[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [Town Planning in Ancient India](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.dutt-1925) › c8.44 # Town Planning in Ancient India c8.44 Town Planning in Ancient India c8.44 - **Language:** English ### [c8.44](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.dutt-1925.c8.44) (4) Forest-fort (vanadurga), \*i.e.\*, a fort defended by thick jungles on all sides up to a yojana. Its two varieties are ‘khāmjana’ and ‘stambha’. Khāmjana is a fort hemmed in by fens variegated with thickets and thorny shrubs here and there, while a fort environed by a dense jungle of lofty trees and underwoods, destitute of any water, is called ‘stambha’. The latter corresponds to the ‘vārksha’ of Manu.² - [Previous: c8.43](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.dutt-1925.c8.43) - [Next: c8.45](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.dutt-1925.c8.45) - [Up: c8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.dutt-1925.c8) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.dutt-1925.c8.44](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.dutt-1925.c8.44) · Pramāṇa