 113. Jogeswara ; 71ff Jor-bangla, 151. Jugal Kishore Temple ; 129, 130. Jumna, 35, 48, 116 Junagadh (Uparkot) ; 30, 135 Junnar ; 12, 21ff, 28

c50.14

Kabul Valley ; 32 Kach (Cutch) ; 117.

c50.15

Kachchi Kuti ; 45. Kadphises, 35. Kadvar, 131 Kafir Kot ; 161. Kailasa (Ellora) ; 65, 71, 73ff., 80 Kailasanatha Temple (Conjeveram) ; 62, 81, 82, 88. Kalasan Temple, 194ff. Kalesvara, 42, 145 Kalinga ; 28, 101ff Kalinganara ; 101. Kanara, 132 Kanarese ; 69, 144 Kandariya Mahadeo (Khajuraho) ; 62, 111, 112. Kandy, 171 Kanheri ; 20, 21, 25, 26, 40, 59. *Kani*, moulding ; 125. Kanishka, 34, 35 *Kanjuras* (battlements), 123. Kapilavastu, 5, 52. Karkala, 137. Karli ; 20, 21ff, 24ff, 61, 70 Karna Kaupar ; 12. Kashmir, 131. Kasia ; 43. Kathiawar ; 30, 101, 115, 131, 134. Katmandu, 162. Katra, 35 Khajuraho ; 62, 64, 101, 108, 110ff, 115, 119. Khandesh, 65, 108, 126 Khandagiri (Orissa) ; 29, 30. Kharasila (terrace) ; 120 Kharavela, 28 Kharod, 41 Khasis (Assam), 14 Khedrapur ; 147. Khiching (Mayurbhanji) ; 109, 149, 150. Khmer, 78, 177ff Khorsabad ; 34. Kiradu (Marwar), 122 *Kirtimukh* (sun-face), 139 *Kirti-stambha*; 108, 123 Kistna ; 16, 36, 37, 41, 63 Kokamthan, 125 Konadane, 6, 21, 23, 27 Konarak, 22, 99, 101, 102, 106ff, 119 Kondivte, 16 Kont Gudi ; 52 Korganatha Temple ; 84, 85 Kothua (Bakhra), 8, 17 Krishna I, Rashtrakuta dynasty of Malkhed ; 73. *Kudu* (antefixes) ; 22, 64, 79, 94. Kukkanur Temple, 69, 145. Kumaragupta, 50 Kumarapala, 122. Kumbakonam, 86, 89, 94 *Kumbapancharam*, 94 Kumrahar, 10. *Kunda* (sacred pool), 120 Kundalpur ; 135 Kunwar Math ; 113 Kuruvatti ; 146, 147 Kusinagara (Kasia) ; 5, 42. Kushans, 32, 34, 47 Kutub (Qutb) Mosque, Delhi ; 50 Kwi Nhon ; 191

c50.16

Ladh Khan Temple ; 52, 54, 74. Ladkhnauti ; 149, 151, 152. Lakkundi ; 66, 69, 145, 146. Lalitaditya ; 156, 159, 161. Laminated planks ; 11, 21, 131 Laterite ; 29, 105, 107, 150, 181, 188.

c50.17

Laurya Araraj ; 8. Laurya Nandangarh ; 8, 9 Leogriff ; 81, 90 Lighting system ; 25 Lingaraja Temple (Bhubaneswar) ; 85, 104ff., 107, 109 Lion pillars ; 48, 81 Lohaprasada ; 168 Lomas Rishi ; 11, 16, 19, 21, 36 Lonia ; 8 Lopburi ; 188, 189 Ludov (Kashmir) , 157, 158

c50.18

Macedonia , 8, 31 *Madanakai* figures , 140, 143. Madura , 77, 95ff , 108 Magadha ; 4, 7, 44, 163 Mahabharata ; 65. Maha-Govinda (architect) , 4 Mahakutesvara Temple ; 67 *Maha mandapa* , 62 Mahanwada , 59. *Mahavana* (Great Wood) ; 4 Mahayana ; 20, 21ff , 27, 31ff , 56ff Mahendra Group , 77ff Mahendravarman III , 82 Maheth , 45 Mahishasura mandapam , 79 *Maithuna* ; 108 *Majakista* , 197. *Makara* ; 48, 165 Malabar ; 131 Mala De Temple ; 115 Malda ; 149, 151. Malegitti-Sivalaya Temple ; 67ff Mallikarjuna , 68 Malot ; 161. Mamalla Group ; 77ff. Mamallapuram , 62, 63, 64, 78, 80, 90, 94 Manbhum ; 109, 149, 150. Manchipuri Gumpha ; 29, 30, 55 Mandagapattu , 77 Mandalay ; 176, 177 *Mandapa* , 41, 62, 75, 102 *Mandovara* (wall-face) , 118, 120 Mangalisa ; 54 Manikyala Stupa , 14, 33 Manmoda ; 23 Maribag , 113 Martand (Kashmir) , 107, 120, 158ff. Marwar ; 122, 136 Masrur Temple (Kangra) ; 116 Matangesvara Temple , 83. Mathura , *See* Muttra Mauryan , 5, 6, 7, 9ff , 13, 15, 16 Mayurbhanj , 101, 109, 149 *Medhi* (terrace) , 14 Megasthenes ; 5 Meguti temple , 53, 67. Mekkhaya ; 176 Mers ; 131 Meshrebiya ; 6. Mesopotamia , 1 Mihintale , 166 Mihiragula ; 34 Minakshi ; 97. Mirpur Khas Stupa ; 44, 45 Mi-Son ; 191, 192 Modhera (Surya Temple) ; 107, 118, 120ff Mogalrajapuram ; 77 Mohenjo-daro , 1, 2, 40 Mohra Moradu (Taxila) ; 33. Monastery (vihara) , 16, 20, 27ff , 31ff , 43, 56 Monoliths ; 8 Mortar ; 17, 45, 65, 156

