[Pramāṇa](https://indike.org/pramana/) › [Studies](https://indike.org/pramana/ins) › [Architecture and art](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art) › [South Indian Bronzes: A Historical Survey of South Indian Sculpture with Iconographical Notes Based on Original Sources](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1915) › c8.160 # South Indian Bronzes: A Historical Survey of South Indian Sculpture with Iconographical Notes Based on Original Sources c8.160 South Indian Bronzes: A Historical Survey of South Indian Sculpture with Iconographical Notes Based on Original Sources c8.160 - **Language:** English ### [c8.160](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1915.c8.160) The \*Kiritam\* is generally prescribed for Vaishnavite figures, the \*Karanda mukuta\* for female deities, and the \*Jata mukuta\* for the various forms of Siva. The coiffure, \*Jata badham\* is prescribed for Chandikeswara and saints. The \*Karanda-mukuta\* is thus defined in the text "\*Mula-chchagram - Kramat - Kshinam - Karanda-mukutasva-tu padmasya-Mukutakaram-mukutagram prokalpayet\*" The shape of the \*Karanda mukuta\* should be tapering from the base to the top, the finial being shaped like the crown of the lotus (Fig. 7). It is illustrated in figures (plates XXXIII & XXXVI). The \*Kirita mukuta\* will be found in figures (plates LXIII and LXVII). The \*Jata mukuta\* is illustrated in figure 7 and also in the image of Chandrasekhara, Gangadhara and the Kaldahanamurti plates (XV, XIV and I). - [Previous: c8.159](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1915.c8.159) - [Next: c8.161](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1915.c8.161) - [Up: c8](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1915.c8) --- Source: [https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1915.c8.160](https://indike.org/pramana/ins.art.gangoly-1915.c8.160) · Pramāṇa