[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [The Music and Musical Instruments of Southern India and the Deccan](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.day-1891) › c8.1 # The Music and Musical Instruments of Southern India and the Deccan c8.1 The Music and Musical Instruments of Southern India and the Deccan c8.1 - **Language:** English ### [c8.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.day-1891.c8.1) Râga—How defined—Notes essential to composition of—Vâdi and Samvâdi notes—Modern meaning of Murchana—Examples of Murchana applied—Ancient and modern methods of performance of râga—How differing—Alâpa—Madhyamakâla—Gamakas—Classification of râgas—Popular scales for—Allied to certain passions—Peculiarities—How apportioned to seasons and hours—“Kattika,” or list of modern râgas. - [Previous: c7.131](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.day-1891.c7.131) - [Next: c8.2](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.day-1891.c8.2) - [Up: c8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.day-1891.c8) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.day-1891.c8.1](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.day-1891.c8.1) · Pramāṇa