c50.19

Mote or moot hall ; 52 Mount Abu , 121, 122 Mudabidri , 132 Mukandwara Pass (Kotah) ; 50 Mukhalingam ; 101. *Mukhamandapa* ; 149 Mukhana ; 124 Mukhtagiri , 135. Muktesvara Temple (Bhubaneswar) ; 102, 104. Muktesvara Temple (Conjeeveram) , 83 Mulla Rajas , 163 Muttra (Mathura) ; 15, 35, 40, 101. Muzaffarpur ; 8 Myinpagan ; 173

c50.20

Nachna, Ajaigarh State ; 48, 49. Nagarjuni ; 10, 11. Naga tabernacles, altars , 47, 63. Nagod State ; 14, 17, 48, 49. Nahapana ; 28 Naksh-i-Rustam ; 13, 19 Nalanda , 42, 43 Nandivarman Group ; 77, 83. *Naos* ; 34, 62. Narasimhavarman , 56, 78. Narasina , 48 Narastan ; 158 Nasik ; 20ff , 25, 28, 49, 108, 127. Nataraja ; 87. Natesa ; 99 *Nat Mandir* ; 102 Naukratis ; 9 *Navagraha* , 116 Navaranga ; 138, 141, 146, 147 Nayaks ; 95ff. Neminatha Temple ; 135 Nepal ; 8, 13, 19, 64, 131, 132, 162ff. Newars of Nepal ; 132, 162ff. Nile , 8, 96 "Norbu" (Precious Jewel) ; 11.

c50.21

Oaknante ; 184 *Obelisks* , 24 *Opisthodomos* , 34 *Opus doliare* ; 155. Oratorians (Italy) , 110 "Order" ; 22 Orgadam ; 83 Orissa , 27ff, 62, 64, 101ff , 119, 131. Osia (Jodhpur) ; 115ff Oxus ; 31, 47

c50.22

*Padmam* ; 94. *Padmabhandam* ; 84 Pagan (Burma) , 45, 173ff. Pagodas of Burma ; 173ff. Paharpur ; 42, 151, 153, 174. Pal dynasty , 149, 150, 151 *Palagai* or "plank" , 85, 89 Palar river , 78 Pallas Athene , 32, 33 Pallava ; 71, 77ff Palitana ; 134 Pampapati Temple ; 92 *Pancha-ratna* ; 150 *Panchayatana* ; 43, 102, 112, 116, 127, 160. Pandrethan , 156, 158, 161. Pandua , 149ff., 151 Pandulena ; 23. Pandya ; 77, 88ff , 95 Papanath Temple ; 68ff. Parasanath ; 135.

