[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [The Music and Musical Instruments of Southern India and the Deccan](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.day-1891) › c9.141 # The Music and Musical Instruments of Southern India and the Deccan c9.141 The Music and Musical Instruments of Southern India and the Deccan c9.141 - **Language:** English ### [c9.141](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.day-1891.c9.141) A vérnam consists of an introduction to which there are words, usually concluded by a “Sol-fa” passage. Following this are stanzas generally merely “sol-fahed.” After each stanza there is a short refrain to which words are sung. The words of vérnams treat mostly of the deeds of favourite heroes or warrior deities. - [Previous: c9.132](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.day-1891.c9.132) - [Next: c9.142](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.day-1891.c9.142) - [Up: c9](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.day-1891.c9) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.day-1891.c9.141](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.day-1891.c9.141) · Pramāṇa