c50.23

Parasrameswar Temple ; 102ff. Parīhasapura ; 156 Parthenon (Athens) ; 156, 157. Parthia, Parthians ; 31ff. *Pasana-kottaka* (stone-cutter) ; 10 Passion Play ; 29 Pataliputra ; 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, 66 Patan (Gujarat) ; 119. Patan (Nepal) ; 162, 164 Patan (Kashmir) , 160 Patharı ; 114, 116. Patna , 5, 10, 44, 139 Pattadakal , 52, 63, 66, 67ff., 73, 88, 101, 144ff. Pebble (diaper) , 155 Pedagaon ; 127 Pegu ; 173 Pelasgicum (Greece) ; 4. Persepolis, Persepolitan , 8, 10, 11, 15, 19, 23, 24, 28, 29, 32, 50. Peshwar , 31ff , 33. Pharaohs ; 7, 96 Phoenician ; 45. Pilgrims' Way ; 8 *Pinjra* (" cage-work ") , 6 Pīpla Devi ; 115 Piprahwa ; 10 Pitalkhora ; 21ff., 28 *Piu-lu* , 3. Plateresco ; 140 Pliny ; 8 Podium ; 53. Pokana ; 169. Polonnaruwa , 166, 170ff Polybius ; 5 Po Nagar , 191. Pool of Golden Lillies ; 97. Portrait pillar ; 97. *Pradakshina patha* (processional passage) ; 13, 37, 62, 139 *Prakarams* , 88, 97, 98, 106 Prambanam ; 196 " Primitives " ; 47ff Prome ; 173 Pronaos ; 34, 53, 59, 62. Propylaeum ; 23 Pteroma ; 53. Pudukottai ; 77, 84. Pudu Mandapa (Madura) ; 97, 98. Puhul ; 169. Pulakesin I ; 54 Pulakesin II , 56 Punta Devi , 193. Puranadhishthana ; 156, 161. Puri , 28, 43, 101, 105 Purna kalasa (" bowl of plenty ") ; 48. Pylon ; 70, 97. Pyu ; 173.

c50.24

Qutb Mosque, Delhi ; 46, 114, 151.

c50.25

Raipur ; 41. Rajaraja, the Great , 85. Rajarani Temple (Bhubaneswar) ; 66, 80, 106ff Rajasimha Group , 77ff , 80 Rajasthan ; 34, 101, 114ff., 123. Rajendra ; 86 Rajgriha ; 3, 4, 5, 10, 12 Rajputana ; 34, 101, 114ff , 123 Rajshahi ; 42, 151 *Rakshasas* ; 85, 87. Rameswara ; 61, 71ff , 72, 94 Rameswaram Temple ; 97, 99. Rampurva ; 8, 9 Rangoon ; 176. Ranī Gumpha (" Queen's Cave ") ; 29, 30. Ranpur ; 136.

c50.26

Ratha ; 63, 77, 107. Ravana-ka-Khai ; 70ff , 72. Rawalpindi ; 31ff , 33. Reliquary , 80 Rewah ; 123 Renaissance , 91, 140 Rib-vaulting ; 60. Rig Veda ; 4, 65 Rock Architecture ; 19ff , 71 Romanesque , 15, 79 Roof-ribs , 22, 25, 28. Rudra Mala (Siddhapur) ; 122, 128. Rupbas ; 40 Ruwanwaler , 37, 167ff

c50.27

Sachiya Mata , 115. Sadarī ; 136. Sagaing ; 176 Sahadeva ratha ; 64, 80 Saheth (Sravasti) ; 42 Sakala (Sialkot) , 32 Sakuntala ; 114 Saladı ; 115 Salt Range (Singhapura) ; 161. Sanchi ; 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13ff , 19, 25, 28, 37, 40, 47ff., 63. *Sangaramas* , 17, 33, 36 Sankaracharya Temple (Kashmir) ; 158 Sankaram Hill , 36ff Sankaravarman ; 160. *Santhagara* , 52. Sargon , 34 Sarnath ; 9, 13, 24, 42, 45, 52. Sas Bahu Temple (Gwalior) , 118, 128ff. Sasanıan ; 45, 155 Sasanids , 19. *Satapatha Brahmana* , 47 *Schist* , 34, 137 Scythians ; 31ff, 34 Sejakpur ; 122 Sena dynasty ; 149, 151, 152 *Seni* (guilds) , 64, 118. *Sesha* ; 11, 152, 153 " Seven Pagodas " ; 79 " Shore " Temple (Mamallapuram) ; 62, 81. Shwe Dagon Pagoda ; 176. Shwyambhu Nath ; 13, 162ff Siam , 187ff *Sikhara* ; 11, 46, 52, 52ff , 62ff , 118, 125. *Silpas* , 64, 118 Sialkot , 32 Siddhapur , 122, 129 Siddharaja , 65. Siddheswara Temple (Bhubaneswar) ; 106. Sigiriya ; 166. Silasankar Hill (Dharwar) ; 66. Silavats or salats ; 118 Sindh ; 41, 44. Sinha-stambhas ; 24, 26. Sinnar (Nasik Dist ) ; 108, 126, 127. *Sira* (bracket capital) ; 119 Sirkap (Taxıla) ; 16, 17, 34ff , 155ff., 157. Sirpur ; 41. Sītamarhi , 10, 12 Sita's nani; 71. Sitrunjaya ; 134 Solankī ; 117ff , 122, 123. Somnath ; 122ff Somnathpur , 141. Sonagarh ; 135 *Sopana* (stairway) ; 14 Sravana Belgola ; 136. Sreewacolum ; 36. Srī Mandir (Bhubaneswar) ; 104. Srī Yajna ; 28. Srinivasanalur ; 84, 170.

c50.28

Srīrangam Temple ; 94, 95, 97, 98ff. Srīvilliputtur (Ramnad) ; 97, 100 Stonehenge ; 14. Stucco ; 43, 45. *Stupa* ; 6, 7, 11, 13, 14ff. *Subha-mandapa* ; 119. Subramaniar Temple (Tanjore) ; 100. *Suchi* (cross-bars) ; 14. Sudama ; 3, 10, 11, 12, 16. Sukhanası ; 138, 141. Sultanganj ; 151. Sumer ; 1. Sunak ; 119. Sundara Pandya Gopuram ; 89. Sundareswara (Madura) ; 97. Sungas ; 13ff., 49. Sun, Temple of (Konarak) ; 107, 120. Sun, Temple of (Martand) ; 158 Sun window ; 24, 103 Suradevi (architect) , 66 *Surajmukh* (sun face) ; 100, 162 Surya (sun god) ; 107, 109, 112, 115, 158, 163. Surya-pushkarani (Pool of the Sun ) ; 98. Susa ; 5, 8. Sutrapada ; 131. Swami Singothanam ; 97. Swat Valley ; 32, 44, 158.

c50.29

Tadpatrı ; 94. Takht-i-Bahaı , 33, 157. Takht-i-Sulaiman (Kashmīr) ; 158. Talikota ; 93 Tamil country ; 69, 77, 84, 88, 94, 95. *Tandava* , 67, 104. Tanjore ; 77, 94ff , 97, 100. Tanrism ; 108. Taranath ; 152. Taxila ; 16, 17, 33ff., 62, 155. Tejpala ; 117, 122. Telephanes of Phocaea ; 8. Teli-ka-Mandir (Gwalior) ; 41, 64, 80, 128ff. Telkupı (Manbhum) ; 109, 150 Temple evolution ; 62ff. Ter ; 41, 42, 53. Terracotta ; 41, 45, 150. *Thabha* (uprights) ; 3, 14. *Thakurbari* ; 150, 151. Thatch , 11, 16, 41, 53, 55, 79, 146 Thaton ; 173. Thul Mīr Rukan ; 44. Thuparama ; 167, 170. Tibet ; 11, 19, 26, 29, 32, 43, 59, 64, 162, 163. Tigawa ; 12, 48 Tinnevelly ; 97, 100. Tīn Thal ; 59ff., 71. Tīrthankars ; 75, 120, 134. Tīrthas ; 134. Tīrumalai Nayak ; 95 Tīrumalai's Chaultri ; 98. Tiruparutıkundram ; 63ff. Tiruttanı ; 83. Tiruvannamalai (Tīrumalai) ; 89, 98, 100. Tīruvarur ; 97, 100. Topa Vewa , 171. *Torana* ; 3, 5, 15, 16, 17, 33, 38, 48, 104. *Torii* ; 3, 33. Tosali ; 104. Tribeni ; 152. Trichinopoly ; 77, 84, 89, 94, 97. Trident ; 63. Triforium ; 58, 61. Trimurti (triad) ; 73. Trisula ; 18, 104. Tulja Lena ; 12, 25.

c50.30

Udaigiri (Bhopal ), 12, 48, 49, 54 Udaigiri (Orissa) ; 28, 29, 55. Udayaswara Temple (Udayapur) ; 115, 116 Undavalli ; 77. Upanishad ; 66. Uparkot (Junagadh) ; 30, 135. Ur ; 24 Urī (Kashmir) ; 160 *Urusringas* ; 111, 119, 122, 125. *Uruvilva* ; 5. Ushkar (Kashmir) , 154. *Ushnisha* (coping) ; 14 Uttaresvara ; 42, 102

c50.31

Vadamallīsvara , 80, 83. Vadnagar ; 123. Vaikuntanath Perumal Temple ; 62, 81, 88 Vaital Deul , 41, 64, 80, 102ff., 128 Varadarajaswamı Temple ; 94 Varaha Mandapa , 79 Verendra ; 151, 152, 162 Vastupala , 117. Vastupala Tejpala Temple ; 135. Vastusastra ; 64, 65. Vasudeva ; 17. Vedic ; 9, 14, 15, 60, 63. Vedica (wooden railing) ; 13 Vellore ; 94. Videsa (Besnagar) , 9, 15, 17, 21, 37, 40, 55. *Vihara* ; 20. Vijayaditya ; 68 Vijayanagar , 34, 77, 82, 91ff , 93, 97. Vikramaditya ; 68, 69 Vimala Temple ; 121ff *Vimana* , 62, 67 Vīrinjipuram , 94 Virupaksha Temple ; 66, 68ff , 88, 89. Vishnupur (Bengal) ; 150, 151. Visvada ; 131. Visvakarma (Lord of the Arts) , 60, 65 Vitapi (Badamī) ; 54 Vitruvius ; 65. Vitthala Temple ; 92. Vyadhapura , 179.